CHAPTER 8 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL

8.1 GENERAL CFR: 1910/26 The purpose of identifying hazards in the workplace is to correct them and/or apply control measures before an accident occurs. Hazards may be identified through regular safety investigations. In most accidents, both an unsafe condition and an unsafe act are contributing factors. The Unsafe condition, in addition to being a direct cause of accidents, often can lead employees to perform an unsafe act. Thus, correcting the unsafe condition reduces the likelihood of injury from an unsafe act. During the accident investigation, the unsafe condition is often not as glaringly evident as the unsafe act. The unsafe condition may escape notice unless a careful study of the operation is conducted. 8.2 JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA) The Job Safety Analysis (or Operational Safety Analysis) is a methodical procedure used to review the job performance step by step and identify hazards or potential hazards. Once the hazards are known, proper solutions can be developed. The four basic steps in performing a Job Safety Analysis are:

a. Select the job to be analyze b. Break the job down into successive steps c. Identify the hazards and potential hazards d. Develop proper methods for eliminating or reducing exposure to the hazards

(1) Select the Job

Large complex jobs, such as constructing a bridge or a building, are not suitable candidates for JSA. Similarly, jobs with only one or two steps are not suitable for JSA. Job assignments, such as calibrating a power supply, replacing an air conditioning compressor, or installing a door are the ideal candidates. These types of job assignments are comprised of individual steps, which can be distinguished and separated for a closer analysis. Jobs should not be randomly selected. Jobs that have experienced high accident rates should receive priority. Jobs, which have a high potential for accidents and new jobs, new equipment, or new processes, should also be considered for analysis.

(2) Job Break Down

a. Select an experienced and capable employee to assist in the job breakdown before starting the breakdown: 1. Brief the employee on the purpose 2. Observe the employee as he/she performs the steps 3. Separately record each step of the operation 4. Record each step sequentially and discuss each step with the employee.

b. Apply the following questions as each step is performed and again when all the steps are recorded:

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1. Can the employee strain himself/herself pushing or pulling? 2. Can the employee slip, trip or fall on the same level or another level? 3. Can the employee be exposed to dust, mist, fumes, vapor, or gas? 4. Can he/she be caught in mechanical movement or struck by an object? 5. Can the employee strike against an object?

c. Repeat the observation process, possibly with a different employee, until all hazards

and potential accidents have been identifies. Discuss your findings with the employee you observed as well as others experienced with the job.

(3) Develop Solutions

In developing proper correction where numerous hazardous conditions have been discovered, search for an entirely new way to perform the job and/or different tools, equipment. In some cases, the work goal may be achieved without performing the job being analyzed. Where a job cannot be eliminated or a new way to perform it cannot be found, analyzed the individual hazards and:

a. Change physical conditions where possible b. Change the job procedure. c. Determine Person Protection Equipment needs d. Identify the hazard and train affected employees

(4) Responsibility

The District Safety Office shall monitor the Hazard Identification Program and provide individual on-the-training for Supervisors and Site Safety Monitors where requested. The Supervisor shall determine areas where JSAs will be beneficial in reducing accidents and injuries. Supervisors shall train employees in the basic techniques of JSA. (Note: See sample and Job Safety Analysis for, Figure 8.2-A and Figure 8.2-B).

8.3 SAFETY TAGS, SIGNS AND MARKING OF HAZARDS REF: OSHA 29 NCFR 1910.144 AND 145; ANSI Z53.1 1971; ANSI Z35.1-1972 Many identified hazards cannot be permanently and/or immediately corrected. Temporary tags/signs must be used until the hazard is properly corrected. For other hazards ensuring employee awareness of the need for proper precaution is considered proper abatement. Supervisors of Industrial Maintenance and Instructional Shops shall ensure that assigned employees and students are trained in the use of accident prevention n tags, color standards, in-plant vehicle traffic, and marking physical hazards. Supervisors shall ensure all identified hazards are appropriately marked. (1) Accident Prevention Tags Accident prevention tags are to be considered temporary and used only until the hazard is eliminated. Tags shall be obtained from your supervisor. Tags consist of:

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a. “Do Not Start” tag – Must be located so that it effectively blocks the starting mechanism. It maybe removed when the machine has been properly locked-out

b. “Danger” tag – Indicates that an immediate hazard exists and that special precautions are necessary

c. “Caution” tag – Warns against potential hazards and/or unsafe practices d. “Out-of Control” tag – Equipment is out of order and should not be used

(2) Color Standard Color standard for marking hazards shall be as designated in ANSI Z53.1-1971 and include the following:

a. RED – Danger, used for emergency stops on machines and to identify fire and protection equipment

b. ORANGE – Identifies dangerous pars of machines or energized equipment c. YELLOW – Caution, identifies physical hazards, see OSHA 1910.144 d. GREEN – Used in safety and first aid equipment e. WHITE AND BLACK – Used for traffic and housekeeping f. PURPLE – Designates radiation hazards

(3) Physical Hazards Physical hazards, such as striking against, stumbling, falling, tripping, and caught-in-between, shall be marked using YELLOW as the basic color. Solid Yellow, yellow and black stripes, yellow and black checkers, may be used interchangeably. Apply the combination, which will attract the most attention in the particular environment. Examples are as follows:

a. Expose and unguarded edges of platforms, pits and walls b. Fixtures suspended from ceilings or walls, which extend into normal operation areas c. Handrails, guardrails or top and bottom tread of stairways where caution is needed d. Lower pulley blocks and cranes e. Markings for projections, doorways, traveling conveyors, low beams and pipes, the

frames of elevator ways, and elevator gates f. Materials-handling equipment such as forklifts and hand trucks g. Pillars, posts, or columns which might be struck h. Vertical edge of horizontally sliding pairs of fire doors

