chapter 6 the yebilla urr trail: linking hikers to the … 6 the yebilla urr trail: linking hikers...

CHAPTER 6

The Yurrebilla Trail:Linking hikers to the heritage

of the Adelaide HillsRebecca Brown and Anna M. Rebus

ith rolling countryside, steep gorges and native bushland, the Adelaide Hills provide anWimpressive backdrop to urban Adelaide. Linking national parks of the Adelaide Hills, the

Yurrebilla Trail celebrates a landscape with areas of great natural beauty and heritage as well as

spectacular views and special places of interest.

Starting at Belair Railway Station and ending at Athelstone on the River Torrens, the Yurrebilla

trail is 54 kilometres long and traverses Adelaide’s central hills face. With stories of settlement

history and conservation, scenic vistas, heritage sites and peaceful natural environments along the

way, it provides hikers with an opportunity to experience a range of short walks or a more intense

three-day bushwalking experience.

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THE POINT OF DIFFERENCE

There are many trails in the Adelaide Hills, and there are numerous long distance trails around

Australia. So what makes the Yurrebilla Trail different? From the visitors’ perspective, the feature

that sets the Yurrebilla Trail apart from other long distance trails is its accessibility to a

metropolitan centre and the thoughtful interpretation provided in a detailed guidebook and suite of

signs. From a planning and recreation perspective it represents the extensive collaboration of many

organisations and agencies.

The Yurrebilla Trail traverses Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH) managed lands

and other publicly managed and private lands. The shared land tenure in a way mirrors the shared

vision and work by many different groups of people. While it is a project owned by DEH, the

Yurrebilla Trail is the result of a large-scale collaborative effort including Flinders University, the

South Australian Tourism Commission, the Office for Recreation and Sport, Department for

Correctional Services and Walking SA.

THE ORIGINS OF THE PROJECT

In 1998, DEH decided to develop Morialta Conservation Park as Adelaide’s premier walking

location. This involved the rationalisation of trails that had evolved over the years and

redevelopment of lookouts, fencing and signs to reflect the spectacular bushland setting of the park.

This was not done without regard for the wider context. The Mount Lofty Ranges ‘Super Park’

concept was part of a 1997 government initiative and as part of this mooted regional integration of

open space, a trail connecting all of the central Mount Lofty Ranges parks was proposed.

It was suggested that the trail traverse some of South Australia’s most interesting and

spectacular landscapes and interpret the natural and cultural heritage of the area. The vision also

described a high-class bushwalking experience that connected into a range of tourism opportunities

along the way.

THE NAMING OF THE TRAIL

Originally the long distance trail across the Mount Lofty Ranges was to be called the Federation

Trail. However in 1999 this name was adopted for a long trail between Murray Bridge and

Springton in the Barossa Valley and was no longer a possible name for the DEH trail. In a search for

another meaningful name, the Kaurna word Yurrebilla was considered in recognition of the original

people of the Adelaide area, and as an effort towards reconciliation. Yurrebilla refers to the Mount

Lofty landscape and its story of creation.

At the time, the name Yurrebilla was a word being considered for the colloquially named ‘super

park’ – the integrated regional parklands of the Mount Lofty Ranges that would oversee broad scale

management across land tenure. Discussions in 2000 with the then representative Kaurna group,

Kaurna Meyunna, led to endorsement for the use of the name Yurrebilla for the Parklands and the

The Yurrebilla Trail 95

long distance trail that would traverse the spine of the Mount Lofty Ranges. The Yurrebilla Trail was

earmarked to become the tangible trademark of the parklands concept.

TOWARDS RECONCILIATION

The Hills Face Zone and the Adelaide Plains are recognised as the traditional country of the Kaurna

people, and the Peramangk are the traditional people of the Adelaide Hills (Tindale 1928). The

Yurrebilla Trail falls within the Hills Face Zone and the interpretive content was to concentrate on

Kaurna heritage.

Indigenous interpretation is considered an essential and important component of the heritage

along the Yurrebilla Trail. The interpretation featured along the trail was to integrate indigenous,

settlement and contemporary stories, giving equal emphasis to each.

DEH is respectful of the sensitivity of communicating cultural stories and the importance of

indigenous groups having control over their intellectual and cultural property. In 2003, broader

issues emerged about communicating the meaning and story of Yurrebilla. Consequently, the signs

and publications produced as part of this project acknowledge Kaurna as the traditional people of

the area and quote with permission from Kaurna people, however specific cultural details have not

been included. A commitment was made to collaboratively develop a future publication on Kaurna

culture and history for the Yurrebilla Trail.

Figure 6.2Mount Bonython and Mount Lofty are central features along the Yurrebilla Trail and this isreflected in the naming of the trail.

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BENEFITTING PEOPLEAND PLACES

The Yurrebilla Trail is more than just a

bushwalking experience. It is envisaged that it

will have multiple benefits not only to those

that walk the trail, but also to those who

provide services in the area, and it is hoped that

it will contribute to a range of intangible social

and health benefits.

