Chapter 26Chapter 26

Post War America

(The Cold War)

April 12, 1945April 12, 1945

Roosevelt Died and Truman Became President

Potsdam Potsdam Conference Conference

US Verses Soviet UnionUS Verses Soviet Union United States

– Create new world Order (Self Determination)

– Gain Access to raw materials

– Rebuild European Governments to ensure stability and create markets

– Reunite Germany

Soviet Union– Encourage Communism as

part of struggle between worker and wealthy

– Rebuild its war revenged economy

– Control Eastern Europe to balance US Control of Western Europe

– Keep Germany divided and weak so it would never again threaten Soviet Union

Soviets Tighten grip on Soviets Tighten grip on Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

Formed Satellite Nations Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Poland

Stalin Formed Communist Governments in these nations

Truman’s Reaction to the Truman’s Reaction to the Satellite countries Satellite countries

Containment – To stop the spread of communism into countries

that do not want to be communist falls in the hands of the United States

Churchill’s responseChurchill’s response

“A shadow has fallen upon the scene so lately lighted by the Allied

victory…From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron

curtain has descended across the continent”

The Iron The Iron CurtainCurtain

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

The Cold War Heats UpThe Cold War Heats Up

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine

Truman Proclaimed that under the policy of Containment, it was the our responsibility to provide assistance to countries resisting communist take over

This doctrine provide $400 Million dollars in support to Turkey and Greece

The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan

Secretary of State George Marshal Proposed that the US provide relief for all western European countries

1948-1952 Us gave $16 Billion in aid to western European countries

These countries began to flourish

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

The Berlin AirliftThe Berlin Airlift

327 Days277,000 Flights2.3 million tons of supplies

Food Fuel Medicine Christmas Presents

Trouble In ChinaTrouble In China

Chiang Kai-shek– Nationalist– $3 billion in aid– Ruled Southern and Eastern

China– Relied on Aid from US– Struggled with inflation and

falling economy– Weak leadership

Mao Zedong– Communist– Ruled in Northern China– Relied on Aid from Soviet

Union– Attracted Peasants with

promises of land reform– Experienced Guerilla army

force– Great LEadership

Japan took over Korea in 1910. Japan took over Korea in 1910. Ruled until the end of WWII.Ruled until the end of WWII.

After the War the Soviets took After the War the Soviets took over North Korea and the US over North Korea and the US

took over South Korea.took over South Korea.

South KoreaSouth Korea

Syngman Rhee headed the government

Capital city was Seoul The Republic of Korea

North KoreaNorth Korea

Kim Il Sung Soviet Controlled The Democratic

People’s Republic of Korea

Pyongyang Capital city

Korean War beginsKorean War begins

US pulls out of Korea leaving only 500 troops behind

Soviets Conclude that US not willing to fight for Korea

Soviets back north with tanks, money, and airplanes to prepare for attack.

June 25 1950 North Korea invade the southOn June 27, 1950 Truman ordered troops fro

Japan to aid the South Koreans

Truman RespondsTruman Responds Truman sends in the old

war horse of the Pacific Douglas MacArthur MacArthur pushes the

communist all the way back to the Chinese border.

He pleas with Truman to go ahead and let him take china while he is on a roll.

The War ended in a stalemate

The Cold War at HomeThe Cold War at Home

The Loyalty Review BoardThe Loyalty Review BoardHarry TrumanInvestigate Government EmployeesUS Attorney posted a list of 91

organizations that were considered suspicious

Membership to these organizations could cost you your job

From 1947 to 1951 3.2 million people were investigated

212 lost their jobs

House on Un-American House on Un-American Activities (HUAC)Activities (HUAC)

Accused Hollywood of being infiltrated by Communism

Began to investigate Produced the

“Hollywood Ten” Ten witnesses that

refused to testify and were sent to jail

Government strikes out at Government strikes out at HollywoodHollywood

500 actors, writers, and directors were blacklisted from working in Hollywood

The McCarran ActThe McCarran Act McCarran thought the

Loyalty Review Board was not strict enough

Passed and act that made it unlawful for to plan any action that might lead to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship in America.

SPIES AMONG USSPIES AMONG USAlger HissAlger Hiss The Rosenberg'sThe Rosenberg'sSent to Jail for espionage Sent to Jail for espionage Sent to the Electric Chair Sent to the Electric Chair

Two Men become famous for Two Men become famous for communist witch huntscommunist witch hunts

Richard M. NixonRichard M. Nixon Joseph McCarthyJoseph McCarthyPursuant of HissPursuant of Hiss McCarthyism McCarthyism

The Cold War Spreads The Cold War Spreads Around the worldAround the world

BrinkmanshipBrinkmanship

EisenhowerNuclear WeaponsStronger Air forceChildren Practiced Air raidsFall out shelters

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

Eisenhower responds to Eisenhower responds to Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

Eisenhower Doctrine– Say US will defend the

middle east against communist aggression

The Race for SpaceThe Race for Space

SputnikSputnikOctober 4, October 4,

19571957

11stst Russian Russian Successful Successful

space space launch and launch and recoveryrecovery

U-2 Spy Plane flew missions over U-2 Spy Plane flew missions over Soviet Occupied territorySoviet Occupied territory

Francis Gary Powers Shot down Francis Gary Powers Shot down and sentenced to ten years in a and sentenced to ten years in a

Soviet PrisonSoviet Prison