chapter 8 - iee - draft

7/31/2019 Chapter 8 - Iee - Draft

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Project:Pre-Feasibility Studies & Priority Ranking of 22 Small/MediumDam Sites and Feasibility Study of 10 Small/Medium Dams and Related Structures

in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan Provinces

8.0 INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

8.1 INTRODUCTION

The Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW) of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is

intending to utilise resources available under the World Bank-funded Emergency

Irrigation Rehabilitation Project (EIRP) The water resources schemes being targeted

under the project are small to medium dams, supplying nearby irrigable areas and

provision of other water resources infrastructure such as micro or mini-hydro

facilities. The government strategies behind such activities are to develop long termstrategy to manage water resources which will in turn help in increasing availability

and reliability of water supplies, improving water use efficiency, eliminating

unsustainable land use practices, expanding the irrigated command area and

increasing sustainable agricultural production in Afghanistan.

This IEE has been prepared as part of Pre-Feasibility Studies &Priority Ranking of

22 Small/Medium Dam Sites in Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and SamanganProvinces. The IEE at this pre-feasibility stage addresses the subjective

environmental impacts due to construction of the proposed project and also the

environmental management and monitoring aspects relating to project

implementation. The project proponent is Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW).

8.2 PROJECT LOCATION

The proposed project,sites are located in the northern part of the Afghanistan

covering five provinces namely, Faryab, Jawzjan, Saripul, Balkh and Samangan

province.. The list of the site along with other details such as province, latitude,

longitude, village name and district are given in the table 8.1.. It can be seen that out

of 22 project sites 10 sites lie in Samangan province, five sites in Faryab province,

two in Balkh province, three in Saripul province and two in Jawzjan province. The

elevation of the project sites range from less than 500 m to more than 2500 m aMSL

Chapter-8 : IEE 8-1 WRD, WAPCOS LimitedMarch-2012


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Table 81: Location Details of 22 identified dam sites for PFR and/or FR study


S.N. Name ofProposed Dam

Province District Village Latitude Longtitude

1 Shamar Samangan Aybeek center Shalaktu 36 14' 5.7" 68 13' 19"

2 Quran dara Samangan Hazrat Sultan Sharik yar 36 25' 21" 68 9' 34.5"

3 BatoBaba(Quchandara )

Samangan Dar-e- Yousif Mahadun Tur 36 13' 42.8" 68 4' 36.8"

4 Chashma Dara Samangan Firoz Naghjir 36 29' 39.5" 67 40' 26"

5 Shiraba Dam Sar-e-Pul Center 36 08' 33" 66 09' 5"

6 Masjet Sabz Sar-e-Pul Sang charak Masjet Sabz 35 50' 49" 66 19' 30"

7 Gudara Dam Sar-e-Pul Center 35 49' 43.8" 66 22' 57.3"

8 Pascha Dam Balkh Char Kant 36 20' 37.9" 67 26' 19.9"

9 Shakrak Faryab Kohistanat Bandar 35 19' 38" 64 34' 45.1"

10 Yati Quluq Faryab Qaisar Nareen 35 47' 23"' "

64 20' 38"' "

11 Toi Mast Dam Faryab Qaisar 35 35' 20.5" 64 15' 17.1"

12 Darz Aab Dam Jozjan Darz Ab 36 0' 13.8" 65 21' 52.5"

13 Fayz Abad Dam Jozjan Fayz Abad 36 29' 33" 66 20' 42"14 Shah Abdullah Samangan Dar-e- Yousif Mahadun Tur 36 0' 26" 67 35' 7.4"

15 Anbar Samangan Royia dow AabNawaz ah waroyai

35 43' 50" 68 2' 5.24"

16 Jahil Kala Samangan Upper Dar-e- 35 36' 53" 67 7' 54.6"

17 Tangi Shadyan Balkh Mazar Shadyan 36 34' 6.3" 67 8' 31"

18 Pasha Dara Faryab Pashtoon Kot Pasha Dara 35 53' 09" 64 48' 30"

19 Dahane Dara Faryab Pashtoon Kot Daraghzi 35 49' 34" 64 51' 54"

20 Kol e Rehmat Samangan Royee Doad Qarghana 35 33' 0" 68 0' 24"

21 Dara e Negaar Samangan Royee Doad Royee 35 45' 08" 67 53' 0"

22 Ab e Keli SamanganKhuram &Sarbagh

Cloor e Baala 35 52' 22" 67 56' 48"


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8.3 OBJECTIVES

The Phase 1 of assignment is aimed to formulate 22 water resources schemes

comprising small to medium dams, diversion works based on pre-feasibility grading

studies and investigations. These schemes are to be evaluated on a common basis

using criteria that are to be evolved by the Consultant in consultation with water

management department, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (IRA) and with approval of

the Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW), IRA. This preliminary assessment will

target schemes which are superior technically and easy to implement, which give

better returns and have minimal environmental and social impacts. In the second

phase, at the feasibility level, Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) will be

carried out for the 10 most technically suited schemes. The brief scope of work is

given below:

Review of available reports, maps and other existing literature

Undertake an Initial Environmental Examination and an Initial Social

Assessment to rank the 22 potential sites, at prefeasibility level

Carry out the Environmental and Social Assessment, at the

feasibility stage, for the 10 most technically suited sites

The main objective of the IEE is to identify the likely impacts, both positive and

negative on the environment caused due to implementation of the proposed

schemes. The basic objective is to minimize the negative environmental and social

impacts of such development. In order to achieve this objective, all negative impacts

have to be mitigated and the costs of doing so should be included in the economic

analysis of the project.