8.4 FIRE PREVENTION REF: 6A-2 & 38I-20 FAC REF: 69A-58 633, FL STATUE Fire prevention and protection is integral part of safety programs in all industries. Educational Facilities contain a higher potential for fires than most persons realize. The first line of defense in protection from fires is the proper application of building codes, which contain provisions for fire safety when new buildings are constructed, or existing buildings are renovated or structurally changed. State statute Chapter 1013-12 states that a School Board may not approve any plans for construction, renovation, remodeling or demolition of any education plant unless these plans conform to the requirements of the Florida building code. Further the Board shall provide for periodic inspection of each phase of construction to determined code compliance.

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(1) The following programs and standards, which are integral parts of overall Fire Prevention Program, can be found in other areas of this Safety Manual.

a. Fire inspections shall be performed monthly in conjunction with safety inspection in all work places by the Site Safety Monitor, and annually by Certified Fire Inspectors in accordance with Florida Statue 1013.12

b. Fire detection and protection equipment, such as alarm systems, sprinkler and standpipe systems, fire extinguisher systems, and portable fire extinguishers, shall be installed, inspected, tested and serviced in accordance with appropriate codes and standards. Ref. NFPA

c. All personnel shall be trained in the use of fire extinguishers and emergency plans as well as the fire prevention procedures outlined below

d. Emergency plans shall be established for all worksites having ten (10) or more employees. A sample plan has been included as Appendix A and must be individualized for each worksite

Each plan must include provisions for evacuation. Provisions for disabled employees shall be included in the plan. Your site’s emergency plan should be inserted as Appendix A to this manual. It may also be used as a stand-alone document. (2) Procedures all personnel shall strictly adhere to the following procedures of ire prevention.

Supervisors shall ensure that all employee and students are familiar with rules and procedures applicable to their work environment.

a. All electrical portable cooking or heating equipment must be listed or approved by

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or Factory Mutual (FM). When in doubt, call the District Safety Office for assistance

b. Installation, maintenance, and repair of electrical wiring and fixtures must conform to and/or NEC NFPA 70 and/or 72

c. Heating equipment and appliances shall be removed from service when automatic temperature control devices do not function properly

d. Heating and/or cooking appliances rated at 1500 watts and above shall not be used in convenience outlets

e. All dispensing of flammable liquids or their transfer from one container to another shall be grounded and the two containers shall be bonded. Bonding and grounding systems should be checked regularly electrical continually

f. When possible, avoid the use of highly flammable liquids by using in their place nontoxic and nonflammable (or less flammable) liquids

g. Keep flammable liquids in approved fire-resistant red safety containers with self-closing lids, never in glass containers. Keep all flammable liquids in closed containers when not in use

h. Limit the amount of flammable liquids in the shop area to one day’s supply i. Provide safe operating procedures and local exhaust systems for all processes j. Remove or control all ignition sources such as static electricity, smoking and open flames. k. Provide for adequate clearances between flammable liquid containers or safety cans and

any heat sources

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l. Provide adequate ventilation for all operations involving the use or storage of flammable liquids

m. Anticipate flammable liquid spills and provide a means to control and limit spillage. Use absorbent materials in cleaning up spills. Clean up all spills involving flammable or combustible liquids

n. Make sure that the connections on all drums containing flammable and combustible liquids are vapor and heat tight

o. Always use and handle flammable liquids with extreme caution no matter how familiar they are

p. Store large amounts of flammable liquids in a separate fir-resistant building or rooms, which conform to the applicable standards. Storage tanks should be properly vented and supported by masonry or in diked areas, by poured concrete supports

q. No container for Class I or Class II liquids shall exceed a capacity of one gallon, except that safety cans, may be of two-gallon capacity

r. Not more than ten gallons of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall be stored outside of a storage cabinet or storage room

s. Quantities of flammable and combustible liquids in excel of those identified in this section shall not be stored inside a storage room or storage cabinet

t. Flammable storage cabinets shall be labeled “Flammable-Keep Fire Away” u. Signs for flammable liquids shall state: “No Smoking within 50 Feet” v. No more than 50 gallons of flammable or 60 gallons of combustible liquids may be stored

in a storage cabinet. w. Flammable storage rooms and buildings shall conform to current NFPA code. Portable

fire extinguishers shall be installed and serviced per NFPA 10. All fire extinguishers shall be inspected during monthly safety inspections Non-serviceable and out dated fire extinguishers must be replaced as soon as possible. See inspection checklist

Class Denatured Flash Point Boiling Point I A Gasoline (some ) Pentane Lower than 73 Degrees F Lower than 100 Degrees I B Acetone

Denatured Alcohol Gasoline (some) Naphtha, VM and P Toluene

Lower than 73 Degrees F

At or above 100 Degrees F

I C Xylene At or Above 73 Degrees F Class Combustible Flash Point II Kerosene

Mineral Spirts Naphtha Stoddard Solvent

At or Above 100 Degrees F

Class Combustible Flash Point III Asphalt

Brake Fluid Fuel Oil no 4,5,6

At or Above 140 Degrees F

8.5 ELECTRICAL SAFETY Electricity is a commodity used in all workplaces by all employees on a daily basis. In any use of Electricity a potential hazard exists. The hazards associated with electricity include burns, shocks falls electrocution, and fire. Electrical current cannot be detected through normal senses until it is too late. These inherent characteristics of electricity make it very hazardous.