Environmental benefits• interpretive opportunities to share natural and

cultural heritage

Figure 6.3Hikers enjoy a break along the trail

• increase awareness of conservation issues and programs• contribute to environment action and advocacy

Social benefits• healthy active community• recreation opportunities for families and friends, and groups• physical activity and relaxation• opportunities to improve understanding of Indigenous heritage and issues

Economic benefits• accommodation along and near the trail• package transport deals• public transport• food and wine packages; commercial opportunities for Kaurna people

WHO WILL USE THE TRAIL?

The Yurrebilla Trail Feasibility Report (2001) investigated the potential for use and the type of people

most likely to use the trail. The Report explains that a significant motivation for visitors who come

to South Australia is the opportunity to be exposed to our culture, natural places and accessible

wildlife. Similarly, South Australians seek to explore areas of natural beauty and cultural

significance that enrich their lives. Bushwalking has become a popular way to satisfy these demands

and the Mount Lofty Ranges, on Adelaide’s doorstep, is an ideal location to develop such

experiences.

International tourism was identified in the Yurrebilla Trail Feasibility Report (2001) as a target

market as visitation had increased by 12% to 350 000 in the 99/00 financial year. It was also noted

that 50% of this group cite nature-related features as major factors influencing their decision to

come and 23% visited a national park during their stay.

42% of international visitors to South Australia visit the Adelaide Hills region and 29%

are classified as ‘backpackers’, meaning that they have stayed in a hostel at some point in


their Australian stay.

Domestic tourism

comparatively is a much larger

group. The Yurrebilla Trail

Feasibility Report (2001) cites

850,000 holiday visitors to

Adelaide and Hills areas and

around 16% of these participate in

bushwalking or visiting national

parks. It was noted that is below

the national average (22%) and

there is considerable room for

development.

In 2000, South Australia had a

relatively strong market position

in relation to wine/food, heritage

and events, but was looking to

develop its position in the nature-

based sector

(SATC Marketing Plan 1999-2000).

Other States, particularly

Western Australia, Victoria,

Northern Territory and Tasmania

have developed and marketed high

profile walking opportunities over the past decade as part of their nature-based profile. The

Yurrebilla Trail, located close to Adelaide and the Hills facilities with its preferable outdoor climate,

will provide a highly competitive product and add significantly to the development of South

Australia’s nature-based profile (Yurrebilla Trail Feasibility Report, 2001).

The local recreation sector mostly uses the trail for interest, learning, exercise and socialising.

They can be segmented as such:• Small social group; 18-30s, over 55s;• Small family groups with primary school-aged children;• Interest groups; bushwalking, wine, photography, bird watching;• Education, soft adventure groups; schools, scouts.

According to the Feasibility Report, some 59% of Adelaide and Hills residents walk regularly,

with 42% of these walking at least once a week and another 42% walking at least once a month.

Figure 6.4Map of the Yurrebilla Trail

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PLANNING THE TRAIL

With the vision and objectives in place, the

detailed planning of the trail began with the

priority of finalising the trail route. The route

was selected for natural beauty and interest,

views, diverse environments, places of cultural

significance, trail gradient, connection to

tourism opportunities and places of interest. It

was a priority that the trail could be walked in

three days in its entirety, or in half-day

sections. Five sectors were planned with

trailheads placed at points close to

transportation links and services.

Several public risk considerations

influenced the location of the trail including

the need to avoid locating the trail along

Figure 6.5The Yurrebilla Trail marker with its distinctivegum leaf graphic.

roadsides. The trail traverses public and private land and this involved much negotiation and

agreement between the various public and private landholders including the managers of Waite

Conservation Reserve and Carrick Hill. Representatives of Walking SA provided specialist advice on

the route design. With the establishment of the final route, the planning team addressed

infrastructure, services and the physical trail construction of the trail.

Infrastructure along the trail was guided by a concept plan that identified locations for major

and minor trailheads. The trailhead signs feature orientation information including trail

descriptions, maps and bushwalking safety notes. Trail markers were planned to occur every 500

metres along the trail and at locations of interpretive interest. The trail markers would be labelled

with the distance to and from the trail terminus. This enabled specific locations to be pinpointed

along the trail where interpretive content could be provided in the guidebook.

Camping is not permitted in metropolitan parks and if hikers chose to walk the trail in its

entirety then it was important to ensure a range of accommodation from backpacker hostels to bed

and breakfast and hotel accommodation was available. Heritage and regional attractions would also

be featured as linkages from the trail, including places such as the Mount Lofty Botanic Gardens,

Carrick Hill and Mount Lofty Summit.

The trailheads are located on or within a short distance of bus routes so hikers can plan return

loops along the linear trail. Provisions for car parking are made at many of the trailheads.

Major funding and support was achieved through the presentation of the Feasibility Report. While

DEH provided substantial base funding, the majority of the resources to construct the trail and its

infrastructure came from the Office for Recreation and Sport over a period of three years.


BUILDING THE TRAIL

Construction of new sections of trail and repair

of the existing network occurred in sectors.

While a work crew was undertaking the

physical work in one area, final details for

another area were being resolved. A major

hurdle in addressing such details was the

pedestrian crossing at the new South Eastern

Freeway. The original concept was to traverse

the newly acquired Eagle Mountain Bike Park

and cross over the Heysen Tunnels. Resolving

issues that blended downhill mountain bike

racing and bushwalking eventually eliminated

Figure 6.6The Youth Hostel in Cleland ConservationPark is easily accessed from the trail.

this option. Geographic issues of steep hills and massive blackberry infestation and seasonally

flooding creeks also severely limited options for trail placement.

