Chapter 8 Chapter 8 APUSHAPUSH

Mrs. PriceMrs. Price

““Happiness is when what you Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what think, what you say, and what

you do are in harmony.” - you do are in harmony.” - Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi

Aftermath of War of 1812: The Aftermath of War of 1812: The American SystemAmerican System

Proposed by Henry Clay (KY)Proposed by Henry Clay (KY) Purpose: encourage economic growth Purpose: encourage economic growth

of US and reduce dependency on of US and reduce dependency on EuropeEurope

3 Parts:3 Parts:

1. Protective Tariffs1. Protective Tariffs

2. National Bank2. National Bank

3. Internal Improvements (roads & 3. Internal Improvements (roads & canals)canals)

Aftermath of War of 1812Aftermath of War of 1812

Stimulated growth of manufacturingStimulated growth of manufacturing

1. Francis Cabot Lowell: Waltham, 1. Francis Cabot Lowell: Waltham, MA MA

(1813)(1813)

2. 1816: Protective tariff passed to 2. 1816: Protective tariff passed to help help

new industriesnew industries

Exposed weakness of financial systemExposed weakness of financial system

1. 21. 2ndnd Bank of the US chartered in 1816 Bank of the US chartered in 1816

2. Had more capital than 12. Had more capital than 1stst Bank of Bank of USUS

Exposed weakness of transportation Exposed weakness of transportation systemsystem

1. Resistance to using federal $ for 1. Resistance to using federal $ for roads &roads &

canalscanals

2. States had to take care of internal 2. States had to take care of internal

improvementsimprovements

Western ExpansionWestern Expansion

West became fastest growing regionWest became fastest growing region New states admitted: IN (1816), MS New states admitted: IN (1816), MS

(1817), IL (1818), AL (1819)(1817), IL (1818), AL (1819) Reasons:Reasons:

1. Population & economic pressures 1. Population & economic pressures in eastin east

2. Availability of new land in west2. Availability of new land in west

3. Decline of Indian resistance3. Decline of Indian resistance

Why did the Indians lose Why did the Indians lose land?land?

Government pushed tribes further Government pushed tribes further westwest

Treaties in 1815 forced Indians to Treaties in 1815 forced Indians to give up more landgive up more land

Government built chain of forts to Government built chain of forts to protect the frontierprotect the frontier

Government created the “factor Government created the “factor system”system”

Monroe’s AdministrationMonroe’s Administration

18161816 Era of Good FeelingsEra of Good Feelings

1. Early years of 1. Early years of Monroe’s Monroe’s administrationadministration2. No international 2. No international threatsthreats3. Prosperous3. Prosperous4. Decline in 4. Decline in partisanshippartisanship

The Election of 1816The Election of 1816

US gets FloridaUS gets Florida

Andrew Jackson invades Florida to Andrew Jackson invades Florida to stop Indian raids (Seminole War)stop Indian raids (Seminole War)

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): Spain Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): Spain ceded all of Florida & gave up its ceded all of Florida & gave up its claim to territory in the Pacific NW, claim to territory in the Pacific NW, US gave up claims to TexasUS gave up claims to Texas

Panic of 1819Panic of 1819

Caused by land boom on frontierCaused by land boom on frontier Bank of US tightened credit & called Bank of US tightened credit & called

in loans; state banks failed = in loans; state banks failed = financial panicfinancial panic

Depression, bankruptcies, & Depression, bankruptcies, & unemploymentunemployment

Hit west hard – many blamed Bank Hit west hard – many blamed Bank of USof US

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise (1820)(1820) 1819: MO asked to be admitted as state1819: MO asked to be admitted as state

At the time: 11 free & 11 slaveAt the time: 11 free & 11 slave Tallmadge Amendment: passed by Tallmadge Amendment: passed by

House, defeated in SenateHouse, defeated in Senate CompromiseCompromise

– Henry ClayHenry Clay– MO admitted as slave state; ME as free MO admitted as slave state; ME as free

statestate– Slavery was prohibited in rest of territory Slavery was prohibited in rest of territory

of Louisiana Purchase north of 36° 30’of Louisiana Purchase north of 36° 30’– Did not resolve anything – just postponed Did not resolve anything – just postponed

fightfight

The Marshall CourtThe Marshall Court

John Marshall – John Marshall – chief Justice of chief Justice of Supreme Court Supreme Court (1801-1835)(1801-1835)

