Chapter 4THE DEVELOPING

PERSON

CONCEPTION

Fewer than ½ of fertilized eggs (zygotes) survive1st week cell division produces 100 cells

10 days zygote attaches to uterine wall and becomes the placenta The inner cells

become the embyro

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT

FUNNY

The embyro body and organs begin to form and functionHeart beat beginsLiver begins to make red blood cells

EMBRYO: 6 WEEKS

Embryo look unmistakably human It is now a Fetus

EMBRYO: 9 WEEKS

Internal organs such as stomach have formed and are functioningGives fetus a chance of surviving premature birth

FETUS: 6 MONTHS

At each prenatal stage, genetic and environmental factors affect development

Nutrients and teratogens are passed from mother Example: a mother who

drinks heavily puts her fetus at risk for FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)

NUTRITION AND THE MOTHER

NEWBORNS

Surprising compotentSensory equipment

and reflexes help with interaction with adults Rooting reflex

Prefer objects within 8-12 inches Distance of a nursing

mothers eyesKnow mothers odor

and voice

THE AMAZING NEWBORN

INFANCY

After birth neural networks have a growth spurt Muturation set the

course of development Experiences adjust it

Lack of neural connections explain why we can’t remember those developmental years 3.5 yrs. old is average

memory start time

INFANTS

Infants begin cognition (thinking, knowing, remembering) Begin forming

schemas that help assimilate our experiences

Infants go from sensorimotor stage to object permanaence Things exist even when

out of sight

SENSORIMOTOR TO OBJECT PERMANENCE

8 months Infants prefer familiar voices and faces Begin showing

stranger anxiety Become attached

because of warmth and comfort Not imprinted like

animals Forms over time

ATTACHMENT

1ST POOPY DIAPER I CHANGED

ADOLESCENCE

Adolescence is the transformation from childhood to adult hood

Puberty Begins in girls at 11 and

boys at 13 Primary Sex Characteristics:

Reproductive Organs Secondary Sex

Characteristics: Females: Breasts and hips Males: facial hair, deeper voice Both: Underarm and pubic hair

Landmarks Males: 1st ejaculation age 14 Females: Menarche age 12

TRANSITION

Erik Erikson: Adolescence is to solidify one’s identity We try different selves

We gather them all into a self and then feel ready for intimacy

Gender differences Females:

interdependent and open

Males: closed and selective

SELF

Show part 18 of d iscover ing psychologyADULTHOOD

Middle Adulthood Barely noticed physical

changes occur and begin to accelerate during middle adulthood

For women MenopauseLater Life

Declining perception, strength, and stamina

Brain remain healthy Unless brain disease like

Alzheimer’s acquired

DECLINE

Memory Recognition remains

strong, recall declinesResearch

Cross-Sectional Studies Steady intellectual

decline in early adulthood Longitudinal Studies

Intellectual stability until late in life

Fluid Intelligence Declines later in life

Crystallized Intelligence Does not decline

DECLINE CON’T

We will al suff er from the loss of relatives or friends Most diffi cult: Spouse

Women suffer this 5 times more than men

Most serve is death before social clock Death of a child Early death of spouse

The Five Stages of Death Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance

DEATH