An alternative solution was eventually reached by utilising an undeveloped road reserve to link

Cleland Conservation Park to the Waite Conservation Reserve. This was a great opportunity to

include the heritage of Carrick Hill, as well as landscapes and plant associations that were not well

represented along the trail, including grey-box woodland, very old river red gums dotted through

the Waite Conservation Reserve, and the impressive blue gums and open grasslands areas of

Springwood Park.

Phytophthora cinnamoni is a water borne pathogen that causes plant roots to die. It is a particular

Figure 6.7Hiking in Waite Conservation Reserve

Figure 6.8All hikers are asked to use the Phytophthorahygiene stations to help prevent the spreadof the disease.

100 Valleys of Stone

problem in stringybark associations in high rainfall areas. It can be carried from one area to

another by foot and is considered a serious threat to native vegetation. The trail planners entirely

avoided areas affected with Phytophthora and undertook soil testing in susceptible areas. Hygiene

stations are located at the beginning and end of each trail sector for hikers to use to brush soil

from their footwear.

The original trail concept involved approximately 20 km of new trail construction through

conservation reserves and the Hills Face Zone. The planning team considered that constructing

new trails would significantly scar undeveloped areas of the Hills Face Zone. The best possible

option was to use existing trails that offered opportunities and features of relative significance and

invest resources into upgrading trail surfaces.

The Yurrebilla Trail Feasibility Report (2001) states that an Australian Standards Trail

Classification 3 should be assigned to the Yurrebilla Trail in order to market and manage it to a

high standard. A Classification 3 trail has a highly modified surface with less than a 1 in 10 grade.

While ideal in theory, the terrain of the Adelaide Hills combined with the financial and

environmental restrictions associated with constructing extensive new trail sections meant that the

Yurrebilla Trail would include a mix of Moderate Hikes and Hard Hikes.

Criteria for Trail Classification

Class Class 3 Moderate Hike Class 4 Hard Hike

Trail Generally a modified surface, sections Generally distinct trail withoutconditions may be hardened. Kept mostly clear of major modification to the ground.

intrusions and obstacles. Encounters with fallen debris andother obstacles are likely.

Gradient Gradient may exceed 1:10 for short Gradient limited to environmentalsections but generally no steeper than and maintenance considerations.1:10. Steps may be common.

Adapted from Australian Standards 2156.1. Walking Tracks – Part 1: Classification & Signage

THE TRAIL WORKFORCE

A partnership agreement between the Department of Correctional Services and DEH provided the

construction workforce for the trail. Over a period of two years a team of six participants from the

Adelaide Pre-release Centre along with a custodial officer were responsible for much of the physical

construction of new trail and the upgrade of existing trails. Participants volunteered for the project

and stayed for varying periods from weeks to months. Participants learned skills and trained in

areas such as safe operation and maintenance of chainsaws and brush cutters as well as other small

plant and equipment, weed control methods including safe use of herbicides, stone walling and

basic landscape principles. The program’s focus was also to prepare inmates for their integration

into the community and workforce after release.


SPREADING THE WORD

Once the physical trail was completed, marked and opened for use, DEH needed to let the public

know about this new bushwalking opportunity. Led by the Office for Recreation and Sport, Trails

SA is an initiative that involves representatives from state government, local government and

recreation organisations to promote a network of quality trails. The Yurrebilla Trail was identified

as one of the ‘top five trails’, together with the Heysen Trail and Riesling Trail. The Heysen Trail was

established in 1976. The Yurrebilla Trail joins the Heysen Trail between Mount Lofty and Third

Falls in Morialta Conservation Park. A connection to the Heysen Trail was considered important

from a marketing perspective, given the recognition of the Heysen Trail within the recreation

industry.

The Yurrebilla Trail is promoted on the Trails SA website www.southaustraliantrails.com and

in the publication South Australian Trails which features the best bushwalks around the state. It also

has its own website www.environment.sa.gov.au/parks/yurrebilla which is an important pre-visit

tool for hikers. It contains updated trail information, hiking tips and links to sites that will help

hikers plan their trip. The website also connects hikers to the main DEH website; people can

explore the site and learn about conservation efforts being undertaken in the state.

THE FLINDERS UNIVERSITY HILLS FACE ZONE PROJECT

DEH became an industry partner to the Flinders University Hills Face Zone Project in 2001. DEH

financially contributed to the project in return for use of archaeological research undertaken as part

of the project, and also received extensive assistance from cultural tourism academics and students

to develop interpretive materials for the Yurrebilla Trail.

Of particular note is a report produced by two Cultural Tourism students who identified ways to

incorporate places along the Yurrebilla Trail into the fabric of the bushwalking experience. The

students developed the ‘cultural corridors’ concept. The Cultural Corridors of the Yurrebilla Trail

would be trail spurs that linked hikers to cultural experiences on or near the trail including places

such as Carrick Hill, Waite Arboretum, local wineries, Norton Summit and Crafers. Some of the

ideas around cultural corridors would later find their way into the guidebook although the phrase

itself was not used.

