chapter 4 the roman empire

8/2/2019 Chapter 4 the Roman Empire

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The Roman EmpireChapter 6, Section 2


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History of the Republic

From 509 BC to 27 BC, Rome was governed as a

republicthis also coincided with Romes vastpower.


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Citizens of Rome would gather at anassembly to elect their own officials. The

chief officials of Rome were called consulsand there were two of them.


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They were advised by a Senate. This was made up ofleading citizens of Rome and when they met, the Senatewould discuss issues such as proposed new laws,financial issues affecting Rome etc. There were about

600 men in the Senate. They were usually from richnoble families and what they thought went a long way todetermining Roman law.


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The Republic Collapses

Economic Turmoil Gap between rich and poor widens as Roman

Republic grows.

As Rome expanded, many wealthy Romans neglectedcivic duties. They only wanted to gain more wealth,power

Farmers and former soldiers lose to large estates andbecome homeless.

Two tribunes, Tiberius and Gaius, try to help thepoor, but are murdered.

Civil warconflict between groups within the samecountry begins.


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Military Upheaval

Military becomes less disciplined and disloyal.

Soldiers recruited from the poor; show loyaltyonly to their generals

After the expulsion of the kings, Rome wasruled by its aristocrats (roughly, the patricians)who abused their privileges. This led to a

struggle between the people (plebeians) Patricians won in 82 B.C.; Sulla became

dictator


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Julius Caesar


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Julius Caesar

After Sullas death, other generals rose to power

One was Julius Caesarborn around 100 B.C.into old, noble family

A Military Leader & An Ambitious General

Caesar fought in Asia Minor and Spain

He proved himself a great general in a militarycampaign against Gaul

-Caesars conquest of Gaul brought him fame,fortune


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Julius Caesar Takes Control Military leader Julius Caesar is elected consul in 59

B.C.

Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey form a triumvirateagroup of three leaders.

Military victories give Caesar increasing popularity andpower.

Pompey fears Caesars growing power and challenges

him. Caesar defeats Pompeys armies in Greece, Asia,

Spain, and Egypt


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Dictator for Life

Caesar was a great politician, reformer;

was popular with plebeians Many powerful Romans, including

patrician senators, opposed Caesar

After returning from Gaul, Senate orderedCaesar to disband army

- Caesar instead led army to Italy, foughtfor control; won in 46 B.C.

Senate appointed him ruler; was nameddictator for life in 44 B.C.


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Caesars Reforms

Caesar makes reforms: grants widercitizenship, creates jobs for the poor.

expanded Senate, enforced laws,


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Assassination and Legacy

Caesar assassinated in March 15, 44 B.C. bygroup of senators. Some feared he would

become king, have descendants rule after him

groups leaders were eventually killed orcommitted suicide

Reformer or tyrant, Caesars rule and deathwould end republic


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Beginning of the Empire

43 B.C. Caesars supporters take control;become Second Triumvirate.

Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus alliance endsin jealousy and violence.

In 31 B.C. Mark Antony and Cleopatras forces

are defeated at Actium Octavian accepts title of Augustus, exalted

one, and rules Rome.


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History of Rome - Roman Republic Timeline

Timeline Dates Timeline of Important Events and Dates

in the Roman Republic

509 BC Rome replaced the Etruscan rulers with a Republic during the History of

Rome. The revolt was led by Lucius Junius Brutus who became the

founder of the Roman Republic and traditionally one of the first Consuls

of Rome

501 BC Appointment of the first-ever dictator, T. Larcius

264-146 The Punic Wars - a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthageby the Roman Republic

260 BC Rome builds its first major fleet

202 BC Battle of Zama, Scipio defeats Hannibal

90BC Civil War in Rome

88 BC Sulla marches on Rome and becomes Dictator

78 BC Death of Sulla

73 BC Outbreak of Third Servile War, led by the slave and gladiator Spartacus

71 BC Revolt of Spartacus crushed by Pompey and Crassus

70 BC Crassus and Pompey become joint consuls of the Roman Republic


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59 BC Julius Caesar becomes consul an important event in the History of Rome

59 - 53BC Pompey, Marcus Licinius Crassus Gaius Julius Caesar dominate the Late

Roman republic through a political alliance called the First Triumvirate

58 BC Julius Caesar campaigns in Gaul

55 BC Julius Caesar attempts to invade Britain and succeeds in 54 BC

49 BC Caesar's army crosses the Rubicon and Civil War begins between Caesar and

the Republican forces of Pompey

Julius Caesar is victorious, becomes dictator of the Roman Republic and

then conquers Gaul

47 BC Caesar invades Egypt and appoints Cleopatra queen

44 BC Julius Caesar is assassinated; Marcus Antony controls Rome

43 BC The Second Triumvirate established in the Roman Republic between

Octavian (Julius Caesar's adoptive son) and Marc Antony

42 BC Octavian takes control of Italy

31 BC Battle of Actium, Octavian defeats Marc Antony and Queen Cleopatra

27BC Octavian, became, as Augustus Caesar, the first emperor of Rome and the

Roman Republic comes to an end - The Fascinating History of Rome
http://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-empire/julius-caesar.htmhttp://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-empire/julius-caesar-death.htmhttp://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-emperors/augustus-caesar.htmhttp://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-emperors/augustus-caesar.htmhttp://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-empire/julius-caesar-death.htmhttp://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-empire/julius-caesar.htm


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A Vast and Powerful Empire

Pax Romana Under Augustus, Rome moves from a republic to an

empire. Power no longer resides with citizens, but in a single

ruler. Rome enjoys 200 years of peace and prosperityknown as Pax Romana

A Sound Government Augustus, Romes ablest ruler, creates a lasting

system of government. Glorifies Rome with beautiful public buildings Sets up a civil service to administer the empire


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A Vast and Powerful Empire

Agriculture and Trade

Agriculture is the most important industry inthe empire; 90% of Romans farm.

Common coin, denarius, makes trade withinempire easier

Rome has a vast trading network which

includes China and India. Network of Roman roads links the empire to

Persia and Russia.


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The Roman World

Slaves and Captivity Slavery is a significant part of Roman life in

both cities and farms.

Some slaves become gladiators; forced tofight to the death.

Gods and Goddesses Early Romans honored guardian spirits and

gods Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva.

Worship of emperor becomes part of officialreligion of Rome.


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The Roman World

Society and Culture

Rich live well; most people are poor, receivegrain from government.

150 holidays and Colosseum events werecreated to control the masses.

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