FederalistFederalist Strengthened Strengthened

power of judiciary, power of judiciary, federal government, federal government, & propertied & & propertied & commercial classescommercial classes

Significant Cases of the Significant Cases of the Marshall CourtMarshall Court

Fletcher v. PeckFletcher v. Peck (1810) (1810)

1. Case involved land fraud case in GA1. Case involved land fraud case in GA

2. Marshall ruled that a state could not 2. Marshall ruled that a state could not

pass laws invalidating a contract; pass laws invalidating a contract;

protected property rightsprotected property rights

3. 13. 1stst time S.Court declared a state law to time S.Court declared a state law to

be unconstitutionalbe unconstitutional

Dartmouth College v. WoodwardDartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) (1819)1. NH tried to convert private college to 1. NH tried to convert private college to

statestate2. Court upheld colonial contract2. Court upheld colonial contract

Cohens v. VirginiaCohens v. Virginia (1821) (1821)1. Dispute over selling lottery tickets1. Dispute over selling lottery tickets2. Marshall asserted right of S. Court to 2. Marshall asserted right of S. Court to

review decisions of state courtsreview decisions of state courts

McCulloch v. MarylandMcCulloch v. Maryland (1819) (1819)

1. Maryland tried to tax branch of Bank of 1. Maryland tried to tax branch of Bank of

USUS

2. Issue: did Congress have the power to 2. Issue: did Congress have the power to

create a bank?create a bank?

3. Marshall ruled federal government had 3. Marshall ruled federal government had

implied powers to create a bankimplied powers to create a bank

4. State could not tax a federal institution; 4. State could not tax a federal institution;

Federal laws are supreme over state Federal laws are supreme over state lawslaws

Gibbons v. OgdenGibbons v. Ogden (1824) (1824)

1. Issue: could NY grant a monopoly to 1. Issue: could NY grant a monopoly to a a

steamboat co. if that action steamboat co. if that action conflicted conflicted

with a charter authorized by with a charter authorized by Congress?Congress?

2. Marshall ruled Congress alone could 2. Marshall ruled Congress alone could

control interstate commercecontrol interstate commerce

The Court & Indian TribesThe Court & Indian Tribes

Johnson v. McIntoshJohnson v. McIntosh (1823) (1823) Worcester v. GeorgiaWorcester v. Georgia (1831-1832) (1831-1832)

Monroe Doctrine (1823)Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Non-colonization of the AmericasNon-colonization of the Americas Nonintervention in the AmericasNonintervention in the Americas Other countries should stay out of Other countries should stay out of

the Americasthe Americas

Election of 1824Election of 1824 4 main candidates: A. Jackson, H. 4 main candidates: A. Jackson, H.

Clay, W. Crawford, & J.Q. AdamsClay, W. Crawford, & J.Q. Adams Jackson received most popular votes, Jackson received most popular votes,

not majority of electoral not majority of electoral

Election of 1824Election of 1824

CandidateCandidate Popular VotePopular VoteElectoral Electoral

VoteVote

Andrew Andrew JacksonJackson

43%43% 9999

J.Q. AdamsJ.Q. Adams 31%31% 3232

William William CrawfordCrawford

13%13% 4141

Henry ClayHenry Clay 13%13% 3737

House of R. had to choose between top 3

1. Clay eliminated (not in top 3) but he was Speaker of House

2. Crawford eliminated because he had a stroke

3. Clay supported Adams who was selected by House

4. Adams appointed Clay Sec. of State (“Corrupt Bargain”)

John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams

Successful Sec. of StateSuccessful Sec. of State Fewer than 1/3 of voters had voted Fewer than 1/3 of voters had voted

for himfor him Refused to use spoils systemRefused to use spoils system Adams’ views were often out of step Adams’ views were often out of step

with nationwith nation

Issue of TariffsIssue of Tariffs

1828 “Tariff of Abominations”: 1828 “Tariff of Abominations”: increased tariffs on raw materials & increased tariffs on raw materials & manufactured goods manufactured goods

Issue created regional conflictIssue created regional conflict