THE INTERPRETIVE APPROACH

There are countless stories that can be told along the Yurrebilla Trail. From the notorious

reputation of the tiersmen to the determination of the early pioneer women hauling produce from

hills gardens to city markets, the triumphs and tribulations of early settlers are revealed in the place

names, ruins, roads and built heritage of the Adelaide Hills. The Indigenous connection to this area

is reflected in historic seasonal pathways, Creation stories and place names.

The Department for Environment and Heritage uses interpretation to tell the stories of the


Adelaide Hills. Interpretation, as defined by the Interpretation

Australia Association, is a ‘means of communicating ideas and

feelings which help people understand more about themselves and

their environment’.

Interpretation developed by DEH presents information that

(ideally) fosters in people a deeper and more meaningful connection

to what is being experienced. Interpretation is not simply about

presenting information on

the Adelaide Hills as a series of facts; it is about presenting the

stories of the people and places that have helped to shape the

modern landscape. In the case of the Yurrebilla Trail, interpretation

has included the development of Yurrebilla Trail – A Hiker’s

Guide and the installation of nine interpretive signs along the

trail.

The guidebook and signs use anecdotes, historic images and

writings, along with modern observations to create a sense of the

past, present and future in the Adelaide Hills. Through

Figure 6.9Cover of Yurrebilla Trail –A Hiker’s Guide

interpretation, the natural and cultural environments of the past are revealed and a sense of

continuity between past actions and future directions is cultivated. This is especially significant as

increasing development puts pressure on remaining stands of remnant forest and heathland habitats.

Messages of conservation and protection are therefore key throughout the guidebook and signs.

Interpretation is an essential part of DEH’s strategy for communicating with visitors. DEH’s

interpretive approach is based in part on the six principles of interpretation developed by Freeman

Tilden (1957). Tilden states that ‘the chief aim of interpretation is not instruction, but provocation’.

He also states that ‘information, as such, is not interpretation. Interpretation is revelation based

upon information’. Revelation does not usually come in the form of a person having an ah-ha!

moment while in the midst of a new experience. Revelation may take place weeks or years later as a

person connects the ideas, feelings and memories of a past experience to the new experience they

are having. DEH recognises that the experiences a hiker has while walking the Yurrebilla Trail may

affect their attitudes, feelings and beliefs about the cultural and natural environment now and in

the future.

As Ham and Weiler (2001) describe:

… interpretation influences not only what people know and do on-site, but potentially what visitors come to believeabout the area, about the importance of the resources being protected and the strategies being used to protect them,and even about conservation globally.

By telling of the history, heritage, conservation and environmental issues facing the Adelaide Hills,

it is hoped that hikers will feel a connection to this land and a desire to protect it.


THE INTERPRETIVE FRAMEWORK

The objective for the Yurrebilla Trail interpretation is based on the relationship between past,

present and future in relation to natural and cultural heritage and conservation.• Cultural Heritage – Past/Present• Natural Heritage – Past/Present• Conservation – Present/Future

The objective for Yurrebilla Trail interpretation is:

To improve visitors’ appreciation of the natural and cultural heritage of the Mount Lofty Ranges and the conservationissues it’s facing, and to inspire positive action and hope for its future protection.

Ham and Weiler (2003) have developed an approach to communication that suggests

interpretation must be enjoyable, relevant, organized and thematic. They emphasise the use of

themes in interpretation. The Department for Environment and Heritage has used this approach to

support the development of the guidebook and the interpretive signs along the Yurrebilla Trail. The

primary theme for the Yurrebilla Trail stems from the objective. The primary theme governs the

interpretation development for the trail:

The natural and cultural heritage of the Mount Lofty Ranges helps us understand our environment to act to conserve itfor the future.

Within the primary theme are sub-themes. Each sector of the trail offers hikers a different

experience through changing environments, habitats and cultural landscapes. Sub-themes were

written for each sector of the trail that reflected these diverse landscapes and experiences. Each sub-

theme relates to the primary visitor and secondary market group. Both the tourist and the

recreation markets are considered. The following sub-themes in the Thematic Matrix flavour each

sector of the trail and provided a foundation for interpretive research.

Sector Belair to Eagle on the Hill Eagle on the Hill to Summertown

Flavour Cultural heritage Uniquely South Australian

Primary Local eco-recreation International and interstate eco-tourismvisitor market

Secondary International and interstate eco-tourism Local eco-recreationvisitor market

Sub-theme Built heritage and special places tell storiesstatement of early settlement and reflect the lifestyle

and values of the time. Whilst the culturalformation of Adelaide is an infusion ofmany influences, the early English andEuropean colonial experience dominatesthis sector and challenges our perceptionsof determination, opportunity, environmentand home.

The Mount Lofty Ranges showcase some of thethings that are uniquely South Australian. Withthe rapid growth of global communications andinternational travel, the people of the world arebecoming less culturally and ideologicallydiverse. A re-emerging Aboriginal culture, theculture of Adelaide and the endemic wildlifeand natural environment are part of the uniqueidentity and character of South Australia.