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When employees are unfamiliar with safe work practices necessary to ensure electrical safety the danger becomes even greater. Statistics demonstrate the need for an electrical safety practice, which applies to all employees. In any one-year, more than one thousand deaths occur from direct contact with electrical current. One-fourth of all industrial fires are caused by electrical malfunction. All electrical installations and repairs are required to comply with the national electrical code; yet electrical code violations are cited by OSHA five (5) times more frequently than the next most cited violation.

(1) Electrical Appliances a. All electrical appliances shall be UL or FN listed and in good repair. Power cords shall not be taped or damaged and must plug directly into the outlet b. Hot plates shall be equipped with temperature control thermostats and be used only on twenty (20) amperes protected circuit receptacles

c. Employees shall not introduce any electrical appliances into the workplace without the express permission of the Manger of Risk Management & Safety d. Extension cords shall not be used to connect any type of heating appliance or equipment unless rated for heating loads e. Electrical apparatus used in aquariums shall not use extension cords must be

connected to a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter protected receptacle f. Electric stoves and irons shall be equipped with power “on” indicators g. Only qualified personnel shall perform electrical repairs h. Only extension cords acquired through the Central Warehouse may be used in the

District

(2) Extension Cords a. Shall be of continuous length without splice, taped or two cords connected b. Shall not be installed through or over floors, windows, walls or ceilings c. Shall not be stapled, taped or otherwise attached to any surface or run under any floor

covering d. Shall be inspected for damage prior to each use e. Shall be removed and properly stored after each use f. Shall not be used in lieu of permanent wiring to connect permanently place fixtures or

appliances g. Damaged cords shall be removed from service and discarded to prevent further use

(3) Electrical Adapters

Adapters shall not be used to increase the capacity of electrical receptacles or extension cords. Exception: An Underwriters Laboratory (UL) approved multiple outlet extension may be used if the adapter is equipped with an integral over-current device that has a total rating of not more than fifteen (15) Amperes. Do not connect these units together.

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(4) Electrically Powered Portable Tools

Safety Standard 29 CFR 1910.304 dictates the use of a written “assured equipment grounding program” or the use of a “ground fault circuit interrupter” (GFCI) for workers using portable power tools. The following procedures are established to comply with the above standard and to ensure safe operation of portable power tools. All District employees who operate electrical power tools shall be knowledgeable of the following: a. The “Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter” (GFCI) program shall be used in lieu of the

assured grounding program for all District remote worksites b. Personnel in established repair shops, such as woodworking shops, mechanical,

vehicle repair, electrical and electronic equipment repair shops where tools are not used for remote or dispatch jobs, shall test each month all receptacles not GFCI protected for proper grounding, using a volt meter

c. Supervisors shall ensure that only qualified employees perform repair on power tools and equipment

d. Portable power tools shall be inspected by the employee prior to each use. Tools with frayed or damaged power cords shall be removed from service until repaired

e. Unserviceable tools shall be tagged with a danger tag stating, “Do not Operate” f. Employees shall be trained in the safe use of power tools, including proper use and

care of drill bits, blades and wheels g. Employees, both qualified and unqualified, shall be trained in the appropriate sections

of 29 CFR 1910.331 through 1910.335. The checklist in Figure 8.5 A shall be used for training and reviewing for compliance with the standards

8.6 HAZARD REPORTING During the course of their work, employees may notice that a particular job or job-related function could expose them to a hazardous condition. In such instances, the employee may develop a modification to the job or procedure to prevent an accident or injury. The modification he/she uses may be the ideal solution to a potential hazard or, conversely, it may introduce some other unforeseen risk. In either situation, the Supervisor and Site Safety Committee should be made aware of any potential hazardous condition employee’s notice and any modification made to their work practices. The following procedures shall be followed when reporting safety hazards.

(1) Employees discovering unsafe conditions, situations or unsafe acts are required to report the hazard or potential hazard to the respective Supervisor or to the Site Safety Committee. Employees may report any condition, which they consider to be a detriment to their safety/health or to that of their fellow workers.

(2) Where the hazard is believed to be a condition or act where serious injury is likely to occur, the report should be verbally reported to the respective Supervisor and immediately followed-up with a written report using the Hazard Report Form shown at Figure 8.8 A. Where the hazard does not need immediate attention, complete the Hazard Report Form and forward it to the Supervisor. The report shall receive the same attention whether it is a signed or anonymous.

(3) Supervisors are responsible for the investigation of each report received and providing a response to the employee. Supervisors shall provide copies of all reports to the Site Safety Committee for review and comments.

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(4) Employees may report hazards to the District Safety Office on the Hazard Report Form. The District Safety Office will respond to complaints whether signed or anonymous.

(5) Employees are encouraged to identify and report unsafe conditions and acts. Reports would be made to the Supervisor and Site Safety Committee. When not resolved at your work location reports would be made to the District Safety Office.

(6) Supervisors shall ensure that all personnel within their areas responsibility are provided proper training for all identified hazards to which they may be exposed.

(7) Supervisors shall maintain a copy of the Hazard Report in the Site Safety File and forward a copy with the corrective action to the District Safety Office. The District Safety Office will review and disseminate any pertinent safety information to other District worksites, which may have similar work functions.

