chapter 7 body systems - جامعة...
TRANSCRIPT
Medical Terminology
Dr. Bassim I Mohammad,
MBChB, MSc, Ph.D Dean
College of Pharmacy
University of Al Qadisiyah, Iraq
Course Objectives
Apply basic principles of medical word building.
Correctly pronounce medical terms.
Define common medical terms.
Relate common medical terms to human anatomy and physiology; common disease states, pharmacological categories and diagnostic tests.
Identify the medical terminology in medical record reports.
15 Lessons
1. Basic Elements of a Medical Word
2. Suffixes:
3. Prefixes
4. Body Structure
5. Integumentary System
6. Gastrointestinal System
7. Respiratory System
8. Cardiovascular System
Lessons, continued
9. Blood, Lymph, and Immune Systems
10. Musculoskeletal System
11. Genitourinary System
12. Female Reproductive System
13. Endocrine System
14. Nervous System
15. Special Senses
What is Medical Terminology?
A. The process using the single word to express several concepts
related to health
B. Usually based on Latin and Greek word
C. Describes:
1. Part of the body (anatomy)
2. Location in the body
3. Bodily function (physiology)
4. Diseases
5. Procedures
6. Instruments
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
The process of dividing medical words into component parts.
Analysis of words will make medical terminology easier to understand and remember.
Now, lets begin
Chapter 1
Basic Elements of Medical Word
5 BASIC WORD PARTS
Root word
Suffix
Prefixes
Combining vowel
Combining form
9
Forming Medical Terms
Medical Term
Prefix
Word root Suffix
Combining forms
10
Building Medical Terms Word Root
Prefix
Suffi
x
Combining forms
ROOT WORD Root Word – foundation of the word, usually
indicates the involved body part
Examples:
cardi -
cephal –
gastr –
cyt –
A medical term can have one or more root words.
Ex. – cardi/o/thorac/ic = pertaining to heart and chest
Examples of Word Roods Greek Word Word Root
Kardia (heart) Cardi
Gaster (stomach) Gastr
Hepar (liver) Hepat
Nephros (kidney) Nephr
Osteon (bone) oste
SUFFIXES
Word ending; usually indicates a procedure, condition,
disorder or disease.
Read from the suffix backwards to the root word for the
correct meaning.
Suffixes can be nouns or adjectives
All medical words have suffixes
Examples:
-itis -ic
-logy -lysis
PREFIXES
Word beginning; usually indicates location, time, a
number, or a Color
Not all medical words have prefixes
Examples:
a-
pre-
hyper-
sub-
COMBINING VOWELS
AND FORMS
Combining Vowel
A vowel that links two word parts together
Usually an ‘o’
Has no meaning of it’s own
Combining Form – root word plus a combining vowel
Examples:
Hemat/o –
Cardi/o –
Gastr/o –
Oste/o –
RULES FOR USING COMBINING VOWELS
1. When the ending of the root word and the beginning of
the suffix are both consonants, use a combining vowel.
Example – hemat/o/logy
2. When the ending of the root word is a consonant, and
the beginning of the suffix is a vowel, do not use a
combining vowel.
Example – gastr/itis
RULES FOR USING COMBINING
VOWELS
3. A combining vowel is always used when two root words
are joined.
Example – cardi/o/thorac/ic
4. A prefix does not require a combining
vowel
Example – epi/gastr/ic
Combining Form
Word root + vowel = Combining form
Micr/ o = Micr/o Word root Combining vowel combining form
Gastr/o, therm/o, micr/o
Combining vowel = (a, e, i, o, u, or y)
Gastr/ o/ duoden/ -ostomy Word root combining vowel word root suffix
Combining Vowel
Adding a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, or y) to a word root to create a combining form allows 2 or more word roots to be joined to form a compound word.
It also allows a word root to be joined with a suffix (word ending) to form a word. Vowel makes the term easier to pronounce.
Examples:
Cyt/o/meter,
Micr/o/scope,
Neur/o/spasm,
Therm/o/meter,
Micr/o/surgery
Combining form (word root + vowel) is usually
used to join a word root to a suffix or other root
that begins with a consonant.
Combining form + Suffix = Compound
Word
Gastr/o duoden/o -scopy = Gastroduodenoscopy combining form combining form suffix compound word
A word root, not a combining form, is used
to join a word root with a suffix or another
word root that begins with a vowel.
Word root + Suffix = Word
Dermat + itis = Dermatitis word root suffix word
Analysis of Medical Term
Determine a medical word’s meaning by looking at the component pieces.
Start at the suffix (all medical terms will have one)
Identify if there is a prefix (not all medical terms will have one)
Locate the root words (there may be more than one)
Identify the meaning of each word part as you separate them
SPELLLING/ Pronunciation
In medicine, spelling is critical!!!
One wrong letter could mean an entirely different
place on the body or test to be performed
Examples – ilium (part of hip bone) and ileum
(part of small intestine)
Thank You