chapter 6 the loyalists (1776-1815). we will look at… details on how areas that were to become...
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Chapter 6
The Loyalists
(1776-1815)
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We will look at…
• Details on how areas that were to become Canada and the United States began to distinguish themselves as separate countries
• How a representative government was established in British North America
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Americans defeated British
• 1783 American Revolution ended
• New nation emerged: U.S.A
• When the war began, Thirteen Colonies were divided into two groups: Patriots & Loyalists
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Who were the Loyalists?
• Political refugees who moved to Quebec & Nova Scotia for safety
• They were loyal to the British Empire• Did not want to separate from Britain. • Most farmers, others merchants, doctors, &
lawyers• AKA “Tories”
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Who were the Patriots?
• Loyal to the Thirteen Colonies• They wanted to separate from Britain to
form the United States of America• During the American Revolution, the
Patriots destroyed many Loyalists homes and businesses.
• Treaty of Paris 1783: compensation promises; not kept
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“The Bloody Massacre", 1770, by Paul Revere and Henry Pelham
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Tarred and Feathered
“ Now, are you a Torie or are you a Patriot? ”
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• Many thrown in prison
• Denied civil rights
• Property confiscated
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The coming of the Loyalists
• Many Loyalists found themselves in a hostile country, forced to flee.
• Resulted in two new colonies:
• New Brunswick formed from a part of Nova Scotia
• Quebec was split into Lower Canada (now Quebec) and Upper Canada (now Ontario)
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Tory Refugees
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Many kinds of Loyalists
• Neutral: tormented, chose to side w/ Britain• Various nationalities: protect special customs
& traditions• Loyal to British monarchy: feared children
would be forced to accept democratic ideas; left to protect way of life
• Slaves: went w/ owners. Others, Britain offered their freedom if they sided with them. Became Loyalists to gain their freedom.
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Many kinds of Loyalists cont’d• Iroquois: fought along side the British; feared
Americans taken over their lands more so than the British.
• Various religions: feared the lose of their religion; wanted Britain’s protection
• Recruiters: deals offered to settlers• Temporary: not leaving country forever• Side with the probable winners: either voice your
support for Loyalists or you are seen as a Patriot.• British government workers & regiments: no
choice but to flee
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Where the Loyalists Went
• Quebec: travelled by land (1776-1785)
• Nova Scotia: travelled by sea
• By 1785, nearly 100,000 Loyalists left the United States
• 40,000- 45000 British NA
• 34,000 Nova Scotia
• 7000 QE
• Others to Britain and West Indies
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Quebec• Treaty of Paris: to stop Seven Year’s War• QE British owned; BUT majority French-speaking
population. • Loyalists moved to QE because they knew the
British government would protect them• After all, they risked their lives & lost their homes
fighting for Britain• Loyalists were given land and supplies by
government to start a new life• Relocated to a place where political beliefs were
accepted
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African American Population• Britain offered land and freedom to African
Americans• Given smaller and poorer quality portions of land • Located in separate communities and on edges of
towns• Not always welcomed and often faced
discrimination• Many did not stay