Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2Freedom RidersFreedom Riders Civil Rights activists would ride busses to test Civil Rights activists would ride busses to test the Supreme Court decision that banned the Supreme Court decision that banned segregation on buses and in bus terminals segregation on buses and in bus terminals which provoked violent reactions to force the which provoked violent reactions to force the JFK administration to enforce the lawJFK administration to enforce the lawRiders were tormented and beatenRiders were tormented and beatenNewspaper coverage and the violence Newspaper coverage and the violence provoked JFK to send federal marshals to provoked JFK to send federal marshals to protect the ridersprotect the ridersSegregation in all interstate travel facilities Segregation in all interstate travel facilities was bannedwas banned

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2Integrating Ole MissIntegrating Ole MissAir Force Veteran James Air Force Veteran James Meredith won a federal court Meredith won a federal court case that allowed him to enroll case that allowed him to enroll in the all-white University of in the all-white University of Mississippi (Ole Miss)Mississippi (Ole Miss)Governor Ross Barnett refused Governor Ross Barnett refused to let him registerto let him registerKennedy ordered federal Kennedy ordered federal marshals to escort Meredithmarshals to escort MeredithRiots broke out and resulted in Riots broke out and resulted in 2 deaths2 deathsFederal officials accompanied Federal officials accompanied Meredith to class to protect Meredith to class to protect himhim

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2

BirminghamBirminghamStrictly enforced its segregationStrictly enforced its segregationReputation for racial violenceReputation for racial violenceReverend Shuttlesworth, MLK, and the Reverend Shuttlesworth, MLK, and the

SCLC tested their non-violenceSCLC tested their non-violenceMLK and others were arrested during a nonviolent MLK and others were arrested during a nonviolent demonstrationdemonstrationMLK wrote MLK wrote Letters from a Birmingham JailLetters from a Birmingham JailWith MLK out of jail, the SCLC planned a children’s march in With MLK out of jail, the SCLC planned a children’s march in BirminghamBirminghamPolice Commissioner “Bull” Connor arrested themPolice Commissioner “Bull” Connor arrested themLater, the police met the marchers with high pressure fire Later, the police met the marchers with high pressure fire hoses and attack dogshoses and attack dogsTV cameras captured the sceneTV cameras captured the sceneBirmingham officials finally ended segregation and Convinced Birmingham officials finally ended segregation and Convinced JFK to write a civil rights actJFK to write a civil rights act

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2

Kennedy Takes a StandKennedy Takes a Stand• • June 11, 1963 – JFK sends troops to force June 11, 1963 – JFK sends troops to force Gov. Wallace to desegregate the U of Gov. Wallace to desegregate the U of AlabamaAlabama• • He demanded that Congress pass a civil He demanded that Congress pass a civil rights billrights bill• • Hours later Medgar Evers, an NAACP Hours later Medgar Evers, an NAACP secretary was murderedsecretary was murdered• • A new militancy developed – “Freedom A new militancy developed – “Freedom Now!”Now!”

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2March on WashingtonMarch on WashingtonTo show support for JFK’s civil To show support for JFK’s civil rights bill, a march on Washington rights bill, a march on Washington was formedwas formedAug. 28, 1963, 250,000 people Aug. 28, 1963, 250,000 people assembled in Washingtonassembled in WashingtonMLK gave his “I have a Dream” MLK gave his “I have a Dream” speechspeechAppeals for peace and harmonyAppeals for peace and harmony

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2

Violence PersistsViolence Persists

Two weeks after the I have a Dream speech, Two weeks after the I have a Dream speech, four girls were killed in a Birmingham churchfour girls were killed in a Birmingham church

Two months later, JFK is assassinatedTwo months later, JFK is assassinated

LBJ pledges to carry out JFK’s workLBJ pledges to carry out JFK’s work

Passes Civil Rights Act of 1964Passes Civil Rights Act of 1964

Prohibited discriminationProhibited discrimination

Gave equal access to public Gave equal access to public accommodationsaccommodations

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2

Fighting for Voting RightsFighting for Voting Rights

CORE and SNCC worked to register as many CORE and SNCC worked to register as many African-American voters as possibleAfrican-American voters as possible

Project is known as Freedom SummerProject is known as Freedom Summer

Attempt to influence Congress to pass as Attempt to influence Congress to pass as voting rights billvoting rights bill