(8) If solutions and/or corrective actions cannot be achieved at site level the report shall be forwarded to the District Safety Office. The District Safety Office is responsible for resolving the issue and providing a response to the employee or the work location where the report originated. Unresolved Hazard Reports shall be sent to the District Safety Committee for discussion and appropriate action.

(9) Supervisors receiving reports involving indoor air quality shall report the problem on the Site Supervisor/Principal who will immediately forward the Hazard Report Form to the Manager of Risk Management & Safety (or call if considered and emergency). Specific procedures for resolving indoor air quality issues are outlined in Section 8.9. Supervisors will make affected employee available for interview.

8.7 HEARING CONSERVATION Over-exposure to noise occurs where the ear is subjected to high levels of noise for a sufficient period of time to indicate and adverse effect on hearing capability. Factors, which determine the degree of hearing loss, include variation in individual susceptibility, total energy of the sound, frequency distribution of the sound, and total daily time of exposure. It is difficult to provide exact rules for worker protection due to the complex relationship of the many variables affecting hearing loss.

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However, criteria have been developed to protect against hearing loss in the speech frequency range. This criterion, known as the Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for noise is shown in Table A below:

Table A Permissible Exposure Duration Per Day Hours

Sound Level dB (A) *

8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1 1/2 102 1 105 3/4 107 1/2 110 1/4 115-C**

(1) Employees and students exposed to sound levels at or above an eight (8) hour time weighted average of 85 decibels on “A” scale shall be provided: a. Proper hearing protectors b. Training as outlined in 1910.95(k)(i) c. An annual hearing test

(2) The District Safety Office will manage the hearing conservation program to include the following: a. Perform noise-level monitoring for areas and operations identified as possible noise

hazards b. Provide proper training in hearing loss risk and the various types of protectors, their

selection, use and care c. Provide a scheduled annual audiometric test for all applicable personnel. d. Maintain records of noise level testing

(3) The Site Supervisors and employees will assist in the identification of areas to be tested for excessive noise level and ensure that the necessary protection is provided and used where appropriate. Supervisors shall maintain records as required by Chapter 11 of this Safety Manual.

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*Sound level in decibels is measured on a sound level meter operating on the weighted network with slow meter response. **Ceiling Value (Employee/Students shall not be subjected to levels above 115-c)

(4) Excessive Noise Identification. The following factors shall be used by supervisors in

determining employee/student exposure to excessive noise levels. When these conditions are noted, notify the District Safety for testing. a. If it is necessary to speak in a loud voice or shout directly into the ear of a person in

order to be understood, the exposure limit for noise is probably being exceeded b. If employees tell you that they have heard noises in their heads and ringing noises in

their ears at the end of a workday, they are likely being exposed to excessive noise c. If employees complain that speech or music sounds seem muffled after working all

day, but sound fairly clear in the morning before they return to work, it may be possible they are being exposed to dangerous noise levels that may cause partial loss of hearing over an extended period of time

8.8 INDDOR AIR QUALITY IN SCHOOLS (1) Indoor air quality (IAQ) refers to the quality of air inside a building as opposed to the quality of

ambient air outside a building. The primary purpose of a building is to protect people from the elements and provide comfort. They should not cause people discomfort, illness, or otherwise affect their ability to perform. (2) The growing use of chemical pollutants in consumer and commercial products, along with the

tendency to develop tighter building envelopes and provide reduced amount of ventilating air add to complaints of odors, stale and stuffy air are the initial results; however, when any strong chemical odors are added to the stale air it shortly becomes an air quality problem.

The precise cause of such problems can sometime elude the professionals, due to the fact that each individual has varying degrees of sensitivity. The type and degree of reaction will vary greatly between persons exposed to the same ambient air. Many of these complaints can be resolved by altering the temperature, relative humidity or ventilation. There are a large number of factors and conditions, which must be evaluated in determining the cause of indoor air quality issues. Indoor air quality (IAQ) in some way affects all students and employees of the Hillsborough County Public Schools. All employees should be familiar with (IAQ) section of the Safety Manual. The school staff, new construction, maintenance and custodial personnel must know and use the IAQ information.

(3) The IAQ program administrator is the Manager of Risk Management & Safety and staff.

When reporting IAQ problems, the more detailed information that is provided, the faster the problem will be resolved. Below are charts listing information that will help to understand basic IAQ issues as well as assist in reporting problems to the District Safety Office.

(4) Inadequate indoor air quality as a hazard in enclosed working and educational facilities is

difficult to determine. The absence of standards and the probability that a standard could be developed further completes the efforts to determine if there is a health hazard and if so, to what extent is the risk of the hazard.

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(5) When the District Safety Office receives complaints of workplace illness , where

contaminated indoor air is suspect; the Area Safety Specialist will conduct an initial investigation.

(6) The initial investigation will consist of data gathering and a walk through survey of the workplace, heating, A/C, and/or ventilation assessment and other known conditions, which could cause the reported symptoms.

(7) After completion of the initial investigation, the principal will be advised of preliminary finding

and recommendations by the District Safety Office staff and/or the consultant.

a. Each principal may notify at his/her discretion the Area Leadership Director of the preliminary findings and recommendations

b. The District Safety Office will assist with corrective actions as determined by the District Safety Manager

(8) Principals may respond to calls received from media representatives and concerned parent groups or refer them to the District Safety Manager.

(9) Upon completion of remedial actions, the District Safety Office staff will re-evaluate each

site involved and notify the Principal (or his/her representative) of the results of the remediation. When not corrected the District Safety Manager will be consulted for further instruction.