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8.4 METHODOLOGY FOR IEE

The IEE has been prepared following the methodology laid down in the

Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) prepared for the

Irrigation Restoration and Development (IRD) Project of the Islamic Republic of

Afghanistan, WB Guidelines, Law on the Protection of Nature of the Government of

Afghanistan, and discussions with the National Environmental Protection Agency

(NEPA) and MEW, IRA. The experiences of other studies in preparing IEEdocumentation have also been reviewed.

This IEE was prepared based on reconnaissance field visit and review of secondary

data. This report covers the description of existing environmental conditions,

subjective assessment of impacts caused by the project, recommended mitigation

measures and monitoring plan for the Important Environmental Components (IECs).

The environmental impacts were considered for activities that are expected to take

place during pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the project.

This IEE Study is the result of an intensive inter-disciplinary effort. The data from the

following disciplines were reviewed and incorporated into this study.

- Climate

- Geology

-Seismology

-Hydrology

-Sociology



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8.4 POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

The National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) is the prime environmental

regulatory and approval authority in Afghanistan .It was constituted in 2005. The Act

under which NEPA was established specifies that the proponents of any project,

plan, policy or activity must submit to NEPA a preliminary Environmental

Assessment, in order to allow NEPA to determine the associated potential adverse

effects and possible impacts. After reviewing the preliminary assessment, NEPA can

either authorize - with or without conditions the project, plan, policy or activity,

provided that the potential adverse effects of the proposed activities on the

environment are unlikely to be significant. Otherwise, NEPA may require the

proponents to submit a detailed environmental impact statement including a

comprehensive mitigation plan for its review and approval.

8.4.1 The Environment Law and the EIA Regulation for IRDP project

It is envisaged that all subprojects and activities of the IRD project fall under

Category 2, which comprises activities with potentially adverse, site specific impacts,

primarily of non-irreversible nature.

The Afghan EIA Regulation requires for Category 2 that the project proponent and

owner should submit an application form and a screening report to NEPA. The

documents should be meeting the agency is required technical guidelines for thescreening report, i.e., description of the activities, completion of Rapid Environmental

Assessment (REA) to identify potential impacts and their sources and the relevant

mitigation measures, public participation in the assessment process and etc.

Once the application form and other relevant documents are submitted to NEPA

according to the agency EIA regulation NEPA would: (i) issue a Certificate of

Compliance, with or without conditions, (ii) advise the applicant in writing to review



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the technical reports and address the concern of NEPA. According to the EIA

regulation NEPA would grant a Certificate of Compliance or would refuse to do so

and provide written reasons for the refusal to the applicant. The EIA regulations are

silent on NEPA rules during implementation of the activities and projects.

The NEPA of Afghanistan is the responsible agency to give environmental clearance

for various development projects. The Project components shall be in accordance

with the environmental requirements of the Government of Afghanistan & World

Bank Guidelines This IEE is prepared in accordance with the guidelines laid down in

the ESMF prepared for the IRD Project of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, The

National Environmental Impact Assessment Policy of the Islamic Republic of

Afghanistan and WB Guidelines.

8.4.2 Environmental Policies, Laws and Regulations:

The National Environmental Impact Assessment Policy 2007 of IRA indicates that a

project is classified Category 1 if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental

impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented, and affects an area broader

than the sites or facilities subject to physical works.

A project is classified as Category 2 if its potential adverse environmental impacts

on human populations or environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. wetlands, forests,

grasslands and other natural habitats) are less adverse than those of Category 1

projects. These impacts are site specific, and few are irreversible.

Relevant Government environmental legislative documents are as follows:

-Water Law 2009

-Environmental Law 2007

-National EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Policy 2007

-The Law on Land Expropriation 2005



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-Law on the Preservation of Afghanistans Historical and Cultural Heritage, 2004 The

-Law on Pasture and Public Land 2000

The IEE have been prepared considering these policies, rules and guidelines.