Sector Summertown to Norton Summit Norton Summit to Morialta

Flavour Intensive land use Natural heritage

Primary Local eco-recreation Local eco-recreationvisitor market

Secondary International and interstate eco-tourism International and interstate eco-tourismvisitor market

Sub-theme The fertile soils, cool climate and reliablestatement rainfall of the Mount Lofty Ranges provided

the perfect nursery for a thriving timberindustry for the formative city below.The Ranges also support market gardensand orchards established in the midnineteenth century. The range of producehas diversified with new ethnic groups andoverseas markets opening up to our clean,fresh produce.

Sector Morialta to River Torrens

Flavour People and the landscape

Primary Local eco-recreationvisitor market

Secondary International and interstate eco-tourismvisitor market

Sub-theme Here you can see suburban Adelaide encroaching on the Adelaide Hills. The people ofstatement Adelaide have an important role to manage human impacts on the biological diversity of the

Mount Lofty Ranges.

The Thematic Matrix – Yurrebilla Trail Interpretation Framework 2001

Steep slopes, inaccessible gorges, waterways,waterfalls, peaks, ridgelines and exposedescarpments have discouraged land uses suchas agriculture, grazing, timber felling and theincessant creep of housing developments. Thishas resulted in areas of eucalyptus forestsremaining largely undisturbed, now protectedby National Parks and Wildlife SA.

Figure 6.10The Yurrebilla TrailBushwalking Map

BUSHWALKING MAP AND GUIDEBOOK

A three-layered approach to orientation and interpretation was

recommended in the Yurrebilla Trail Interpretation Framework

(2001). The first layer would provide all visitors with the ability to

orientate themselves easily and safely. This included trailheads,

trail markers, directional signs and maps.

The second layer would provide a more detailed layer to the

first and included a Yurrebilla Trail Guidebook containing

information about transport, accommodation, cafes and local

tourism attractions. The guidebook would provide a rich layer of

concepts, stories and ideas through photographs, illustrations

and interpretive text. This layer also included some interpretive

signs at keys sites along the trail.

The third layer would be an even more detailed overlay


designed specifically for education groups, tourism operators and locals.

This layered approach was adopted and the first layer was implemented in 2003 with the

installation of trailhead signs and trail markers. The Yurrebilla Trail Bushwalking Map was

produced to coincide with the official launch of the Yurrebilla Trail in September 2003.

Implementation of the second layer began in 2004 as the research for Yurrebilla Trail – A Hiker’s

Guide began. The original intention was to keep the bushwalking map and the hiking guide as two

separate publications. However, as research progressed, it was decided that a single guidebook,

incorporating a map and interpretive information, would be an easier product for hikers to use.

Incorporating the map into the new guidebook allowed it to be updated and produced in the

style of the Heysen Trail maps. Released in late 2005, Yurrebilla Trail – A Hiker’s Guide supersedes the

bushwalking map and provides hikers with an easy to use, inclusive, pocket-sized product. With the

installation of nine interpretive signs along the trail, the second layer of the orientation and

interpretation approach was complete.

RESEARCHING Yurrebilla Trail – A Hiker’s Guide

Numerous agencies and organisations were contacted for their input on the contents of the

guidebook including the Urban Forest Biodiversity Project, Bush for Birds, Heritage SA, members of

Figure 6.11Historic photographs reveal early life in the Adelaide Hills. This is a photograph of the Simpsonfamily on a picnic in Belair National Park, c. 1899.

Reproduced courtesy of the State Library of South Australia SLSA:B 189384


the local Kaurna community and the South Australian Museum. Individuals from the South

Australian Tourism Commission, Flinders University and the Office for Recreation and Sport

(among others) also commented on draft editions of the guidebook.

The concepts and ideas generated in the Thematic Matrix (discussed earlier) were refined and

edited into messages that introduced hikers to each sector of the trail. The development of a

specific message for each sector provided a focus for writing and allowed an overarching

storyline to emerge.

The research and writing of Yurrebilla Trail – A Hiker’s Guide was completed by DEH staff and

supported by extensive research undertaken by Flinders University staff and students of cultural

tourism and archaeology. Student research included detailed ‘inventories’ of places and sites of

heritage significance. Potentials for interpretation and development of cultural tourism were

considered and recommendations made. Students also made use of historic images and modern

photos to reveal the changing landscapes through time. As mentioned earlier, the concept of

‘cultural corridors’ surrounding the Yurrebilla Trail emerged. Research by DEH and Flinders

University revealed the history of known sites and also uncovered little known or long-forgotten

sites, stories and historic ‘personalities’. Of great importance to the overall look and feel of the

guidebook was the use of historic images procured through the State Library of South Australia.

These images offer a glimpse into the natural and cultural landscapes of the past.

The idea behind the development of Yurrebilla Trail – A Hiker’s Guide is that each sector of the

trail has a different flavour and that each corresponding section of the guidebook offers hikers a

taste of what makes the Adelaide Hills such a special place. The stories of the people and places of

the Adelaide Hills were too numerous to fit into the confines of a pocket-sized guidebook.

