chapter 7 application 7.1...

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CHAPTER 7

APPLICATION

7.1 INTRODUCTION

A comparison between the various proposed interference

management schemes discussed from Chapter 3 to Chapter 6 is presented

in this chapter. BER performance comparison of the various proposed

schemes under UWB channel models CM1, CM2, CM3 and CM4 are

presented. Comparison of the system capacity of the various proposed

schemes under UWB channel models CM1, CM2, CM3 and CM4 are

presented. Performances of all the proposed schemes are tested with

biomedical images of a patient as input under UWB channel model 4.

7.2 COMPARISON OF BER PERFORMANCE OF THE

VARIOUS PROPOSED SCHEMES

BER performance of the various proposed schemes are

compared for the same input and output parameters under UWB channel

models. Table 7.1 shows the simulation parameters.

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Table 7.1 Simulation parameters of TH PPM UWB for 100 users

Power level of users Constant power level 1P

Frame length 1000

Number of users 100

0NEb 2-12 dB

Type of the channel CM1/CM2/CM3/CM4

7.2.1 BER Performance of the Various Proposed Schemes Under

UWB Channel Model 1

Table 7.2 BER performance of the various proposed schemes under

UWB channel model 1

0NEb

(dB)

Proposed TH

PPM UWB

with m-ZCZ

(BER)

Proposed

TH PPM

UWB-MMSE

with m-ZCZ

(BER)

Proposed TH

PPM UWB

MMSE-LDPC

with m-ZCZ

(BER)

Proposed TH PPM

MIMO/UWB using

optimal SIC with

m-ZCZ

(BER)

2 0.1450 0.1340 0.1685 0.006

4 0.1060 0.1270 0.0610 0.003

6 0.0420 0.0840 0.006 0.0006

8 0.0180 0.0680 0 0.0002

10 0.004 0.0600 0 0

12 0.002 0.03 0 0

185


UWB Channel Model 2


UWB channel model 2

0NEb

(dB)

TH PPM UWB with

m-ZCZ (BER)

TH PPM UWB-MMSE

with m-ZCZ (BER)

TH PPM UWB

MMSE-LDPC with

m-ZCZ (BER)

TH PPM MIMO/UWB using optimal

SIC with m-ZCZ (BER)

2 0.1480 0.1300 0.1695 0.008

4 0.1120 0.1160 0.0790 0.005

6 0.060 0.110 0.02406 0.0007

8 0.022 0.0720 0.002 0.00025

10 0.008 0.0420 0 0

12 0.003 0.0350 0 0


UWB Channel Model 3


UWB channel model 3

0NEb

(dB)

TH PPM UWB

with m-ZCZ (BER)

TH PPM UWB-MMSE

with m-ZCZ (BER)

TH PPM UWB MMSE-

LDPC with m-ZCZ (BER)



2 0.1490 0.1470 0.1845 0.01

4 0.1140 0.1270 0.0865 0.008

6 0.0750 0.0970 0.035 0.001

8 0.0380 0.0780 0.005 0.0003

10 0.015 0.0590 0 5105

12 0.006 0.0390 0 0

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UWB Channel Model 4


UWB channel model 4

0NEb

(dB)

TH PPM UWB with

m-ZCZ (BER)

TH PPM UWB-

MMSE with m-ZCZ (BER)

TH PPM UWB MMSE-LDPC with m-ZCZ

(BER)



2 0.1450 0.1426 0.2290 0.028

4 0.1160 0.1380 0.0925 0.01

6 0.1020 0.1180 0.0410 0.003

8 0.0550 0.0950 0.0125 0.0005

10 0.030 0.0840 0.004 5107

12 0.008 0.0490 0 5101

From Tables 7.2 to 7.5, BER performance of the various

schemes under UWB channel model 1 for 100 users respectively is evident.

BER performance of the proposed scheme TH PPM UWB with m-ZCZ

shows a less BER than the TH PPM UWB with MMSE using m-ZCZ

scheme. This is due to the reason that the proposed system with m-ZCZ

sequences considers only background noise and does not consider MAI.

In MMSE based TH PPM UWB with m-ZCZ, the MAI cancellation is

done completely. In TH PPM UWB MMSE using LDPC codes with

m-ZCZ, the BER performance is better than the above said two schemes.

This is due to the reason that errors in the bits occurring in the channel are

corrected at the receiver side using LDPC codes. The proposed scheme TH

PPM MIMO/UWB based BAN with m-ZCZ sequences has obtained an

average BER improvement of 97.4% than the rest of the schemes for

187

dBNEb 8

0

under the four UWB channel models due to the increase in

diversity gain via MIMO (2×2) antennas.

7.3 COMPARISON OF SYSTEM CAPACITY OF THE

VARIOUS PROPOSED SCHEMES

7.3.1 System Capacity of the Various Proposed Schemes Under

UWB Channel Model 1

System capacity of the various proposed schemes are compared

for the same input and output parameters under UWB channel models.