8.4.3 World Bank Guidelines

The World Banks OD 4.01 Environmental Assessment of January 1999 indicatesthe kind of projects which are categorized as A projects and for which a full

environmental assessment (EA) is required. These projects include most of those

having large population displacement impacts. Category B projects do not require a

full EA but do require some environmental analysis. As the present study is a pre-

feasibility level investigation, an IEE is prepared. The sections most relevant to

Environmental Assessment have been reviewed for the present study:

OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment

OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats

OP 4.07 Water Resources Management

OP/BP 4.36 Forestry

OP 4.37 Dam Safety

8.5. PROJECT BENEFITS-ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

The major benefit associated with the construction of The Proposed Project is the

availability of a more reliable water supply for irrigation,hydropower and domestic

uses in the project area. The dam will create a reservoir which may be used for

fishery and enhance the potential for increased agricultural production in the area



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downstream of the reservoir. The Project will improve terrestrial and aquatic

ecology, and overall biodiversity in the project impact area; stabilize irrigation

systems in these district. In addition, the objectives are to improve living conditions

and quality of life and to reduce poverty among people living in rural areas where

water availability and access to water are matter of serious concerns. The Project

will help the district to develop effective and sustainable management of irrigation

and to ensure reliable distribution of water. The project will result in reduced risk of

water-borne diseases with the better access to adequate potable water supply in the

area.

8.6 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

8.6.1 Physical Environment

Topography

Mountains dominate in the project area. The topography is characterized by valleys,

mountains, valley margins which are insignificantly vegetative with alluvial deposits

draining from the river.

Soil and Geological Characteristics

The river valley is covered with flood plain deposit of thickness 1 m. The deposit consists ofsub-rounded to rounded cobbles, pebbles and gravel of various igneous and sedimentary rocksin the matrix of sand and silt. Some boulders are deposited along the flood plain (photo 3.1).

The hill slopes are stable and free of any major geological disturbances.

Seismology

The northern, northeastern and southeastern parts of the country are characterized

to have a high to very high seismic risk, while the western and central parts have a

low to moderate seismic risk.

The Machalgho dam site is located in the high hazard zone to the very high hazard

zone according to the seismic hazard map of the country.

Climate

The climate of the project area is dry and temperate. Winter temperatures are low



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and the temperature can go below -15C for many weeks during winter. In the project

area, annual maximum monthly mean temperature is 10.9 C and the minimum is

-1.1C. Climate profile of the nearby Gardez meteorological station is given in Table

8.2

Table 8.2: Climatic Condition of the Gardesh (Average of 2004-07)

Month T max T min T mean Relative

Humidity

Rainfall

oC oC oC % mm

Jan -0.7 -24.5 -12.6 77.05 22.5

Feb 3.8 -9 -2.6 80.63 57.3

Mar 6.6 -2.6 2 58.5 71.4

Apr 11 -2.4 4.3 39.64 42.1May 16.6 8.7 12.65 24.4 16.8

Jun 17.6 9 13.3 24.26 52.2

Jul 22.9 12.4 17.65 30.51 1.8

Aug 19 13.2 16.1 42.53 26.7

Sep 14.4 5.8 10.1 28.37 2.6

Oct 12.8 2.2 7.5 33.87 0.8

Nov 6.2 -5 0.6 62.5 33.1

Dec 0 -20.4 -10.2 76.27 46.2

Mean\Total 10.9 -1.1 4.9 48.2 362.4

Annual rainfall of the project area is observed to be 362 mm. Three-fourth rainfall of

the annual rainfall is occurred in the first half of the year (January to June)

Hydrology

The main source of water in the project area is Mechalghu River. The average

dependable flows are 13.13 M cu m. The level of water in the rivers oscillates

greatly. 70% of the flow is observed in the month of March July. The highest flow

is in April and May (3.3-5.6 cumec) and the lowest flow is observed in January (1.25

cumec). To facilitate the augmentation of water, a dam has been proposed across

the Mechalghu River near Wach Sakh Kala village. The catchment area of the river

at the point of diversion is about 66.85 km2.

3.4 Noise

No noise monitoring data is available in the project area and it is expected that noise

quality will conform to international noise standards with low background noise level.



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The field visit also reveals that vehicular traffic, which is low in volume, is the main

source of noise level.

High noise levels can interfere with communication, damage hearing, cause

sleep deprivation, and disrupt concentration. Noise is measured logarithmically in

decibels (dB). Due to its logarithmic scale, if a noise increases by 10 dB, it

sounds as if the noise level has doubled. If a noise increases by 3 dB, the

increase is just barely perceptible to humans. Often sound is measured as

"Aweighted;"

this filters out low frequency sounds which humans are unable to hear

and is more indicative of the noise people actually hear. In general, the Sound

Pressure Level from an outdoor noise source radiates out from the source,

decreasing 6 dB per doubling of distance. Thus, a noise measured at 80 dB 50

feet away from the source will be 74 dB at 100 feet, 68 dB at 200 feet, and 62 dB

at 400 feet.

Mazar-e-Sharif Environmental AssessmentMarch 29, 2007

Due to the potential for sleep disruption, loud noises between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m.

are normally considered more annoying than loud noises during the day.

Therefore, community noise levels are often measured by the Day-Night Average

Sound Level (Ldn), which is an average of noise in a 24-hour period; however, a

10 dB penalty is added to noise between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. In the United States,

there is a goal of 55 dB for Ldn in outdoor spaces.

3.4.1 Affected Environment

The area surrounding the site is rural.