(10) The necessity for meetings with parents and/or faculty members will be jointly determined

by the Principal; the Manger of Risk Management & Safety will arrange and chair the meeting.

NOTE: The Chief Human Resources Officer or Manager of Risk Management & Safety will advise the Superintendent and General Director of Maintenance throughout the process were necessary.

(11) If the extended IAQ investigation for persistent IAQ problems, which become extended over

a period of months, either by wrong diagnosis or ineffective remediation. The District Safety Manager, will at his discretion, establish an IAQ project along with an IAQ Committee. Members will be assigned to IAQ project members. Committee will consist of manager of new construction, (as needed). Manager of Risk Management & Safety, Chairman, General Manager of Maintenance, (as needed), principal of effected school, Site Safety Specialist, consultants, (as needed), contractors, (as needed).

(12) Types of air pollutants and potential sources from its furnishings and equipment, its

occupants and their activities produce pollution. Some of the pollutants will be vented outside, some will be removed as outside air enters the building and replaces the inside air. This air exchange is brought about by the mechanical introduction of outside air, the exhausting of indoor air, and normal air exchanged through the building envelope. Common pollutants or pollutant classes of concern in buildings along with common sources of these pollutants are provided below:

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TYPES OF POLLUNTS A. TYPES OF AIR POLLUTANTS AND POTENTIAL SOURCES Pollutant or Pollutant Class Potential Sources

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Lighted cigarettes, cigars, pipes

Combustion Contaminants

Furnaces, generators, gas or kerosene space heaters, tobacco products, outdoor air,

vehicles, & open burning fire Biological Contaminants

Soil , Mold, & Mildew

Wet or damp materials, cooling towers, humidifiers, cooling coils or drain pans, damp

duct insulation or filters, condensation, re-entrained sanitary exhausts, bird droppings,

cockroaches or rodents, & dust mites Soil gases (radon, sewer gas, VOCs, methane)

Soil and rack (radon), sewer drain leak, dry

drain traps, leaking underground storage tanks, & land fill

Pesticides

Termiticides, insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, disinfectants and herbicides

Particles and Fibers

Printing, paper handling, smoke and other combustion, outdoor sources, deterioration of materials construction/renovation, vacuuming,

and insulation

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B. INDOOR SOURCES AND TIPS FOR MITIGATION The following table identifies sources of contaminants commonly found in school buildings and offers some measures for maintaining control of these contaminants. Follow these measures to help maintain a healthy indoor environment. Category/Common Sources Tips for Mitigation and Control Housekeeping and Maintenance Cleansers Use low-emitting products Waxes and polishes Avoid aerosols and sprays Disinfectants Dilute to proper strength Air fresheners Avoid “air fresheners” clean and exhaust

instead Adhesives Do not overuse: use during unoccupied hours Janitor’s storage closet Store properly with containers closed and lid

tight Wet mops Clean mops: store mop top up to dry

Vacuuming Use high efficiency vacuum bag/filters Drain cleaners Use in and store as directed Paints and coatings Solvents Use exhaust ventilation for storage spaces

(eliminate return air) Pesticides Use integrated Pest Management Category/Common Sources Tips for Mitigation and Control Office equipment (printers, copiers) Cooking/Microwave Art supplies Marking pens Paper products Personal products (e.g. perfume)

Use exhaust ventilation with pressure control for major local sources Low emitting art supplies/marking pens Avoid paper clutter Avoid plastics attached to walls Education materials for occupants and staff

Print/Photocopy shop Use exhaust ventilation and pressure control Science laboratory Hair/nail salon Cafeteria Chemical storage

Use exhaust hood where appropriate; check hood airflows

Contaminated filters Contaminated duct lining Dirty drain pan Humidifiers Lubricants Refrigerants Mechanical room Maintenance activities Combustion appliances

Perform HVAC preventive maintenance Use filter change protocol including the date Clean drain pan; proper slope and drainage Use potable water for steam humidification Keep duct lining dry; moved lining outside of duct if possible Fix leaks/clean spills (see filter change protocol) Maintain Clean Equipment

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C. MANAGING MOISTURE AND MOLD Since mold thrives in the presence of moisture, the secret to controlling it is to control moisture relative humidity. Mold comes in at least a thousand different varieties. Molds are most prevalent from the Spring through late Fall except in warm climates where they thrive all year. Mold spores travel with flow of prevailing air and can remain aloft in stagnant air. TIPS FOR MITIGATION AND CONTROL (1) Keep relative humidity below 6% (50% if feasible, to control dust mites) (2) Keep all parts of the building dry that are not designed to be wet (3) Adequately insulate exterior walls or ceilings to avoid condensation on cold surfaces (4) Insulate cold water pipes to avoid sweating (5) Clean spills immediately. Thoroughly clean and dry liquid spills on porous surfaces such as

carpet within 24 hours, or discard the material (6) Thoroughly clean areas that are designed to be wet (7) Clean drain pans often and insure a proper slope to keep water draining (8) Insure proper maintenance and treatment of cooling tower operations (9) Discard all material with signs of mold growth (10) Discard furniture, carpet, or similar porous material having a persistent musty odor (11) Discard ceiling tiles with visible water stains (12) Thorough and equal housekeeping program

Mold is most prevalent IAQ problem today. Mold is a fungi and can be found wherever there is:

1. Moisture 2. Oxygen 3. Warmth 4. Food

Molds exist in two forms. The first form is the mycelia stage, which is the growing stage and is the time when easiest to destroy. The other stage is the dormant stage. The name is elusive because this is when the fungus is putting off spores and mycotoxins and making it harder to destroy. When the moisture stops it does not mean that the mold has stopped growing.

