Chapter 5: Industrialization

Unit Essential Questions

1. How did the Industrial Revolution change life for Americans?

2. How did America become an industrial world leader?

A. The Rise of Industry

1. Four main factors which contributed to

the success of industrialization

a. Natural resources

b. A large population to support market for new products = workforce

c. Explosion of inventions

d. Free Enterprise

2. Plenty of Natural Resources

a. Coal, Iron ore, oil, timber

b. stateside/inexpensive

c. Drawbacks?

3. Black Golda. Oil discovered in

Texasb. Edward Drake

develops easy system to drill for oil

c. Main usei. Keroseneii. Gasoline not in

demand until…

Henry Ford’s First Auto

Henry Ford’s Model T

Model A

4. Large Workforce

a. Population triples 1860-1910i. Large families, better standard of living

ii. Immigration: religious and political persecution in homelands

b. Increases consumer goods

5. Inventions Promoting Change

a.Telephone:

Alexander Graham Bell

Today’s AT&T

6. Electricity

a. Thomas Edison: perfects the light bulb, NOT the inventor; phonograph and electric generator

b. Both Edison and Westinghouse develop technique for transporting electricity

B. Impact of Technology1. Better food due to refrigeration; lasts longer2. Fabrics made in factories = 3. Clothes standardized = no more sewing at

home; same w/shoes4. Telegraph across Atlantic ocean = improved

communication5. Scientific management- breaking down

tasks into small parts; standardizing (snowman)

C. Free Enterprise1. Laissez-faire: gov’t does not interfere in

economic decisions; protects private property

2. Free market – supply and demand- and low taxes; competition/capitalism

3. Entrepreneurs (businessman) increased; invested in U.S. industry

4. Few taxes and regulation =increase economic growth

5. Tariffs - fees imposed on imported goods; protect American business owners from…