3.4.2 Environmental Consequences

3.4.2.1 Construction lmpacts

Dam construction would require equipment for excavation, such as backhoes,

front loaders, bulldozers, and dump trucks; materials-handling equipment, such

as cement mixers and cranes; and, compressors, generators, and pumps. Noise



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generated from this type of equipment would range from 87 to 99 dBA at 30 feet

(Cowan, 1994), which would be equivalent to 57 to 69 dBA at 1,000 feet.

Construction is expected to temporarily increase noise levels in the vicinity.

Given the distance to the nearest homes, construction noise from the dam is of no

concern.

Construction activities would also increase traffic on local roads. Large trucks

would produce noise levels around 89 dBA at 30 feet (Cowan, 1994), which is

equivalent to 77 dBA at 120 feet.

3.4.2.2 Operational lmpacts

Dam construction and development would generally increase noise levels. In

addition, generator use and increased traffic will contribute to noise levels. This

increase would depend on many factors, including size of the park, types of

facilities, use of noise control devices, number of employees, and the amount of

increased traffic. However, given the distance to the nearest homes, operational

noise from the dam is of no concern.

Mitigation Measure:

Project engineers will examine several approaches to cutting generator noise.

Noise barriers and air intake silencers can provide significant noise reduction.

Noise also can be cut through modifications to a generator's exhaust, intake,

ventilation, enclosure and mounting. Sound attenuation baffles can be installed

on the cooling air inlet and outlet.

Another possible approach to reducing noise is limiting the hours of operation.

When power demands drop, generator operation also may decrease.

3.5 Cultural and Historical Resources


Mazar-e-Sharif and Balkh Province have a long history of human occupation.

There is, however, no record of the site hosting cultural or historical resources.




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Cultural and historical resources should not be affected by construction of the

proposed dam.

.

3.6 Air Quality

Afghanistan has not yet established its ambient air quality standard. There were no

data available on ambient air quality of this area. However, air pollution does not

constitute a major problem in the study area but its reliance on inexpensive energy

has created some issues. Most vehicles run on diesel fuel, and household energy

often relies on burning wood and other materials. As a result, air pollution in urban

areas is visible and may pose health issues.

Apart from wind borne dust during dust storms, ambient air quality in the project area

is likely to be good based on the following characteristics: (i) all the dam sites will be

situated in the rural areas or barren lands (ii) there are no industrial activities existing

in the project area. In the absence of site specific air quality data, the only reliable

means to assess the air quality in the project area is the clear visibility of thesurrounding area. As all the dams will be situated in the rural areas having no major

industry and other air polluting object in the surroundings, it can be concluded that

the air quality in the project area is generally good and does not contain any

materials harmful to the environment.

The major factors affecting the air quality in the Project area are dust emissions from

fuel combustion and brick kilns. Dust from the unpaved roads is the major source of

air pollution in rural areas.

Presently, unleaded petrol is sold in Afghanistan. There is hardly movement of 1 or 2

vehicle in a day on this project road because it is cart road and this is situated in

rural area, so that possibility of lead pollution along the road is negligible.

The project area is not characterized by any formal or informal industrial activities to



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create considerable air pollution, but smog and heavy concentrations of airborne

particulates are common phenomenon in the project influence area due to dust.

Within the project areas there are no industries, so air quality is considered relatively

clean.

Climate factors can affect air quality. In the project area, March and April are the

wettest months at roughly 40 millimeters/month.

The month of August is the driest, averaging 0 millimeters/month. The average

monthly air temperature ranges from 39F in January to 90F in July.


A 2004 article highlighted some of the growing air pollution problems affecting

Afghanistan (Saba, D., April 2004). Earlier, the January 2003 UNEP Post-

Conflict Environment Assessment Report carried out air sampling at Mazar-e-

Sharif and other sites in Afghanistan. At all sites, results indicate high amounts

of dust and concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Benzo-apyrene

is one of the pollutants detected and is believed to increase risk of lung

cancer. The highest concentrations were detected in Mazar-e-Sharif, where

analyses show 13.6 Nglm3. The World Health Organization (WHO) average

values for urban areas range from 1 to 10 Nglm3.


Temporary and intermittent air quality impacts would be associated with site

preparation and construction activities. Air pollution from construction equipment,fugitive dust emissions from operation of this equipment during dry conditions,

and increased traffic during construction would cause some minor and temporary

air quality issues. However, the project team can use reasonable precautions to

prevent fugitive dust emissions.

3.7 Water Quality



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There is no water quality data is available in project area. Any site work on

infrastructure will be consistent with applicable codes and standards. When codes

and standards are in conflict, the most stringent shall apply. Further, all work shall be

designed and constructed to meet all Afghanistan codes, standards and laws. In the

absence of Afghanistan codes, standards and laws, internationally recognized

codes, standards, and laws shall be used.


3.7.1 .I Surface Water

Mazar-e-Sharif is located in between the Rud Khana-e Shahi (Shahi River) and

the Balkh River. The Balkh river, with its 18 tributaries, makes it independent of

other water sources of the region.