Therefore, the contents had to be carefully selected and edited. The content for each section of the

guidebook was derived from an understanding of who might walk each sector of the trail. For

example, it was noted that Sector 2, Eagle on the Hill to Summertown, might appeal to an

international audience. As a result, distinctly Australian or South Australian features along this

Discover Indigenousand early Europeanhistory and how ithas shaped localcommunities and

places.

Celebrate the naturaland cultural heritagethat is uniquely SouthAustralian and visitlandmarks such asMount Lofty and

Cleland Wildlife Park.

Learn about thechanges in land use

since the early ‘toilers’of the hills set up

orchards and marketgardens to thesustainable land

management practicesthat are being

encouraged today.

Discover new storiesof the formation of

this steep andinaccessible landscape

and how thisinfluenced land use

over time.

Witness thepressures on the

remaining areas ofnative vegetation

and parks and learnhow you can

protect this areafor future

generations.

Sector Belair to Eagle Eagle on the Hill Summertown to Norton Summit Morialta toon the Hill to Summertown Norton Summit to Morialta River Torrens

Title Cultures in Celebrating the spirit Living with Landscapes in Living onthe making of South Australia the land the making the fringe

Message


sector of the trail are highlighted. This includes Cleland Wildlife Park, which offers visitors close-up

encounters with Australian wildlife. The paragraph on Cleland Wildlife Park includes a picture of a

Yellow-footed Rock Wallaby. While this species is not found in the Adelaide Hills, it is found in

South Australia and is a symbol for a declining species that is making a comeback due to

conservation efforts. In the second sector, the Yurrebilla Trail joins with the Heysen Trail. The

opportunity is taken to discuss the trail and the artistic achievements of German-born, South

Australian-raised Hans Heysen, for whom the trail is named. Hikers also read about South

Australia’s state emblems, dry climate, water catchment areas and wildlife.

The structure of the guidebook includes introductory pages that briefly discuss issues of safety,

trail conditions, phytophthora and seasonal trail highlights. A reference chart outlining distance,

estimated hiking time, accommodation and attractions along the trail helps hikers prepare for their

excursion (see table below). A quick discussion on the history of Adelaide and Hills is followed by

lengthier chapters dedicated to each sector of the trail. A listing of organisations, references,

contact details and web links at the back of the guidebook allows hikers to delve more fully into the

stories that pique their interest. The ‘species identifier’ section encourages hikers to identify a

variety of bird, tree and wildflower species that they might come across as they walk the trail. A

detailed foldout map at the back of the guidebook helps to keep hikers on the right track.

As the trail passes through significant park areas and stands of important remnant vegetation

and habitat, it was essential that a message of conservation be conveyed. Hikers walk through tracts

of grey box woodlands, river red gums and blue gums that provide habitat for rare and endangered


Time (one way) 6 hours 3 hours 3.5 hours 2.5 hours 5 hours

Distance 17.5 km 7 km 9 km 7.5 km 13 km(one way)

Classification Hard Hike Moderate Hike Hard Hike Moderate Hike Hard Hike

Accommodation Caravan Park Resort/Motel Bed and Self-contained Bed andoptions Bed and Bed and breakfast accommodation breakfast

breakfast breakfast Self-contained Bed andYouth Hostel accommodation breakfast

Youth Hostel

Other places Old Government Cleland Wildlife Summertown, Rostrevor College Athelstoneto visit from House, State Flora Park, Waterfall Uraidla, First Falls Wildflowerthe Trail Plant Nursery, Gully, Mount Lofty Norton Summit Valley Walk Garden,

Carrick Hill, Summit, Mount Museum, Norton River TorrensCity of Mitcham, Lofty Botanic Summit Cemetery, Linear ParkWaite Arboretum Gardens Adelaide Hills

Urrbrae House and Natural ResourceRose Garden, Waite Centre,

Walking Trail Norton Summit

Reference chart for planning a hike on the Yurrebilla Trail


species including the yellow-tailed black cockatoo, Mount Lofty Ranges southern emu-wren and the

southern spiny-tailed gecko. Part of the interpretive process encourages people to recognize what is

familiar to them, such as specific flora and fauna species, and then begin to experience the

unfamiliar within a new frame of reference. Conveying a message of conservation through

interpretation is therefore about connecting people to the familiar urban backdrop of the Adelaide

Hills and introducing or reminding people of the natural and cultural heritage significance

contained within.

It is important to conclude this section by again acknowledging that the interpretation found in

the guidebook is naturally limited by the physical size of the publication. As a pocket-sized book,

Yurrebilla Trail – A Hiker’s Guide must contain information that will allow hikers to navigate their

way along the trail and at the same time provide them with interesting and thought-provoking

stories. Stories are limited to between one and three short paragraphs. The use of historic and

modern photographs helps these short paragraphs speak volumes. If hikers would like more

information, they can seek it out using the reference section provided at the back of the guidebook.

Figure 6.12The culture of conservationKaurna people developed ways of using their country with minimal impact on the flora and fauna.Early European settlers cleared the land for farming and changed much of the landscape forever. A few patchesof remnant vegetation still remain. Today many organizations are working hard to protect native bushland andcultural heritage. You might be able to see some of the efforts of local conservation groups – watch for areasof weed removal and new plantings. If you live in Adelaide or the surrounding area, you can participate byjoining a local ‘Friends’ conservation group.

