CHAPTER 3SECTION 1

THE INDO-EUROPEANS

KEY TERMS

• Indo-Europeans• Steppes• Migration• Hittites• Anatolia

• Aryans• Vedas• Brahmin• Caste• Mahabharata

INDO-EUROPEANS MIGRATE

• Nomadic peoples who came from steppes• Steppes dry

grassland in the Caucasus • Tamed horses for

battle• Two wheel chariots• Lived in tribes

INDO-EUROPEANS MIGRATE

• Ancestors of modern language• Spanish, English,

Persian, Hindi

• Can tell where tribes settled by their language• Aryans spoke

Sanskrit located in India

INDO-EUROPEANS MIGRATE

• 1700-1200 BC started to migrate• Migration-

movements of people from one region to another• Happens in waves• Long period of time

THE HITTITE EMPIRE

• 2000 BC occupied Anatolia (Turkey)• Timber• Minerals agriculture

• Occupied Babylon• Signed a peace

treaty with Egyptians over Syria

THE HITTITE EMPIRE

• Adopted Akkadian language of the Babylonians• Ideas, laws politics,

literature from Mesopotamians• Chariots new in

warfare• Iron weapons

(sharper)• Empire fell 1190 BC

ARYANS TRANSFORM INDIA

• Aryans from the Caspian sea• No archaeological

record• Vedas-collection of

spells, prayers, rituals• Big Rig Veda- 1028

hymns• Elders passed on

from generation to generation

ARYANS TRANSFORM INDIA

• Caste System• Brahmins- priests• Warriors• Traders, landowners• Peasants or traders• The group you

belonged to determined your role in society

AYRANS TRANSFORM INDIA

• Class restrictions– Shudras-laborers–Varna- skin color

distinguishing feature– 4 groups became

the Varnas– Portuguese called it

a caste system–Determined what

you did–Who you married

AYRAN KINGDOMS ARISE

• Chiefs were elected by the entire tribe• 1000 BC minor kings

wanted to set up territories.• Magda- major

kingdom• By 200 BC Magda

occupied almost the entire subcontinent

ARYAN KINGDOMS ARISE

• Mahabharata- reflects the struggle as the Aryans took control• Bhagavad Gita-

warrior prince and Krishna• Krishna in human

form• Taught prince too

fight, live, and die