Balkh province consists of Balkh, Charbulak, Sholagra, Daulatabad, Nahri Shahi,

Chimtal Shoortipa, Charkent and Mazar-e-Sharif districts. Most of the population

in these districts uses water from irrigation canals as a drinking water supply. In

some areas, water is supplied through shallow and deep groundwater wells.

UNEP has reported that there is a considerable need to extend the city's supplynetwork. A World Bank project is expected to reconstruct and rehabilitate the

existing network only. Extending the network will require identifying groundwater

resources of proper quality and quantity.

3.7.1.2 Groundwater

There is a general lack of understanding about the underlying geologic conditions

in the Mazar-e-Sharif region, which complicates groundwater resource

management. While available information is limited, ongoing studies by several

international organizations should increase the knowledge of geology and

groundwater resources throughout Mazar-e-Sharif and Afghanistan.


Air Quality



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8.6.2 Ecological Resources in Project Area

Terrestrial Flora

Project province - Paktia is one of the forest rich zones of the Afghanistan. The

project area is characterized by coniferous forest, sub alpine and alpine vegetation

etc. Other species are Pistachio and Archa. The following vegetation is common in

project influence area

Above 1,300 m there are evergreen oaks, the eastern varieties of Mediterranean

forms: quercus baloot (up to 2,000-2,300 m); quercus dilatata (ca. 2,000-2,400 m);

quercus semicarpifolia (up to about 2,900m).

The level of coniferous forests, covering the westernmost part of the Himalayan

forests, starts with pinus gerardiana, which from a height of 2,000 m, among the

driest exposures, mixes with the Q. baloot, which grows in the wettest exposures.

Between 2,400 and 2,700 m, when annual precipitations exceed 800 mm, the main

trees are cedars (cedrus deodora) mixed with Q. semicarpifolia.

Between 2,900 and 3,300 m, there are nothing but conifers, forming a mixed forestof spruce (picea smithiana), fir (abies webbiana) and pine (pinus wallichiana).

formation of pistachio and almond trees (here pistacia atlanticao between ca. 1,200

and 1,800 meters)

Aquatic Species and Fisheries

Aquatic species in the river are mainly crab, frog, water snake etc. In the project

area, no fish species are identified during the reconnaissance visit; however, detail

survey will be needed at feasibility level to assess the fishery resources in the river.

Wildlife

Wildlife of the area identified during the reconnaissance survey may be summarized

as below

Reptiles: Snake, Scorpion, Spider, Pincer and Lizard

Amphibians: From, Turtle, Water Snakes



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Mammals: Wolf, Rabbit, Dear, Foxes, mouse,

Birds: Crow, pigeon, Falcon, Hawk, Nightingale, Duck, Wild Hen, Sicken, Swallow,

Lark, Andalif.

Wolf, some rabbit species, foxes, falcon, hawk, sicken, turtle species, and pincer are

among rare species, and the condition of these rare species will be assessed during

feasibility stage for required mitigation measures, if needed.

Protected Areas

Afghanistans biodiversity is similar to that of Middle East and Central Asia.

Conservation of genetic resources in the country was matter of high priority beforethe war. In 1977 the Afghan Government established a Germ Plasm Unit in the

Darul-Aman Research Station, Kabul. However, the entire establishment was

destroyed during the conflict era from 1992 to 1995. 1978)

Zadaran National Reserved is one of the proposed protected areas located in the

south-east part of the Paktia but it is not under the project influence zone but at a

distance of around 40 km from the project dam site.

In the Project area there are no protected, sensitive or designated sites as such from

the point of view of protected areas.

Historical \ Archeological Sites

There is no any monument or archeological \ historical sites in the project influence

area of the Mechalghu Dam Project.

3.9 Ecology


Afghanistan is home to a wide variety of plant and animal life. A more detailed

discussion can be found in Appendix B.

Over 120 mammal species are found in Afghanistan. Some species have been

categorized as threatened by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). The most

seriously endangered are the goitered gazelle, leopard, snow leopard, markor

goat, the Asiatic black bear, and Bactrian deer.



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The endangered salamander Batrachuperus mustersi does not occur near this

proposed site. This amphibian is found only in streams in the Hindu Kush of

Kabul Province.

Over 450 bird species are found in Afghanistan. Species identified as globally

threatened are the Siberian crane, white-headed duck, marbled teal, Pallas's

sea-eagle, greater spotted eagle, imperial eagle, lesser kestrel, corncrake,

sociable lapwing and the pale-backed pigeon. The IUCN has categorized the

Siberian crane as Critically Endangered. It faces an extremely high risk of

extinction in the wild. The global population, estimated to contain 2,500-3,000

birds, is divided into three groups. Only a single breeding pair may remain in the

central group, which formerly used wetlands in Afghanistan (and Iran) as

stopover points during migration between breeding grounds in Russia and the

Mazar-e-Sharif Environmental Assessment

March 29, 2007

wintering area in India. In Afghanistan, the key resting site is Ab-e-Estada in

Gazni Province.