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D. PROTOCOLS Type of Protocol Solution Remodeling and Renovation

Effective strategies for material selection and installation isolate construction activity from occupants.

Painting Establish a protocol for painting and insure that the protocol is followed by both in-house personnel and by contractors. Use low VOC emission fast drying paints where feasible. Paint during unoccupied hours. Keep lids on paint containers when not in use. Ventilate the building with significant quantities of outside air during and after painting. Insure a complete building flush prior to occupancy. Use more than normal outside air ventilation for some period after occupancy. Avoid spraying when possible.

Pest Control Integrate Pest Management Use or require the use of integrate pest management by pest control contractors in order to minimize the use of pesticides when managing pests. Control dirt, moisture, clutter foodstuff, harborage and building penetrations to minimize pests. Use pesticides only where pests are located. Use pesticide specifically formulated for the targeted pest. Apply pesticides only during unoccupied hours. Ventilate the building with significant quantities of outside air during after applications. Insure a complete building flush prior to occupancy use more than normal outside air ventilation for some period after occupancy. Notify occupants prior to occupation. If applying outside, keep away from air intake. Establish and enforce a program to prevent pests.

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8.9 PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT: The risk of future injuries is greatly decreased when special attention is paid to the construction and layout of industrial shops relative to the safety requirements for the planned process. The risk may be further reduced by the prudent purchasing of installed equipment, which contains safety oriented engineering. Where it is impractical to eliminate or control hazards by engineering revision, safeguarding, limiting exposure to hazardous dust, vapor or bringing excessive noise to acceptable levels, the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is mandatory. It is necessary to consider certain general guidelines for assessing the foot, head, eye, and face hazard situations that exist in an occupational or educational operation or process and to match the protective devices to the particular hazard. The areas of personal protection include the head, eyes, face, ears, lungs, hands, feet, and body. Strict selection and control of the Personal Protection Equipment is essential to ensure that adequate protection is maintained with minimal cost. (1) Responsibilities:

a. The District Safety Office staff shall perform a hazard assessment at each school site. The assessment will determine if hardware present or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of Personal Protection Equipment. If such hazards are present, the District Safety Office will so indicate on the Safety Survey Form and:

1. Discuss each item with the Site Administrator/Principal or Site Safety Monitor. 2. Ensure that defective or damaged protective equipment is not used.

b. The Site Administrator/Principal is responsible for the selection, purchase, fitting, and maintenance of the protective equipment required as a result of the mandatory assessment reference in 29CFR 1910.132(d); he/she shall: 1. Require each effected employee/student use the types of PPE that will protect him/her per assessment report. 2. Ensure that defective or damaged protective equipment is not used.

3. Assure the adequacy, proper maintenance and sanitation of PPE provided to employees.

The Safety Specialist conducting the assessment shall perform the survey using the guidelines of Appendix “B” of 29 CFR 1910. Subpart i. When no deficiencies are discovered, the Safety Survey Form will state the following on the report. “This document certifies that a PPE assessment has been conducted” and identify on the report any rooms/areas that was excluded.

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(2) Instruction, Use and Maintenance: Supervisors shall ensure proper training is provided in the use, maintenance, care, and limitation of all PPE. The Training shall be note on the employees training record. Supervisors shall aggressively enforce the use of PPE as follows:

a. Selected PPE shall be capable of being cleaned and disinfected. It shall be cleaned and disinfected before each use when provided for more than one person

b. Employees shall check PPE prior to use for cleanliness and proper operation c. Employees shall be responsible for proper use, maintenance and protection of issued PPE d. Proper disposal of single use of PPE

(3) Eye and Face Protection: REF ANSI A87.-1989

a. Specific operations, which require eye and/or face protection include, but are not limited to employees or students who may be exposed to the following: 1. Welding operations 2. Machining of any materials causing flying chips 3. Injurious radiations, dusts, fumes, gases, and vapor mists 4. Sledging, hammering, chipping, scaling, drilling, grinding, chiseling, wire brushing and caulking operations 5. Handling chemicals, acids, caustics and molten metal 6. Where there is a reasonable probability of injury that may be prevented by protectors

b. Protective devices which exhibit broke parts, heat distortion, or excessive scratches on the lens, shall be removed from the service

(4) Head Protection: REF ANSI Z89.1-1986

Specific operations that require helmets (hard hats) are building maintenance and construction operations where there is a possibility of materials or tools falling from above. This applies to employees, students, and visitors on the site.

a. Helmets shall be of the following types and classes: 1. Type 1- Shall have a full brim 2. Type 2- Shall have no brim but may include a peak. 3. Class A – Reduces the force of impact of falling objects and reduces the danger of contact with exposed low voltage conductors. Proof tested at 2200 volts (phase to ground)

4. Class B- Reduces the force of impact of falling objects, and reduced the danger of contact with exposed high voltage conductors. Proof tested at 20,000 volts (phase to ground)

5. Class C-Reduces impact of falling objects, but offers no electrical protection. b. Helmets shall not be abused. They should be free from abrasions, scrapes, and nicks.

They shall not be dropped, thrown, or used as supports. Damaged helmets cannot provide the protection intended.

c. Helmets shall be inspected daily before first use for evidence of dents, cracks penetration, or damage that might reduce the degree of safety originally provided

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c. Employees or students working in areas where hair can reasonably be expected to

become entangled in machinery or in any way cause an accident or injury to themselves or other employees shall wear a hair net or cap to reduce the probability of injury.