Excerpt from Yurrebilla Trail – A Hiker’s Guide, p. 21



Sign title

Sign location

Storyline

Sign title Birds of the The Tiers Fire – nature’s Black HillMount Lofty regenerator Conservation

Ranges Park

Sign location

Storyline

INTERPRETIVE SIGNS

The interpretive signs for the Yurrebilla

Trail were designed to complement

information contained within the

guidebook. However, casual walkers not

utilising the guidebook will also find the

signs informative and revealing.

Nine interpretive signs were produced.

While it is important to inform hikers of

interesting and unusual features along the

trail, it is also important not to ‘over-

interpret’ an area. It was decided that

signs would highlight key features and

environmental messages along the trail.

Grey BoxWoodland

Mount BarkerRoad

Giles Ruins MorialtaBarns

MorialtaConservation

Park

Waite ConservationReserve nearCarrick Hill

Near MountBarker Road –

inside the ClelandConservationPark boundary

Giles ruins inHorsnell GullyConservation

Park

Morialta Barnsjust off Colonial

Drive

MorialtaConservation

Park near DeepView Lookout

Once the dominantwoodland through-out the AdelaideHills. Today it isan endangered

ecosystem.

Early settlerstravelled this road

hauling timber,and goods fromthe hills to the

Adelaide markets.

Charles Gilestrained in Devon,

England as ahorticulturalist,

one of the state’searliest pioneer

gardeners.

Once part of theresidence calledMorialta House,

built by John Bakerin 1847.

The dramatictopography of

the Mount LoftyRanges is the

result of blockfaulting, upliftand erosion.

Belair NationalPark where theWorkanda Track

crosses theWorkanda Creek

Near WineShanty Track –

ClelandConservation

Park

At the south endof Morialta

ConservationPark nearThird Falls

Near BlackHill Summit

Twelve species ofbirds in theMount Lofty

Ranges are listedas either

endangered orvulnerable.

The men whoworked in thisarea cuttingwood for

fences, carts anddrays, roof

shingles andfuel, were called

tiersmen.

The ecosystems ofthe Mount Lofty

Ranges rely on fireas part of theirregeneration

process.

Black HillConservation

Park supports adiversity of native

flora and fauna,including rare and

vulnerablespecies.

Figure 6.13One of the interpretive signs along the trail,titled ‘Fire – nature’s regenerator’.

SOURCE Image SLSA:B 7794/20Courtesy of the State Library of South Australia


PRODUCT AND SERVICES GUIDE

Further to the partnership process in the development and

promotion of the Yurrebilla Trail, the South Australian

Tourism Commission (SATC) has produced the Yurrebilla

Trail Product and Services Guide. This guide encourages

hikers to extend their bushwalking experience and explore

accommodation, dining and services located on or near the

trail. Part of the development process has been encouraging

local businesses to become ‘walker-friendly’ establishments.

Tourism is a vital means of income for many Adelaide Hills

communities and businesses are sure to benefit from

increased foot traffic in the area.

Designed to complement the Hiker’s Guide, the

development of SATC’s Product and Services Guide allows

hikers to experience the Yurrebilla Trail as a complete

tourism product. It also represents a significant and lengthy collaborative effort between the

Department for Environment and Heritage and the South Australian Tourism Commission.

ACHIEVING THE VISION

The Yurrebilla Trail project is still in early evaluative stages. It has only been established complete

with interpretation products for a short time and it is only possible to make arbitrary conclusions

without any qualitative or quantitative data to analyse. The vision for the project stated in the

Feasibility Report (2001) is a high reaching aspiration, as most visions are designed to be. After

more investment in the trail and several years, it will be possible to determine the significance of the

Yurrebilla Trail as a bushwalking experience and place of excellent natural and cultural

interpretation.

Reflecting on the original objectives outlined in the Feasibility Report (2001) we can confirm

several of the outcomes and achievements for the Yurrebilla Trail.• The Yurrebilla Trail links the major parks of the Mount Lofty Ranges, however the Greater Mount

Lofty Parklands concept is no longer as relevant as it was in 2001. The trail interpretation focuses onlandscape conservation rather than the ‘super park’.

• The interpretive signs and guidebook provide opportunities for awareness, understanding andappreciation of the Mount Lofty Ranges, but without formal evaluation it is not clear what impact theinterpretive content has on hikers.

• Through the South Australian Tourism Commission, relationships have been developed with serviceproviders along the trail route. It is hoped that these businesses will economically benefit fromsustainable tourism opportunities provided by trail users through the production of theYurrebilla Trail Product and Services Guide.

Figure 6.14The Yurrebilla Trail Product andServices Guide


• In terms of an ecotourism facility, the Yurrebilla Trail has a relatively low environmental impact, itaims to benefit the public socially as well as contribute to the sustainable economic regional base.It requires private operators to take it on as an ecotourism product in order for it to be trulypromoted as such.

• The Yurrebilla Trail, together with the regional trails network, provides the people of Adelaide and theHills many chances for recreation and relaxation. As mentioned previously, the majority of localpeople are day walkers who prefer loop walks rather than linear trails (such as the Yurrebilla Trail).The regional network is essential to complete circuit loops and enable hikers to take advantage ofsections of the Yurrebilla Trail, thus encouraging more physical activity and promoting physical, socialand mental health benefits.