No aquatic species occur on the proposed industrial park site.3.9.2 Environmental Consequences

No known threatened or endangered plants have been observed or reported in

the area of the proposed site. No occurrences of or suitable habitat for

threatened or endangered plant species were identified during field inspections of

the proposed site. Therefore, none of the proposed alternatives are expected to

have impacts on threatened or endangered plant species or their habitats. The

plant communities that occur on the site are common to, and representative of,

Balkh Province.

Although construction of the proposed facility would affect some plants, the loss

is expected to be insignificant. Field surveys indicate that these vegetation

communities are characterized by common and widespread species in Balkh

Province that would not be adversely affected by the loss of these populations.

No endangered or threatened species were identified on the site. Wildlife

habitats that occur on the site are common throughout the region. Site



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development would remove some plant habitat and displace wildlife populations

that favor these habitats. Most species would find refuge in similar habitats

adjacent to the site. Following development, many of these species would likely

re-colonize in areas surrounding the proposed industrial park. Thus, the

proposed project is not expected to result in significant adverse impacts to

terrestrial animal populations of the site. Further, implementing BMPs will

mitigate any potential concerns.

Site development may result in an increase in populations of animals that favor

recently modified habitats. Some might become a "nuisance" in the area.

The proposed development of the park will not affect any aquatic habitats.

3.10 Prime Farmland, Wetlands, and Managed Areas and Recreation


Neither wetlands, prime farmland, managed areas nor recreation opportunities

were identified on or in the vicinity of the proposed industrial park site.


There are no potential environmental consequences associated with prime

farmlands, wetlands, managed areas or recreation areas.Mazar-e-Sharif Environmental Assessment

March 29, 2007

3.1 1

Biological Environment

The project site is occupied by a very sparse cover of low perennial shrubs

(predominantly

Artemesia and Acacia species) and scattered annual forbs and grasses. Currently

the village

members harvest shrubs and grass in the area to use as fuel wood and fodder. This

practice is in



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some cases their only livelihood, and has resulted in a severely denuded landscape.

Wildlife

mainly consists of smaller animals, including upland songbirds and rodents. Rodents

are in fact a

problem for many farmers as they destroy the walls of the irrigation canals and

structures.

3.3.1 Biodiversity and Threatened or Endangered Species

Biological (and socio-biological) modification of any environment tends to change

the species

composition of an ecological community. Afghanistan has prepared a comprehensive

draft policy

on conservation of species and is embodied in the Environment Act. The Act has

been submitted

to the Cabinet for approval.

Based on conversations with local villager, there were, at one time, many types of

wild animals

and birds in the remote areas of Khulm District including deer, dogs, foxes, horses,jackasl,

leopards, nanny (wild goat), rabbit, rams, wolves, and snakes. Wild birds such as

cuckoo (fakhta),

hoopoe (hototak), pigeon, quail (Budana), owl, nightingale (Bulbul), hawk (Baz),

goose (Qaaz),

falcon, crow, crane (kolang), and canary were also common. However, a significant

decrease in

the biodiversity of the area has been noted as a result of many factors including

prolonged

drought, conflict, increased population, poor land management, and lack of

conservation

mechanisms enforced by the government

Wildlife and/or Rare/Endangered Species



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Although Afghanistan mandates conservation of endangered species in their

Environmental Law,

the government has not established a national list of threatened and endangered

species. As

previously noted, Afghanistan adopted the policies of the Convention on International

Trade in

Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1985. No protected or

endangered

species listed by CITES are known to occur or have been reported in the area. Many

migratory

bird species may pass through the region. As such, creation or degradation of any

habitat features

(e.g., wetland features associated with Khoja Alghar Spring, or created wetland

nutrient filters),

may impact beneficially or adversely on some bird species. Siberian Cranes,

traditionally

migrated 5000 km southeast from Western Siberian over Afghanistan to theirwintering grounds

in northeast India. The wetlands used by Siberian Cranes is vital to the survival of

cranes. Dasht-e

Nawar and Ab-i-Estada in southern Afghanistan are among the key sites where

Siberian Cranes

have been reported to consistently rest during their migration. The project site does

not provide a

resting habitat for Siberian Cranes.

The project site has traditionally provided pasture land for sheep. Grazing commonly

affects plant

communities through desertification and introduction of weed species when not

carefully

managed. Under such circumstances, biological concerns can be socioeconomically

important.



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Possible biological issues at the site include:

Protection of wetland resources

Changes in land use from grazing to agricultural use

Introduction of weeds and/or insect pests

Draft 04Feb08

61

In general, the project is not likely to adversely affect endangered species.

Forests/Protected Areas

There are no forests or protected areas in the vicinity of the canal area. There are

wetlands

associated with the Chashma-e-Hayat and Khoja Alghar Springs and riverine

ecosystems

upstream of the project. A detailed analysis of the project site for wetlands has not

been

undertaken. The project has a slight potential to affect the hydrology of wetlands

upstream, within,

and downstream (if any) of the project site. However, it is anticipated that wetlandswill not be

significantly affected and will ultimately be eliminated from further detailed study.