(5) Foot Protection: REF: ANSI X41.1-1983 The Supervisor/Teacher shall ensure that each effected employee or students is provided and uses protective footwear when the need is determined as a result of the PPE hazard assessment. (6)Respiratory: Written standards and operating procedures governing the selection and use of respirators are required per 29 CFR 1910.134. A sample plan is provided as Appendix D. Site-specific requirements must be added to the sample program. The District Safety Office is responsible for establishing respirator programs where required. (7) Other PPE:

a. The safety regulations do not provide specific requirements for other types of PPE except by the following general statement, which shall be used in conjunction with the assessment by Site Administrators/Principals to determine the need for special gloves, aprons, hoods, boots, and electrical protective equipment. Standard 29 CFR 1910.132(a) states: “Personal Protective Equipment, including protection for eyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices, protective shields and barrier, shall be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards or mechanical irritants encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact”

b. Eyewash and shower installations shall be provided where hazardous materials/chemicals are handled, transferred, or stored. Examples are: battery charging areas, chemical labs and certain painting/spraying operations.

c. Ear Protection is covered in Section 8.7 (Hearing Conservation) (8)Record Keeping Supervisors shall maintain records for the issuing, maintaining, testing, and inspecting of PPE, as required in the individual standards.

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JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS FORM

JOB LOCATION: CARPENTER SHOP DATE OF ANALYSIS: 11/10/14

JOB TITLE: CARPENTER

JOB BEING ANALYZED: Radial arm saw maintenance

SEQUENCE OF JOB STEPS

HAZARDS NEW PROCEDURE OR PROTECTION

1. Shut saw off 1. Cuts lacerations or bruises of hands & fingers if saw is energized

1.Use proper Lockout Tagout

1. Get a new blade 2A. Cuts & lacerations to hands & fingers

2A. Wear leather gloves when handling saw blades

2B. Stuck by flying pieces of the new saw blade

2B. Always inspect new saw blades for damage before installation

3.Remove lock bolt and open housing door

3. Pinch point to hands & fingers from machine housing

3. Grasp door at the top to avoid pinch point with machine housing

4. Remove nut holding saw blade on shaft

4. Wrench slipping off of nut, cuts to hands & fingers

4. Inspect nut for wear, replace if needed. Use correct size wrench for nut.

5. Remove old blade 5. Cuts, lacerations of hands, fingers, or arms

5. Wear leather gloves and long sleeves when working with or near saw blades.

6. Install new blade 6. Cuts, lacerations of hands, fingers, or arms

6. Wear leather gloves and long sleeves when working with or near saw blades.

7.Align flange and tighten nut 7A. Wrench slipping off of nut, cuts to fingers and hands

7A. Inspect nut for wear, replace if needed, use correct size.

7B. Bump against saw blade, cuts and lacerations to hands or arm

7B. Wear leather gloves, and long sleeves when working with or near saw blades.

8. Close housing door and insert lock bolt

8. Pinch point to hands and fingers between door and housing

8. Grasp door at the top to avoid pinch point with housing

9.Remove lock and tags 9. No apparent hazard 9. Return tags and locks to their proper storage location.

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JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS FORM

JOB LOCATION: DATE OF ANALYSIS: JOB TITLE: JOB BEING ANALYZED: SEQUENCE OF JOB STEPS HAZARDS NEW PROCEDURE OR

PROTECTION

Fig. 8.2-B

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ELECTRICAL SAFETY-RELATED WORK PRACTICES

This checklist is provided to assist organizations in reviewing compliance with OSHA Standard

29 CFR 1910.331 through 1010.335. Refer to the complete Standard for details. References Item Yes No Comments 1910.331 SCOPE (a) Covers qualified and unqualified

persons

(1) Premise wiring (2) Wiring for connection to supply: (3) Other wiring (4) Optical fiber cable along with

electrical conductors.

(b) Other covered work by unqualified persons.

(c) Excludes work by qualified persons on or directly associate with.

(1) Generation, transmission, and distribution installations. Note: 1. Work on or with utilization on or with utilization equipment is covered.

(2) Communications installations (per 1910.268)

(3) Installations in vehicles (4) Railway installations

1910.332 TRAINING (a) For employees who face a risk of

electrical shock (50) volts or more) that is not reduced to a safe level by the electrical installation (1910.303-308). Including:

Blue Collar supervisors Electrical and electronic

engineers

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers

Electrical and electronic technicians

Electricians Industrial machine operators Material handling equipment Mechanics and repairers Painters Riggers and roustabouts Stationary engineers Welders Fig. 8.5-A

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References Item Yes No Comments (b) (1) Employees trained are familiar with

this standard.

(2) Unqualified persons trained in and familiar with any electrically related safety practice not covered by this standard by necessary for their safety

(3) Qualified persons trained in and familiar with (minimum)

(1) Skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed live parts from other parts of electric equipment.

(1) Skills and techniques necessary to distinguish exposed live parts from other parts of electric equipment.

(II) Voltage determination (III) Clearance distance (1910.333)(c)

(c) Training determination by the risk to the employee

1910.333 SELECTION AND USE OF WORK PRACTICES

(a) Safety-related work practices employed to prevent electrical shock and other injuries including:

(1) De-energized parts which may be energized.

