chapter 6: pre revolutionary war u french exploration u navigation acts-1650-73 u enforcement u...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 6: Pre Revolutionary War
French exploration Navigation Acts-1650-73 Enforcement Mercantilism King George’s War (1744-48) George Washington-1754 French and Indian War-1754-
63 Albany Congress British
Treaty of Paris, 1763 Colonists Friction British reaction Problems of unity Indian losses Pontiac’s Rebellion George III Maintain army Proclamation of 1763
French Exploration France began to create a
colonial empire Quebec was already
established near the St. Lawrence River
Both Britain and France began to move into the Ohio River Valley
Established trade for beaver skins
The French traveled around establishing forts Some French came to halt English expansion Antoine Cadillac founded Detroit Robert de La Salle: Mississippi and claimed
Louisiana for Louis XIV New Orleans Indians Aided the French in the beaver trade Disease and firewater
Nova Scotia
New Scotland
The French were moved from this area to Louisiana
Also called the Acadians……Cadians…..Cajuns
The British empire continued salutary neglect, which allowed the
roots of independence to spread
What is Salutary neglect???
Navigation Acts-1650-73 Some attempts were made to control
the colonists Navigation Act- imovie trailer Nav. Acts set rules for colonial trade
Trade only with Britain Keep the French out
Positive effects: Shipbuilding increased Protection from British Navy
Negative effects: Limited manufacturing Low prices Pay high prices for goods
Enforcement
Enforcement was difficult and many didn’t try Corrupt agents 1684: The Massachusetts Bay Colony lost their
charter due to excessive smuggling
Favorable balance of trade for England
Raw materials to mother country to make it self sufficientAffected all colonies
King George’s War (1744-48) Also called the War of Austrian
Sucession (1740-48) Spanish and French formed against
the British in America The only major engagement was at
Louisbourg in New France (Canada) The colonists fought hard for the
fort at Louisbourg At the peace treaty Ft. Louisbourg
was given back to the French which angered the New Englanders who had fought for the fort
Disgruntled French still above them
Georgie The Brits and French were still
fighting over the Ohio River Valley
1754: Virginia’s governor sent George Washington to secure western lands claimed by Va.
Attacked Fort Duquesne (French)
The French retreated, but returned and Washington and men had to retreat and built Fort Necessity
GW surrendered July 4, 1754 (ironic date?)
What if?
French and Indian War (1754-63) Who fought in the war? Fought over beaver skins Most of French forces in Europe (lucky
us) Many Indians supported the French
seeing them as the lesser evil Brits offered money for French and
Indian scalps Before this the colonies hadn’t worked
together on much; Indians laughed at us 1754: Brits called for a colonial
congress in Albany 1754: Albany Congress Attempt at unification 7 colonies To keep Iroquois loyal to Britain Long range effect was colonial unity
Ben Franklin
You will read about the Albany Congress in your documents
Franklin developed a system of home rule which the delegates accepted; colonies didn’t
System of taxation for defense
Colonies didn’t want to give up self taxation powers
Grand Council (leg) President-General (appointed
by the crown)
British Early battles didn’t go well General Edward Braddock British didn’t approve of colonial regulars who used
guerrilla warfare Heavy losses French aided by Indians who also used guerrilla warfare GW had two horses shot out from under him Invasion of Canada failed
Indians Indians began to take advantage of the situation
More attacks on English colonist
Little protection for them esp. after Braddock was killed
Scalping trips within 80 miles of Philly
Local began to pay for Indian scalps $50 for women $130 for men
William Pitt
Pitt was the new British commanderFocused on Canada and less on West IndiesPicked young leadersVictory at Louisbourg-1758Quebec-1759Montreal-1760Treaty of Paris, 1763: French power in America all but gone….Spain took over some French claims in Louisianaand England gained all land east of the MississippiBlankets
French lose their land; Indians who supported the French lost everything
Colonial reaction and Friction
Colonists felt they fought bravely and bore the brunt of the battles
Gained military experience
Shattered the myth of British invulnerability
Friction developed between British and Colonial troops
Document will show this No recognition of American
rank above Captain Washington: Col.
Low opinion of Colonial troops by Brits
American’s were proud of their accomplishments
British Reaction British upset at reluctance
of the colonies to aid in the war
Many American shippers traded with the French Hurt British attempts to
starve out the West Indies
Pitt got support when he offered to reimburse the colonies for expenditures
Bribed to unify
Brits saw colonists as unable to fight, leaving in the middle of battle, etc.
Colonists upset at treatment by Brits
Some would not fight Quakers
Problems of Unity Could it be obtained in the
colonies? Distance b\w colonies Geographic barriers Religious conflicts Nationalities Different governments Class issues Boundary disputes
But there was still some sense of unity after the F and I War
Indian Losses Lost their main allies
against the British Couldn’t play the
Europeans off on each other
Pontiac's Rebellion Ottowa Chief Pontiac 1763: attack British
forts on the frontier in Ohio Territory
Colonists gave the Indians blankets after tensions eased.They were infected with small pox
Fort Michilimackinac On June 2, 1763 a group of
Ojibwe staged a game of baaga'adowe (lacrosse) outside the fort as a ruse to gain entrance.
After gaining entrance to the fort, they killed most of the British inhabitants and held the fort for a year before the British retook it with the provision to offer more and better gifts to the native inhabitants of the area.
Land Gate and palisade where Ojibwa (Chippewa), Sac and Fox gained access to the Fort during the battle of 1763. Heavily blanketed Indian women watched the bagataway game from near the gate with weapons hidden under their blankets.
King George III (The Mad King) Changes in colonial policy
came with his rise to power
The need to maintain an army in the colonies rose
End of salutary neglect Had to pay for the cost of
war Colonies should pay more
George III suffered from porphyria in its most vicious form, although his suffering may have been aggravated by the ill treatment of his doctors. The symptoms of this rare hereditary disease include paralysis, delirium, hypertension, and acute pain, while sufferers pass urine of a purple coloring
Proclamation of 1763
Colonists were not allowed to move past the Appalachian Mountains
Proclamation of 1763 Why would the British
government do this? Will it work? Crash Course #5