3.3.2 Proximity to Protected Areas and Forest Resources or Unique or

Sensitive Natural Habitat

There are no protected areas or sensitive natural habitats in proximity of the project

site. As noted,

there are wetlands associated with the Khoja Alghar and Chashma-e-Hayat springs

and riverine

ecosystems upstream of the project. Based on our field visits to date and

conversations with local

farmers and government organizations, there are no wetlands within the proposed

Mazar Foods

project area. Therefore it is not anticipated that the project will have direct impacts on

wetland



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systems. However, analysis of hydrologic regimes will need to be conducted to

ensure that

upstream riparian areas are not affected by massive surface water usage and

drainage. A

monitoring program should be implemented to ensure that no adverse indirect

impacts occur to

wetland systems in the project area.

3.3.3 Proximity to Sensitive Cultural or Archeological Sites

During preliminary site visits, ancient ruins was identified outside the village of Deh

Hassan,

north of the proposed project boundary. Although this resource is well north of the

current project

boundary, the proximity of the project warrants discussion in the event that project

boundaries are

modified.

Khulm is commonly identified with the ancient town of Aornos on Alexander the

Greats line ofmarch (330-329 B.C.). Later known as Khulm, it was destroyed in the mid-16th

century, the ruins

of which are to the north of present day Khulm.

3.3.4

8.7 SCREENING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

In this section, potential environmental impacts have been assessed according to the

magnitude on different environmental resources to project location, as related to

design, during construction and regular operation. Mitigation measures have also

been recommended for induced impacts. The impacts describes as, I- for

insignificant, M- for moderate or S- for significant and impact duration such as, T-

temporary or P-permanent and are presented in a manner that shows magnitude

and duration of a particular impact, e.g., I/T means the impact is insignificant and is



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temporary in nature. The summary of findings is presented in Table 8.3:

Table 8.3

i. Environmental and Social Parameters for Tangi Shadiyan (site no. 17)

Actions (IECs)AffectingEnvironmentalResourcesand Values

EnvironmentalImpacts of oron the Project

RecommendedMitigationMeasures

IEE Matrix

NoNegativeImpact

Rating of Impact

Small

Moderate Major

-

_ ++-

-+

+-

-+

+

A. Environmental Issues related to Project Location

Areasubmergeddue tocreation ofDam

I/P NoneX

Submergence

of humansettlements

0Nil X

Submergenceof roadsinfrastructure

M/P (around 1km)

Adequatecompensationto concernedDept., andrealignment ofroad

XX

Loss ofagriculturalland fromflooding

0 NIL X x

Loss ofhistoric,cultural oraestheticfeatures byinundations

0 None X

Land

acquisition

0 None X x



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Resettlementofhouseholds

0 None X x

Loss ofwildlife habitat

0 None x

B. Environmental Issues related to Project Design

Bank erosion I/T Provision of toe protection,gabions andboulderplacement

x X

Risk ofbreakage ofembankment

0 None X

Seismic effect I/M or?(Unknowneffects withinProject life)

The dam willbe designedconsistentwithinternationallyacceptedstandards

related to theseismic risk ofthe area tominimize orpreventdamage to thestructuresduringearthquakes

x

C. Environmental Issues during Construction

Air and waterpollution fromconstruction andwaste disposal

I/T(Temporarylocalizeddustpollution)

Constructionmobilize insummerseason, selectappropriatesite forlocation ofcamps,provide masksto workers,disposewastes in a

x



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designatedsite

Deterioration ofwater quality indam

M/T Periodicclearance ofleaf, aquaticplants andother woodyvegetation

X

Disposal of oiland grease

I/T(Machinerysuch as,excavators,

bulldozers,scrapers,tractors)

Propermaintenanceof machineryand plant,

followconstructionimpactmonitoringandmanagementprogramchecklist

X

Fisheriesresources

I/T None x

Sedimentation ofdam and loss ofstorage capacity

M/P Follow landuseregulations,control of landuse inwatershed,prevention ofconversion offorest /pasture toagriculture

X

Safety ofworkers fromaccidents

I/T(Construction relatedhazards,health andsite safety)

Providehelmets,gloves, dress,and otherappropriatesafetydevices toworkers,arrangeperiodicmedical checkup of workers,

X X



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provision ofdecenthousing,standard food,drinking waterand sanitation

Social issues 0 None x

Gender issue 0 None x

Physical impactson culturalheritage

0 None x

Noise andvibration

0 None x

Dust, odors andfumes

I/T (Fugitiveemissionsdue tocrusheroperation)

Maintenanceof equipment,commissioning of cyclone incrusher

x

Pollution ofwater resources

I/T Provision of settling pond

x

C. Environmental Issues during Operation

Operation andmaintenance(O&M)

M/P Provision ofroutinemaintenance;Ensurerequiredbudget forO&M

X x

Flora and fauna I/P Regeneration

of indigenousspecies thatsupportwildlife andbirds

x

Soil Pollutionfrom fertilizer andpesticide

I/P Awareness of IPM and IPNM

X

Downstreamimpacts

I/P Release of optimum water

x



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flow forecosystemmanagementanddownstreamusers

