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Medical Terminology
Dr. Bassim I Mohammad,
MBChB, MSc, Ph.D Dean
College of Pharmacy
University of Al Qadisiyah, Iraq
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Course Objectives
Apply basic principles of medical word building.
Correctly pronounce medical terms.
Define common medical terms.
Relate common medical terms to human anatomy and physiology; common disease states, pharmacological categories and diagnostic tests.
Identify the medical terminology in medical record reports.
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15 Lessons
1. Basic Elements of a Medical Word
2. Suffixes:
3. Prefixes
4. Body Structure
5. Integumentary System
6. Gastrointestinal System
7. Respiratory System
8. Cardiovascular System
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Lessons, continued
9. Blood, Lymph, and Immune Systems
10. Musculoskeletal System
11. Genitourinary System
12. Female Reproductive System
13. Endocrine System
14. Nervous System
15. Special Senses
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What is Medical Terminology?
A. The process using the single word to express several concepts
related to health
B. Usually based on Latin and Greek word
C. Describes:
1. Part of the body (anatomy)
2. Location in the body
3. Bodily function (physiology)
4. Diseases
5. Procedures
6. Instruments
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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
The process of dividing medical words into component parts.
Analysis of words will make medical terminology easier to understand and remember.
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Now, lets begin
Chapter 1
Basic Elements of Medical Word
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5 BASIC WORD PARTS
Root word
Suffix
Prefixes
Combining vowel
Combining form
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9
Forming Medical Terms
Medical Term
Prefix
Word root Suffix
Combining forms
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10
Building Medical Terms Word Root
Prefix
Suffi
x
Combining forms
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ROOT WORD Root Word – foundation of the word, usually
indicates the involved body part
Examples:
cardi -
cephal –
gastr –
cyt –
A medical term can have one or more root words.
Ex. – cardi/o/thorac/ic = pertaining to heart and chest
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Examples of Word Roods Greek Word Word Root
Kardia (heart) Cardi
Gaster (stomach) Gastr
Hepar (liver) Hepat
Nephros (kidney) Nephr
Osteon (bone) oste
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SUFFIXES
Word ending; usually indicates a procedure, condition,
disorder or disease.
Read from the suffix backwards to the root word for the
correct meaning.
Suffixes can be nouns or adjectives
All medical words have suffixes
Examples:
-itis -ic
-logy -lysis
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PREFIXES
Word beginning; usually indicates location, time, a
number, or a Color
Not all medical words have prefixes
Examples:
a-
pre-
hyper-
sub-
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COMBINING VOWELS
AND FORMS
Combining Vowel
A vowel that links two word parts together
Usually an ‘o’
Has no meaning of it’s own
Combining Form – root word plus a combining vowel
Examples:
Hemat/o –
Cardi/o –
Gastr/o –
Oste/o –
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RULES FOR USING COMBINING VOWELS
1. When the ending of the root word and the beginning of
the suffix are both consonants, use a combining vowel.
Example – hemat/o/logy
2. When the ending of the root word is a consonant, and
the beginning of the suffix is a vowel, do not use a
combining vowel.
Example – gastr/itis
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RULES FOR USING COMBINING
VOWELS
3. A combining vowel is always used when two root words
are joined.
Example – cardi/o/thorac/ic
4. A prefix does not require a combining
vowel
Example – epi/gastr/ic
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Combining Form
Word root + vowel = Combining form
Micr/ o = Micr/o Word root Combining vowel combining form
Gastr/o, therm/o, micr/o
Combining vowel = (a, e, i, o, u, or y)
Gastr/ o/ duoden/ -ostomy Word root combining vowel word root suffix
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Combining Vowel
Adding a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, or y) to a word root to create a combining form allows 2 or more word roots to be joined to form a compound word.
It also allows a word root to be joined with a suffix (word ending) to form a word. Vowel makes the term easier to pronounce.
Examples:
Cyt/o/meter,
Micr/o/scope,
Neur/o/spasm,
Therm/o/meter,
Micr/o/surgery
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Combining form (word root + vowel) is usually
used to join a word root to a suffix or other root
that begins with a consonant.
Combining form + Suffix = Compound
Word
Gastr/o duoden/o -scopy = Gastroduodenoscopy combining form combining form suffix compound word
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A word root, not a combining form, is used
to join a word root with a suffix or another
word root that begins with a vowel.
Word root + Suffix = Word
Dermat + itis = Dermatitis word root suffix word
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Analysis of Medical Term
Determine a medical word’s meaning by looking at the component pieces.
Start at the suffix (all medical terms will have one)
Identify if there is a prefix (not all medical terms will have one)
Locate the root words (there may be more than one)
Identify the meaning of each word part as you separate them
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SPELLLING/ Pronunciation
In medicine, spelling is critical!!!
One wrong letter could mean an entirely different
place on the body or test to be performed
Examples – ilium (part of hip bone) and ileum
(part of small intestine)
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Thank You