chapter 23 urinary marie

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Ch 23: Urinary System


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Internal Anatomy

Cortex:outer layer, light reddish brown,granular appearance (due to manycorpuscles)

Medulla:darker striped appearance (dueto tubules) Subdivided into distinctrenal pyramids, terminating with apapilla. Separated by renal columns

from the cortex.

Pelvis:Expanded proximal ureter

Compare to Fig 23.3


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Renal Circulation20-25% of cardiac output!!


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RL


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Nephron = functional unit

Renal corpuscle:

Glomerulus

Bowmans (renal) capsule

Nephron = corpuscle +

PCT

LOH DCT

(>106/kidney)

Fig 23.6


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Renal Corpuscle


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Uriniferous Tubule p 691

Nephron + Collecting Duct (tubule)

Renal Corpuscle

PCT LOH

DCT

CD


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This diagram hasan importantinaccuracy!


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See Fig23.4


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Two Types of Nephrons

Cortical nephrons (85%)shorter, mostly in cortex of

kidney, produce"standard" urine

Juxtamedullary nephrons(15%), "juxta = next to" themedulla - responsive to

ADH, can produceconcentrated urine due tolonger Loops of Henle

Fig 23.9


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Filtration: Passage across ThreeBarriers

1. Capillary endothelium

Fenestrated

What gets through?

2. Basement membrane

3. Glomerular epithelium (= visceral layerof Bowmans capsule)

slit pores between pedicles of podocytes

Note: Capsular Epithelium is simplesquamous epithelium


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Juxtaglomerular (JG) Apparatus

Macula densa

+

Juxtaglomerular cells (smooth musclefibers from afferent arteriole)

= Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

= Endocrine system structure(renin and EPO)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system.png


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system.png


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Urine collection:

Collecting ducts withineach renal papilla

release urine intominor calyx majorcalyx renal pelvis

ureter


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Ureters

From kidney to bladder

Enter the bladder at an

angle Trigone

Retroperitoneal

Transitional Epithelium Nephroliths

This is anotherinaccuracy!!


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Nephrolithiasis

Occurs whenurinebecomes too

concentratedandsubstancescrystallize.Symptoms

arise whenstones beginto move downureter causing

intense pain.Kidney stones may form in the pelvis orcalyces of the kidney or in the ureter.


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Urinary Bladder

Retroperitoneal, behind pubis

Internal folds - rugae - permitexpansion (max. holding capacity

~ 1L) Trigone - area at base delineated

by openings of ureters and urethra- without muscle

Internal urethral sphincter -involuntary sphincter

Histology

1. transitional epithelium

2. detrusor muscle smooth muscle


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Urinary Bladder


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Transitional Epithelium

empty bladderfull bladder

from renal pelvis toneck of urethra.


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Female Urethra

External urethralsphincters voluntaryat pelvic floor

3-5 cm from base ofbladder to vestibule

UTIs (esp. E.c o l i)


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Male Urethra

Male 18-20 cm

1. prostatic urethra from

base of bladder throughprostate gland

2. membranous urethrabetween prostate gland

& base of penis3. penile (spongy) urethra traverses penis toorifice


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Male vs. Female

Fig 23.17


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Kidneys may

sustain 90% loss of

nephrons and stillnot show apparent

symptoms!!!

2-4 % of populationonly have 1 kidney!

Manneken Pis

Fountain

Brussels, 1619

chapter 23 urinary marie

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