Chapter 3 Section 3Middle Colonies

Change is Coming

• 1649, Charles I is beheaded

• 1660, Charles II, son of Charles I, becomes king

England and the Colonies

• Between the colony of Virginia and the New England colonies were lands the Dutch controlled.

New Netherland

New Amsterdam

That’s a bargain!• Located on Manhattan

Island (present day New York City)

• Along the Hudson River• Purchased from the

Manhates people for beads and other goods.

• Excellent sea port• Soon became the center of

shipping to and from America

Peter Stuyvesant

• Governor of the colony• Mean• People didn’t like him• When the English came

to fight and take over the colony no one helped him

I Surrender!• No contest• King Charles II gives the

colony to his brother, the Duke of York

• The colony is renamed New York

• The owner of the colony, the proprietor, makes all the decisions, owns all the lands, and controlled the government

PROMISES, PROMISES!

• Duke of York promised the Dutch colonists freedom of religion and allowed them to keep their property

• As a result, most Dutch colonists decided to remain in New York

• Germans, Swedes, Native Americans, and Puritans all lived in New York

• Included about 300 enslaved Africans• New Amsterdam (New York) became one of the

fastest growing locations in the colony.

Government of New York• 1683• Colonists demanded a

representative government like that of other colonies.

• Duke of York resisted the idea, but people of New York would not give up.

• 1691• English government

allowed New York to elect a legislature.

New Jersey

• Southern part of New York

• Given to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret

• Named after the island of Jersey, in England, where Carteret was born

New Jersey

• To attract settlers the men promised:– large tracts of land– Freedom of religion– Trial by jury– Representative assembly

• Assembly would make local laws and set taxes

Sir George Carteret

Lord John Berkeley

William Penn

Pennsylvania

• Penn’s father had once given the king a lot of money

• Penn asked for land in America to pay the debt

• Was to be almost as big as England

Quakers

• Dissenters• Pacifists• Each person could

experience religious truth directly– Meant that church

services and officials were not necessary

– No one was better than anyone else

Philly

• Philadelphia• City of Brotherly Love• Penn designed the city

himself, making him the first town planner in

America

Native American Policies

• Penn believed the land belonged to the Native Americans

• He believed they should be paid for their land

Government in Pennsylvania

• Penn advertised the land throughout Europe

• 1683, more than 3,000 English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and German settlers were living in Pennsylvania

• 1701 Charter of Liberties

• Penn granted colonists the right to elect representatives to the legislative assembly

Delaware

• Southernmost part of Pennsylvania were called the Three Lower Counties

• 1703 Charter of Privileges

• Allowed them to form their own legislature

• Then, they became their own colony - Delaware

Bread BasketThese colonies are often called the “Bread Basket”This is because their main crops are grains which are used to make bread.