Table 7.6 shows the simulation parameters. It is noted that, 0N

Eb value is

fixed to 4 dB and the number of users are varying from 10 to 50.

Table 7.6 Simulation parameters of TH PPM UWB for BdNEb 4

0

Power level of users Constant power level 1P

Frame length 1000

Number of users 10-50 users

Fixed 0N

Eb

4 dB

Type of the channel CM1/CM2/CM3/CM4

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Table 7.7 System capacity of the various proposed schemes under

UWB channel model 1

Number of Users

Proposed TH PPM

UWB with m-ZCZ (BER)

Proposed TH PPM UWB-MMSE with

m-ZCZ (BER)

Proposed TH PPM UWB

MMSE-LDPC with

m-ZCZ (BER)

Proposed THPPM

MIMO/UWB using optimal


10 0.0470 0.0490 0.0340 0.0006

20 0.0510 0.0510 0.0360 0.0008

30 0.0530 0.0550 0.0475 0.001

40 0.0550 0.0590 0.0500 0.002

50 0.0580 0.062 0.0510 0.0032

Table 7.7 shows the system capacity performance of the various

proposed schemes under UWB channel model 1 when dBNEb 4

0

is fixed

and the number of users vary from 10 to 50 users. In TH PPM UWB with

m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB MMSE with m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB MMSE-

LDPC with m-ZCZ and THPPM MIMO/UWB using optimal SIC with

m-ZCZ, as the number of users increase, BER increases. It is inferred from

Table 7.7 that when the number of users are 30, the BER of TH PPM UWB

with m-ZCZ, TH PPM MMSE with m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB MMSE-

LDPC and MIMO/UWB using optimal SIC with m-ZCZ are 0.0530,

0.0550, 0.0475 and 0.001 respectively.

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7.3.2 System Capacity of the Various Schemes Under UWB

Channel Model 2


UWB channel model 2

Number of Users

Proposed TH PPM UWB

with m-ZCZ (BER)


m-ZCZ (BER)

Proposed TH PPM UWB

MMSE-LDPC with m-ZCZ

(BER)

Proposed TH PPM

MIMO/UWB using optimal


10 0.0480 0.0790 0.0320 0.001

20 0.0530 0.0810 0.0380 0.002

30 0.0550 0.0850 0.0505 0.003

40 0.0580 0.0890 0.0540 0.004

50 0.0630 0.092 0.0535 0.006


proposed schemes under UWB channel model 2 when dBNEb 4

0

is fixed

and the number of users are varied from 10 to 50 users. In TH PPM UWB

with m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB MMSE with m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB

MMSE-LDPC with m-ZCZ and THPPM MIMO/UWB using optimal SIC

with m-ZCZ, as the number of users increase, BER increases. It is seen

from Table 7.8, that when the number of users are 30, the BER of TH PPM

UWB with m-ZCZ, THPPM MMSE with m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB MMSE-

LDPC and MIMO/UWB using optimal SIC with m-ZCZ are 0.0550,

0.0850, 0.0505 and 0.003 respectively.

190


Channel Model 3


UWB channel model 3

Number of Users

Proposed TH PPM



m-ZCZ (BER)

Proposed TH PPM UWB

MMSE-LDPC with

m-ZCZ (BER)

Proposed TH PPM

MIMO/UWB using optimal SIC

with m-ZCZ (BER)

10 0.0490 0.0900 0.0480 0.0025 20 0.0580 0.1120 0.0655 0.0036 30 0.0650 0.1150 0.0645 0.0048 40 0.0680 0.1160 0.0670 0.0052 50 0.0720 0.1170 0.0680 0.007


proposed schemes under UWB channel model 3 for dBNEb 4

0

and number

of users are varied from 10 to 50. In TH PPM UWB with m-ZCZ, TH PPM

UWB-MMSE with m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB MMSE-LDPC with m-ZCZ

and THPPM MIMO/UWB using optimal SIC with m-ZCZ, as the number

of users increase, BER increases. It is seen from Table 7.9, that when the

number of users are 30, the BER of TH PPM UWB with m-ZCZ, TH PPM

MMSE with m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB MMSE-LDPC and MIMO/UWB

using optimal SIC with m-ZCZ are 0.0650, 0.1150, 0.0645 and 0.0048

respectively.

191


Channel Model 4


UWB channel model 4

Number of users

Proposed TH PPM


Proposed TH PPM

UWB-MMSE with

m-ZCZ (BER)

Proposed TH PPM UWB

MMSE-LDPC with

m-ZCZ (BER)

Proposed TH PPM MIMO/UWB using optimal SIC

with m-ZCZ (BER)

10 0.0480 0.0990 0.0560 0.003

20 0.0570 0.1120 0.0680 0.004

30 0.0590 0.1160 0.0725 0.006

40 0.0650 0.1200 0.0870 0.008

50 0.0680 0.1200 0.0880 0.012

Table 7.10 shows the system capacity performance of the

various proposed schemes under UWB channel model 4 for dBNEb 4

0

and

number of users are varied from 10 to 50. In TH PPM UWB with

m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB MMSE with m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB MMSE-

LDPC with m-ZCZ and THPPM MIMO/UWB using optimal SIC with

m-ZCZ, as the number of users increase, BER increases. It is seen from the

Table 7.10, that when the number of users are 30, the BER of TH PPM

UWB with m-ZCZ, TH PPM MMSE with m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB

MMSE-LDPC and MIMO/UWB using optimal SIC with m-ZCZ are

0.0590, 0.1160, 0.0725 and 0.006 respectively.

