chapter 7 lecture 1 global culture

8/7/2019 Chapter 7 Lecture 1 Global Culture

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GLOBAL CULTUREGLOBAL CULTURE

Chapter 7

Lecture 1


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ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEADALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD

THE MAJOR ADVANCES IN

CIVILIZATION ARE

PROCESSES THAT ALL

BUT WRECK THESOCIETIES IN WHICH

THEY OCCUR.


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CULTURE DEFINEDCULTURE DEFINED

The learned, shared, interrelated set of

symbols and patterns of basic assumptions

That are invented, discovered, or developedby a given group (nation, affiliative group,

business or other organization)

To help the group cope with problems it faces

external adaptation

internal integration


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MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDSMASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

People face needs

in their lives

According toMaslow, lower level

needs generally

must be satisfied

before higher ones

Self-

actualization

Physical

Safety

Social

Esteem


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HOW DOES CULTUREHOW DOES CULTURE

EM

ERGE?EM

ERGE? People have common needs and face

similar challenges, and form societies to

address these challengesorganizing as families and extended families then as

communities and extended communities then as

rural and urban groups

national societies or nation-states

global society?


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NATIONAL CULTURE ANSWERSNATIONAL CULTURE ANSWERS

IINTERNAL CHALLENGESIINTERNAL CHALLENGES Division of labor

Social controls

Motivate groupmembers

Legitimize and

distribute power

Create sense of

belonging

Us

Them


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NATIONAL CULTURE ANSWERSNATIONAL CULTURE ANSWERS

IINTERNAL CHALLENGESIINTERNAL CHALLENGES Protect the group

from outsiders and

natural forces Protect resources

Present an image to

others

Attract (or repel)

new members

Us

Them


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NATIONAL CULTURENATIONAL CULTURE

Forms a boundary to define the group

geographic and psychological

Makes us different from everyone else all other people; all other nations

Defines us as different from them

they tend to be those least like us Survival value (for the nation and

person)


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When describing national culture, mostWhen describing national culture, most

people are talking about dominant culturepeople are talking about dominant culture

But bear in mind:

there will be variations

there are subcultures within every nation

almost everyone knows the norms of the

dominant culture

typically only members of subculturesknow the norms of their own group


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THE NINE NATIONS OF NORTHTHE NINE NATIONS OF NORTH

AM

ERICAAM

ERICA EcotopiaNorthwest

Corridor

MexAmerica, Texas,Southern Calif., Arizona

Dixiesouthern states

The Islands, S. Florida

and the Caribbean


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NATIONS TRADITIONALLYNATIONS TRADITIONALLY

SHAPE ORGANIZATIONSSHAPE ORGANIZATIONS

HOW DOE U TUR E

AFFECT FIRMS?

Traditionally: national culture shapes business

INDIVIDUA SINDIVIDUA S

FAMI IESFAMI IES

NATIONA CU TUR ENATIONA CU TUR E

BUSINESS ACTIVITIESBUSINESS ACTIVITIES


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BUT INFLUENCES COMEBUT INFLUENCES COME

FROM

M

ULTIPLE SOURCESFROM

M

ULTIPLE SOURCES Professional training/groups

Family

Subgroups, e.g., R&D or accounting

Individuals


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INCREASINGLY WE ALSO SEEINCREASINGLY WE ALSO SEE

Business influences come not from

domestic influences alone but also from

international and global businessactivities, e.g.,

subsidiaries

joint ventures and other strategic alliances


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OFTEN CREATING CULTUREOFTEN CREATING CULTURE

CLASHCLASH between parent and subsidiary

among managers

in practices considered unnatural to

the subsidiary


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CULTURAL QUESTIONS YOUCULTURAL QUESTIONS YOU

M

IGHT CONSIDER ANSWERINGM

IGHT CONSIDER ANSWERING1. What cultural norms do you see in yourself In thepeople who surround you on a daily basis

2. Give an example of when you have experienced adifferent culture. What was it like

3. What is it that other cultures have to offer to the globalenvironment

4. What is the public opinion about foreign cultures andinternational business operations How might these

opinions be skewed5. Is it possible to see different cultures close to home (i.e.

in the same city, state, country)

6. What are the benefits and/or consequences ofintegrating/not integrating global cultures


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HOW IS CULTUE EMBEDDED INHOW IS CULTUE EMBEDDED IN

PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS?PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS?