AIMING TO THE FUTURE

With the development of the trail, guidebook and interpretive signs, the first and second layers of

the orientation and interpretation approach for the Yurrebilla Trail is complete. The third layer calls

for the specific development of products and materials appropriate for education groups, tourism

operators and local communities. This layer is to be developed in 2006 and beyond. Achieving the

objectives for this layer will be an evolving process as the Department for Environment and

Heritage (along with other Yurrebilla Trail partners) works to appeal to new audiences, understand

the changing demands of tourists and local communities, and promote a culture of conservation.

Meeting these objectives is certainly possible given a progressive approach to interpretation and

product development supported by new and existing partnerships.

From an educational perspective, it is envisaged that school groups use the Yurrebilla Trail as a

tangible way to explore the history and heritage of the Adelaide Hills. This would be facilitated with

a teacher resource package designed to enrich the student’s trail experience.

Tourism operators have the potential to grow their business by linking their products into the

Yurrebilla Trail with the support of the South Australian Tourism Commission. Local communities

will benefit as more people discover all that the Adelaide Hills have to offer. From a commercial

standpoint, the development of guided themed tours is a logical next step as operators seek to meet

the demands of niche markets. This might include creating Yurrebilla Trail hiking tours based

around photography, art, history, food/wine, interpretation of Kaurna heritage and so forth. Areas

around Sheoak Road, Brownhill Creek Road, Mount Lofty, Norton Summit and Summertown also

have great potential to develop bed and breakfast accommodation that would be ‘walker-friendly’.

In the future, quantitative and qualitative evaluation must be completed to identify the different

types of people who walk the Yurrebilla Trail. Are hikers locals or interstate and international

visitors? Do people walk the trail in short sections or as a three-day hike? Which facilities along the

trail did the hikers utilise? Do people use green transport options to access the trail? The answers to

these and other questions will help to guide future development of tourism products, educational

programs, interpretive strategies and conservation efforts associated with the trail.


The Yurrebilla Trail is not an easy hike and it is only appropriate for individuals with at least a

moderate level of fitness. In some areas, the terrain is steep and rocky and may become more

difficult to access after a rainstorm. Currently, three out of five trail sectors are categorized as a

Class 4 Hard Hike. Changing these sectors into Class 3 Moderate Hike could not occur without major

unsustainable trail reconstruction. This level of trail modification would also cause considerable

disturbance to many environmentally sensitive areas. While intense trail modifications are not

realistic, some basic infrastructure upgrades, such as access to toilet facilities, will go towards

making the Yurrebilla Trail increasingly walker-friendly.

The development of the Yurrebilla Trail is a result of significant collaborative efforts between

the Department for Environment and Heritage, the South Australian Tourism Commission,

Flinders University, the Office for Recreation and Sport, the Department for Correctional Services,

Walking SA and many other individuals and agencies. The trail is meant to bring people closer to

the natural environment located so near to metropolitan Adelaide. Through interpretation, the

Department for Environment and Heritage has shared some of the stories of the people and places

of the Adelaide Hills that have helped to shape the modern landscape. The Yurrebilla Trail has

created a physical link between a number of Hills communities, protected areas and private land.

The Department for Environment and Heritage hopes that the Yurrebilla Trail creates in hikers an

emotional link to the natural and cultural heritage of the Adelaide Hills and fosters a desire to help

protect this area for generations to come.

REFERENCES

Australian Standards 2156.1. Walking Tracks – Part 1:Classification and Signage.

Department for Environment and Heritage. 2005 YurrebillaTrail – A Hiker’s Guide. Government of South Australia,Adelaide.

Department for Environment and Heritage. 2001 YurrebillaTrail Feasibility Report, unpublished document.Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide.

Department for Environment and Heritage. 2001 YurrebillaTrail (Belair to Black Hill) Draft InterpretationFramework. Government of South Australia, Adelaide.

Ham, S.H. and Weiler, B. 2003 Thematic Interpretation inSouth Australia. University of Idaho and MonashUniversity.

http://www.wildlifetourism.org.au/ppts/2003_ham_sam_thematic_interpretation.pdf

Ham, S.H. and Weiler, B. 2001 100,000 Beating Bird Hearts:Tourism, Wildlife and Interpretation. Keynote

Presentation – First National Conference on WildlifeTourism in Australia. Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

http://www.wildlifetourism.org.au/ppts/swtc_ham_sam_weiler_betty.pdf

South Australian Tourism Commission 1999-2000Marketing Plan. South Australian TourismCommission, Adelaide.

Bureau of Tourism Research Australia 1998 OccasionalPaper 25.

Market Equity 2001 NPWSA/SATC Community BasedResearch.

2000 Survey of Recreational Participation McGregor Tan.

Tilden, F. 1957 Interpreting Our Heritage. The University ofNorth Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Tindale, N.B. 1928 Notes on the Coastal tribes of theWestern Part of South Australia. (Incomplete).Unpublished manuscript. South Australian Museum,Adelaide.

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