College Students were trained to help the College Students were trained to help the projectproject

Met with resistance and violenceMet with resistance and violence

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2

A New Political PartyA New Political PartyAfrican Americans needed a political voiceAfrican Americans needed a political voiceSNCC (SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) Committee) organized the Mississippi organized the Mississippi Freedom Democratic PartyFreedom Democratic PartyFannie Lou Hamer spoke at the Democratic Fannie Lou Hamer spoke at the Democratic National Convention in 1964National Convention in 1964Support poured in for the MFDPSupport poured in for the MFDPCivil Rights leaders compromised with the Civil Rights leaders compromised with the Democratic Party (MFDP got two seats in Democratic Party (MFDP got two seats in Congress)Congress)

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2Selma CampaignSelma CampaignSNCC led a voting rights campaign in SNCC led a voting rights campaign in Selma, AlabamaSelma, AlabamaAfter a demonstrator was shot, MLK After a demonstrator was shot, MLK organized a 50 mile march to organized a 50 mile march to MontgomeryMontgomeryMayhem broke out and TV crews Mayhem broke out and TV crews caught police beating and gassing caught police beating and gassing marchersmarchersJohnson presented a voting rights Johnson presented a voting rights act and gave marchers federal act and gave marchers federal protectionprotection

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2

Voting Rights Act of Voting Rights Act of 19651965

Eliminated literacy testsEliminated literacy tests

Local officials could not Local officials could not deny suffragedeny suffrage

The percentage of The percentage of African American voters African American voters tripled in the southtripled in the south

Chapter 20 Section 2 Quiz• 1.) What was a freedom rider?• a.) A person who wrote diaries of their civil rights

experience• b.) A person who rode vehicles in the civil rights

marches• c.) A person who rode buses to make sure the

desegregation laws were being followed

• 2.) What happened a lot of times to Freedom riders?

• _________________________________________

• 3.) At what school was James Meredith the first African American to attend?

• a.) University of Alabama• b.) Ole Miss• c.) University of Georgia

• 4.) What happened in response to Meredith’s attendance at this university?

• a.) Riots broke out• b.) The south celebrated the integration of one of

its universities• c.) It ended the Civil Rights Movement due to

there being too much violence

• 5.) Name a city that had the most history of racial violence?

• a.) Oklahoma City• b.) New York City• c.) Birmingham

• 6.) Name a Civil Rights movement that happened in Birmingham, Alabama.

• a.) Children’s March• b.) John F. Kennedy Assassination• c.) Medgar Evars assassination

• 7.) What happened to the marchers at Birmingham?• a.) They were sprayed with fire hoses• b.) They were removed from the march by the National

Guard• c.) They were able to demonstrate peacefully

• 8.) Name one thing the attacks on the Birmingham did?

• a.) It convinced J.F.K. that the Civil Rights movement was not going to be successful

• b.) It convinced the Civil Rights Activists the movement was not going to be successful

• c.) It convinced J.F.K. that the needed to pass a Civil Rights Act.

• 9.) What happened just a couple hours after Kennedy forced the University of Alabama

• to desegregate?• a.) Medgar Evars, NAACP secretary was assassinated• b.) J.F.K. was assassinated• c.) Martin Luther King was assassinated

• 10.) Where was the “I Have a Dream” speech delivered?

• a.) Washington D.C.• b.) Birmingham, Alabama• c.) Selma, Alabama

Chapter 20 Section 2 Quiz con’t.• 11.) Name a tragedy that happened just two weeks after the “I Have a Dream” speech.• a.) Medgar Evars was shot• b.) Martin Luther King was shot• c.) Four Birmingham, Alabama girls were killed

• 12.) When was J.F.K. assassinated?• a.) 1963• b.) 1968• c.) 1965

• 13.) Name the starting and ending location of the 50 mile march King orchestrated?• a.) Washington, D.C. to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania• b.) Birmingham, Alabama to Selma, Alabama• c.) Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama

• 14.) What happened to these marchers?• a.) They were beat and gassed by the police• b.) They were celebrated by the police• c.) There was very little interest in the march

• 15.) What year was the Voting right Act passed?• a.) 1963• b.) 1968• c.) 1965