chapter 7 the presidency. learning objectives copyright © 2014 cengage learning 2 identify the past...
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CHAPTER 7CHAPTER 7The PresidencyThe Presidency
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Copyright © 2014 Cengage Learning2
Identify the past traits of presidents; assess the requirements for holding the position
Describe the process by which presidents may be impeached and removed from office; know the order of presidential succession
Trace the evolution of the presidency from “chief clerk” in the late 18th and 19th centuries to eventual political dominance
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
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Explain how the modern presidency has persevered in the recent era of divisiveness
Define the formal powers vested in the president under Article II of the Constitution
Explain how presidents use the veto, appointment and removal, and the pardon
Define the powers and limits of the president as commander in chief
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
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Discuss the implied powers of the presidency not spelled out in the Constitution, including executive orders and agreements
Describe the other individuals and offices in the executive branch that contribute to the modern presidency
Assess how the power of the presidency is enhanced by communications with the public, the Congress, and the media
Where Do Presidents Come From?Where Do Presidents Come From?Presidential Comings and GoingsPresidential Comings and Goings
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Prerequisites “Natural born” citizen At least 35 years of age Resident in the U.S. for at least 14 years
All U.S. presidents have been White (except Obama) and male 42 to 77 years of age Christians
Where Do Presidents Come From?Where Do Presidents Come From?Presidential Comings and GoingsPresidential Comings and Goings
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Washington established a two-term precedent Unchallenged until FDR’s election to 4 terms
Twenty-second Amendment Restricts the presidency to two and a half terms
Where Do Presidents Come From?Where Do Presidents Come From?Presidential Comings and GoingsPresidential Comings and Goings
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Impeachment Majority vote of the House
Conviction by two-thirds of the Senate
“Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors”
Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton Impeached but not convicted or removed
Richard Nixon Resigned
The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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Chief executive powerful enough to respond quickly Limited by lack of
lawmaking power Need for congressional
approval
Evolved through practice, tradition, and personal energy of presidents
The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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President as “Chief Clerk” 1789-1836 Presidents after Washington acted as “clerks” Served Congress’s bidding Performed administrative duties Andrew Jackson remade office into a tremendous
political power
The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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Weakened Presidency in Wilderness Years Pre-Civil War presidents after Jackson were weak President as chief clerk emerged again James K. Polk
Only effective president during this period Presided over significant westward expansion
The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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Abraham Lincoln Confronted with state secessions and the Civil War Took bold, unprecedented acts Reinterpreted Article II
After Lincoln’s assassination, Congress reasserted control
The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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Birth of Modern Presidency and Its Rise to Dominance Theodore Roosevelt
Ushered in a new era of presidential authority Gambled political capital on bold assertions of power First president to travel to foreign lands
The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt Transformed presidency into an institution New Deal policies Dominant in national and world affairs Imperial presidency took root
The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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Imperial Presidency Comes Under Attack Presidential authority greatest in national security Waging the Cold War consumed presidential energy Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy focused on
containing communist threat
The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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Lyndon Johnson Great Society
Presidents after Johnson came under attack Richard Nixon Jimmy Carter
The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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Redefining the Presidency in Divisiveness Ronald Reagan
Return of the chief executive as an unmatched force Legislative success despite a Democratic House
George H. W. Bush Tax legislation Iraq war
The Evolution of the The Evolution of the American PresidencyAmerican Presidency
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Redefining the Presidency in Divisiveness Bill Clinton
Co-opted Republican programs
George W. Bush War on Terror
Obama Democratic majorities in Congress Little Republican support
Express Powers and Express Powers and Responsibilities of the PresidentResponsibilities of the President
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Constitution lists four specific presidential powers (expressed) Commander-in-chief Grant reprieves and pardons Treaties (subject to Senate approval) Certain appointments (subject to Senate approval)
Express Powers and Express Powers and Responsibilities of the PresidentResponsibilities of the President
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Head of State Formal duties and obligations on behalf of the U.S. “State dinners” Recognition of ambassadors and foreign
governments
Express Powers and Express Powers and Responsibilities of the PresidentResponsibilities of the President
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Express Powers and Express Powers and Responsibilities of the PresidentResponsibilities of the President
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Chief Executive and Head of Government Sole responsibility to execute U.S. laws Powers of appointment and removal Reprieve Pardon
Express Powers and Express Powers and Responsibilities of the PresidentResponsibilities of the President
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Chief Diplomat Power to negotiate and execute treaties
Chief Legislator Involved in nearly every stage of federal lawmaking
State of the Union Address
White House Office of Legislative Affairs
Vetoes
Signing statement
Signing Statements, from Signing Statements, from Washington through ObamaWashington through Obama
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Express Powers and Express Powers and Responsibilities of the PresidentResponsibilities of the President
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Commander in Chief President is principal military leader Formulates/directs strategy and policy Congress must “declare war” War Powers Resolution limits presidential power
Vetoes Issued by Modern PresidentsVetoes Issued by Modern Presidents
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Implied Powers and Implied Powers and Responsibilities of the PresidentResponsibilities of the President
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Crisis Manager Respond quickly and effectively to crises
Party Leader Decisions reflect on the party as a whole
Executive Order Rule or regulation that has the force of law
Executive Agreement Pact, written or oral, with a foreign government
Presidential ResourcesPresidential Resources
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Vice President Key adviser and executive branch official
The Cabinet Provide input on issues related to their departments
Executive Office and White House Staff Management and administration of executive
branch departments
The First Lady Social and political obligations
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President and the Public Modern presidents engage the public for support Support increases chances for legislation to pass Drops in public support may stop a program
Important Presidential Important Presidential RelationshipsRelationships
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Important Presidential Important Presidential RelationshipsRelationships
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President and Congress Presidents have a large role in legislative process
Presidential Congressional tools Campaigning for Congressional candidates Personal contacts with members Office of Congressional Relations Rewards
Important Presidential Important Presidential RelationshipsRelationships
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President and the Media Most effective channel to communicate with
the public White House Press Secretary
Holds most of the responsibility
White House Director of Communications Consistent and effective message
Important Presidential Important Presidential RelationshipsRelationships