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From Tables 7.7 to 7.10, it is clear that the system performance

of MIMO/UWB based TH PPM using optimal SIC with m-ZCZ is the best

in BER performance than TH PPM UWB with m-ZCZ, TH PPM UWB

MMSE with m-ZCZ and TH PPM UWB MMSE-LDPC with

m-ZCZ schemes.

7.4 PERFORMANCE OF THE PROPOSED SCHEMES WITH

INPUT AS DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF

A PATIENT UNDER UWB CHANNEL MODEL 4

For testing, the BER results of the proposed schemes have been

obtained with multiple biological functions as the input to the various

proposed schemes presented in the thesis. Samples of the biological

functions such as ECG, blood pressure are shown in Figure 7.1.

From Figure 7.1, it is observed that among various proposed

schemes the input ECG/ Blood Pressure signal is recovered in a better way

on application of the proposed MIMO/UWB based TH PPM system using

optimal SIC with m-ZCZ.

From Figure 7.2, it is observed that among various proposed

schemes the input biomedical images are recovered with higher PSNR on

application of the proposed MIMO/UWB based TH PPM system using

optimal SIC with m-ZCZ.

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Figure 7.1 Transmission / reception of sample biological functions of

patients through four proposed schemes system under

UWB channel model 4

194

Input TH PPM UWB m-ZCZ

TH PPM UWB -MMSE

TH PPM UWB MMSE-LDPC

TH PPM MIMO(2×2)/UWB With optimal SIC

PSNR = 24.35

PSNR = 25.57

PSNR = 27.3

PSNR = 30.247

PSNR = 23.7

PSNR = 25.4

PSNR = 27.25

PSNR = 30.23

PSNR = 25.2

PSNR = 26.3

PSNR = 27.9

PSNR = 30.65

PSNR = 24.3

PSNR = 25.7

PSNR = 27.41 PSNR = 30.31

PSNR = 24.2

PSNR = 25.8

PSNR = 28.2 PSNR = 30.7

PSNR = 26.32

PSNR = 28.9

PSNR = 30.6 PSNR = 30.75

Figure 7.2 Transmission / reception of sample biomedical images of

patients through four proposed schemes system under

UWB BAN channel model 4

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7.5 PERFORMANCE OF ALL THE PROPOSED SCHEMES

WHEN THE BIOMEDICAL IMAGES OF A PATIENT IS

THE INPUT UNDER UWB CHANNEL MODEL 4

Monte Carlo simulations are run with standard images as input

to all the proposed schemes. Biomedical images are considered as input for

four of the proposed systems that can be used for telemedicine applications.

Among the four proposed schemes, the proposed MIMO/UWB based TH

PPM using m-ZCZ sequences gives better PSNR.

7.6 PERFORMANCE OF MIMO/UWB FOR VARYING

DEVICES UNDER UWB CHANNEL MODELS

Figure 7.3 BER performance of the proposed MIMO/UWB based

TH PPM using m-ZCZ sequences for varying devices

under UWB channel models

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5010

-4

10-3

Number of devices

Performance of MIMO/UWB using UWB Channel for multi-device

CM1CM2CM3CM4

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Figure 7.3 shows BER performance of the proposed

MIMO/UWB based TH PPM using m-ZCZ sequences for varying devices

under UWB channel models. From Figure 7.3, it can be seen that when the

number of devices increase, BER increases. When the number of devices is

15, it gives the BER of 0.0002 under CM1. If the number of devices is

increased to 35, the BER value is 0.0004 for the same channel. Moreover,

the BER performance among the four UWB channel models, CM1 gives a

lower BER than CM2, CM3 and CM4.

7.7 CONCLUSION

Various proposed improved interference management schemes

discussed from Chapter 3 to Chapter 6 is presented have been compared in

this chapter. A comparison of the BER performance of the various

proposed schemes under UWB channel models CM1, CM2, CM3 and

CM4 have been compared. The system capacity of the various proposed

schemes under UWB channel models CM1, CM2, CM3 and CM4 are also

compared. The performance of the proposed schemes when different

biological functions of a patient are taken as input under UWB channel

model 4 is analyzed. Performance of all the proposed schemes with

biomedical images of a patient as input under UWB channel model 4 is

compared.

Among the various proposed schemes, BER performance of

MIMO/UWB based TH PPM using optimal SIC with m-ZCZ is the best,

since it achieves an average BER improvement of 98.1% for

100 users and a PSNR improvement of 7.6% under CM4.

chapter 7 application 7.1...

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