THINK OF CULTURE AS AN ICEBERG:

you see it, but perhaps not the important

partsSymbols; language

Behaviors

Practices

Customs

ormsbeliefs, traditions,

priorities,

assumptions, values


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CULTURECULTURE

Values

Deep seated, lasting, dont change much

Stable over time Norms

Social rules and guidelines

Moresthings central to the smoothoperation of society

Folkwaysroutine patterns


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NATIONAL CULTURE SHAPESNATIONAL CULTURE SHAPES

VALUESVALUES

Cultural contrasts:

Tradition versus change

Past versus future

Purpose of life

Nurture the human spirit versus create wealth

Modesty versus boasting Doing versus being


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NATIONAL CULTURE HASNATIONAL CULTURE HAS

DIMENSIONSDIMENSIONS

Hofstedes view of national culture

reflected in organizations

POWER DI Eextent to which society accepts that power isdistributed unequally in institutions and organizations

UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCElikes formal rules; absolute truths

MASCULINITY/FEMININITYmasculine is assertive, acquisitive, values

money and things and not caring for others, quality of life or people;

whereas, femininity is nurturing and valuing quality of life

INDIVIDUALISM/COLLECTIVISMindividual takes care of self andfamily and is low on organizational loyalty; collectivism is in-group or

clan responsibility loyalty is owed to the group

LO G TE vs SHO T TE O IE T TIO


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FONS TROMPENAARS (1994)FONS TROMPENAARS (1994)

Universalismbelief that ideas and conceptscan be applied anywhere versusparticularismbelief that circumstancesdictate rules and relationships

Individualism (self) or collectivism (group)

Achievement (made) or ascription (born)

Neutralmask feelings or affectivefeelingsare a normal part of communication

Sequential approach to time or synchronous


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AND NATIONAL CULTUREAND NATIONAL CULTURE

SHAPES BEHAVIORSSHAPES BEHAVIORS

how people look

how people act

how people speak

the symbols that surround them

how people interact


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CULTURE CREATESCULTURE CREATES

EXPECTATIONSEXPECTATIONS

What happens when people

do not behave as youexpect?


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BUT HOW PEOPLE ACTBUT HOW PEOPLE ACT

DOESNT EXPLAIN WHYDOESNT EXPLAIN WHY

Because specific actions, behaviors,

symbols, and meanings are intended to

resolve problems for a specific society And societies

face different challenges

respond to the same challenges withdifferent solutions


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THIS EXERCISETHIS EXERCISE

DEMONSTRATES HOWDEMONSTRATES HOW

Each person in the group should describe their views onattitudes listed on the left hand side according to their owncountry/culture. How are those attitudes reflected in

behaviors at work or example, in the .S., how is anemphasis on wealth/materialism reflected in work rewards You are encouraged to distinguish between whatwe have called the dominant culture and any subculturesin which you live so that people in your group develop a

better understanding of the wide range of culture foundwithin nations as well as between nations.


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NATIONAL CULTURE SHAPESNATIONAL CULTURE SHAPES

VALUESVALUES

ROLE OF WEALTH IN LIFE

IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL SPACE

ATTITUDE TOWARD TIME

ROLE OF FAMILY

ROLE OF WORK

ROLE OF FRIENDS IN LIFE

WHAT ARE LIFES PRIORITIES?


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NATIONAL CULTURESNATIONAL CULTURES

COMPAREDCOMPARED

Describe what you learned about

another culture that you did not know

before talking with others What can we learn from the exercise?

What are the things you value and find

important in terms of work?


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1010 TENTEN FIRSTFIRST LANGUAGESLANGUAGES

1 in 6 people speak Mandarin (1 billion) English: 380 million

Spanish: 266 million

Bengali: 189 million

Hindi: 182 million

Portuguese: 170

Russian: 170

Japanese: 125

German 98

Chinese (Wu): 77

chapter 7 lecture 1 global culture

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