(2) Energized parts (b) (1) Procedure provided for work on or

near expose de-energized

(2) Energized parts (I) Written procedure provided for work

on or near exposed de-energized parts.

(II) De-energizing equipment Note: Exceptions include emergency Equipment continuous process etc.

(c) Working on or near exposed energized parts

(1) Employees near enough to be exposed.

(2) Only qualified persons work on energized parts.

(3) Overhead lines de-energized and grounded prior to working near them or other protective measures used.

(1) Unqualified persons working near overhead likes shall not come closer or conductive objects they contact come closer than: Feet Voltage 10 feet 50kv 10 Feet plus 4 inches for every 10kv over 50kv

Fig. 8.5A

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References Item Yes No Comments (II) Qualified person

Refer to Table S-5 in Standard

(III) Vehicular and mechanical equipment maintain 10 feet clearance minimum plus 4 inches for every 10 feet kv.

In transit, 4 feet plus inches for every 10 kv over 50 kv Insulating barriers within the

designed dimensions Aerial life (insulated) operated by a

qualified person must comply with Table S-5.

Employees standing on ground do not contact the vehicle unless: * Rated protective equipment used

* Equipment may not stand at the grounding location for overhead lines.

Employee may not stand at the grounding location for overhead lines

(4) Illumination provided for spaces for safe work.

(5) Protective shields and barriers provided and used for work in confined spaces to protect against exposed energized parts.

(6) All conductive materials such as pipes, rods, etc., handled to prevent contact with exposed energized conductors.

(7) Portable ladders with nonconductive side rails used when they could contact exposed energized parts.

(8) Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing such as watches, rings, ect. Worn if they might contact exposed energized parts.

(9) Housekeeping conducted only when energized parts may not be contacted. Barriers provided and nonconductive cleaning materials used.

1910.334 USE OF EQUIPMENT

(a) Portable electric equipment such as cord and plug-connected equipment including flexible cord sets are covered

(1) Handled in a manner to avoid damage *Not used to raise or lower equipment *Not fastened with staples or hung so as to damage insulation.

(2) (1) Visually inspected before each use on any shift

(II) Defective removed from service and not used until rendered safe.

Fig. 8.5A

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References Item Yes No Comments (III) Plugs and receptacles mate properly (3)(I) Flexible grounding-type cords have

grounding conductor

(II) Connect plugs and receptacles to provide proper grounding and avoid grounding pole connection to current-carrying parts.

(III) Adapter which interrupts grounding continuity not used.

(4) Approved equipment utilized for work in highly conductive work locations (wet conditions ect.)

(5)(I) Employees’ hands are not wet when plugging and unplugging flexible cords and cord and plug connected equipment, if energized equipment is involved.

(II) Insulating protective equipment used when energized plug and receptacle connections must be handled (wet conditions ect.

(III) Locking-type connectors are properly secured after connections

(b) Electric power and lighting circuits (1) Only load rated switches, circuits

breakers, used as disconnecting means

(2) Circuits not manually reenergized until determined that is safe to do so.

(3) Overcurrent protection of circuits are not modified

(c) Test instruments and equipment (1) Used by qualified person only (2) Visually inspected before use (3) Rated to circuits tested and designed

for environment. NOTE: If circuit tested us over 600 volts, normal, check test equipment for proper operation immediately before and immediately before and immediately after the test.

(d) Flammable or ignitable materials Electric equipment capable of igniting flammable or ignitable materials are not used.

1910.335 SAFEGUARDS FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTION

(a) Protective Equipment including Personal Protective Equipment

(1)(I) Used when there is potential electrical hazards and appropriate for parts of body protected

(II) Maintained in safe and reliable condition and periodically inspected (per 1910.31).

(III) Protected from damage during use (IV) To protect head from damage during

use

(v) To protect head from electric shock of burn and is nonconductive

Fig. 8.5-A

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References Item Yes No Comments

(2) General protective equipment and tools (I) Use insulated tools or handling

equipment when conductors may be contracted

(A) Insulated fuse handling equipment used to remove or install fuses when terminals energized

(B) Ropes and hand lines used near energized parts are nonconductive

(II) Protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating materials used to protect employees working near exposed energized parts.

(b) Alerting techniques (1) Safety sign and tags used when

necessary to warn employees about electrical hazards (1910.145)

(2) Barricades used with safety signs when necessary to prevent or limit employees’ access to work areas with uninsulated energized conducts or parts.

(3) Attendances stationed to warn when signs and barricades are not sufficient

Completed By:

Title: Date:

Completed By:

Title: Date:

Fig.8.5-A

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SCHOOL DISTRICT OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY

DISTRICT SAFETY HAZARD REPORT

To: Site Safety Monitor/Principal/Safety Office

1. Person making report (optional) _______________________________ Phone: ____________________________

2. Report received by: ___________________________________________________ 3. Check appropriate category Employee _____ Student _____ Parent ____ Visitor____

4. Has hazard caused accidents: Yes ________ No ________

5. Location of problem (Please be specific)

Site Name: __________________________________________________________ Building #:___________________________________________________________ Room #: ____________________________________________________________ Other: ______________________________________________________________

6. Is the hazard considered life threatening? If yes, call District Safety Office immediately.

7. Description of problem:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Recommendation /Corrective Action: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Completed follow-up with applicable department to implement corrective action: _______________________________________________________________________

10. Date recommendation / corrective action completed:_____________________________

11. Investigator / Reviewer: ___________________________________________________

12. Attach addition Information.

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