Movement ofwildlife

0 None x

Croplands I/P Monitoring of cropdiversification

x

Rapid melting andinflow of glaciers 0 None x


ii. Environmental and Social Parameters for Chasma Dara (Site No. 4)

Actions (IECs)AffectingEnvironmental

Resourcesand Values



IEE Matrix

No

NegativeImpact

Rating of Impact

Small

Moderate Major

-

_

++

--

++

--

++


Areasubmergeddue to

creation ofDam

I/P NoneX

Submergenceof humansettlements

M/P (around 2houses)

Adequatecompensationto PAFs, forhouses andalternativesites

X

Submergenceof roads

infrastructure

M/P (about200 m of road)

Adequatecompensation

to concerned

X



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Dept., andrealignment ofroad

Loss ofagriculturalland and treesfrom flooding

M/P (around 1ha)

Adequatecompensationto PAFs

X x

Loss ofhistoric,cultural oraestheticfeatures by

inundations

0 None X

Landacquisition

M/P (about 1ha)


X x

Resettlement ofhouseholds

M/P (about 2houses)

Adequatecompensationto PAFs andalternativehouses

Xx


0 None x


Bankerosion

I/T Nil X x


0 Nil X

Seismic effect

I/M or?(Unknowneffects withinProject life)

The dam willbe designedconsistentwithinternationallyacceptedstandardsrelated to theseismic risk ofthe area tominimize orprevent

x



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damage to thestructuresduringearthquakes




Constructionmobilize insummerseason, selectappropriatesite for

location ofcamps,provide masksto workers,disposewastes in adesignatedsite

x


M/T Periodicclearance ofleaf, aquatic

plants andother woodyvegetation

X


I/T(Machinerysuch as,excavators,bulldozers,scrapers,tractors)

Propermaintenanceof machineryand plant,followconstructionimpactmonitoring

andmanagementprogramchecklist

X

Fisheriesresources duringsummer

I/T None x


M/P Follow landuseregulations,

X



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control of landuse inwatershed,prevention ofconversion offorest /pasture toagriculture


I/T(Construction relatedhazards,health and

site safety)

Providehelmets,gloves, dress,and otherappropriate

safetydevices toworkers,arrangeperiodicmedical checkup of workers,provision ofdecenthousing,standard food,drinking water

and sanitation

X X

Socialissues

0 None x

Genderissue

0 None x


0 None x

Noise andvibration

0 None x




x



x



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X x

Flora and fauna I/P Regenerationof indigenousspecies thatsupport

wildlife andbirds

x



X

Downstreamimpacts

I/P Release of optimum waterflow forecosystemmanagement

anddownstreamusers

x

Movement ofwildlife

0 None x


x

Rapid melting and

inflow of glaciers

0 None x


iii. Environmental and Social Parameters for Bato Baba / Qachan Dara(Site No. 3)

Actions (IECs)AffectingEnvironmental

IEE Matrix

Rating of Impact



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Resourcesand Values



NoNegativeImpact

Small

Moderate Major

-

_

++

--

++

--

++



I/P None X


0

Nil X


M/P (about500 m)

Adequatecompensationto concernedDept.

XX

Loss ofagriculturalland from

flooding

M/P (about 1ha on rightbank)


x X


0 None X

Landacquisition

M/P (About 1ha)

Adequatecompensationto PAPs

x


0 None X x


0 None x


Bank erosion I/T None X x



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0 None X


The dam willbe designedconsistentwithinternationallyacceptedstandardsrelated to theseismic risk ofthe area to

minimize orpreventdamage to thestructuresduringearthquakes

x


Air and waterpollution fromconstruction and

waste disposal

I/T(Temporarylocalized

dustpollution)

Constructionmobilize insummer

season, selectappropriatesite forlocation ofcamps,provide masksto workers,disposewastes in adesignatedsite

x



X


I/T(Machinerysuch as,excavators,bulldozers,

Propermaintenanceof machineryand plant,follow

X



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scrapers,tractors)

constructionimpactmonitoringandmanagementprogramchecklist

Impact onFisheriesresources

I/T None x

Sedimentation ofdam and loss of

storage capacity

M/P Follow landuse

regulations,control of landuse inwatershed,prevention ofconversion offorest /pasture toagriculture

X

Safety ofworkers from

accidents

I/T(Constructio

n relatedhazards,health andsite safety)

Providehelmets,

gloves, dress,and otherappropriatesafetydevices toworkers,arrangeperiodicmedical checkup of workers,provision ofdecent

housing,standard food,drinking waterand sanitation

X X




0 None x



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Noise andvibration

0 None x




x



x




X x

Flora and fauna I/P Regenerationof indigenousspecies thatsupport

wildlife andbirds

x


I/M Awareness of IPM and IPNM

X

Downstreamimpacts

I/P Release of optimum waterflow forecosystemmanagement

anddownstreamusers

X

Movement ofwildlife

0 None x


x

Rapid melting and 0 None x



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inflow of glaciers


iv. Environmental and Social Parameters for Shamar (Site No.1)




IEE Matrix

NoNegativeImpact

Rating of Impact

Small

Moderate Major

-

_

++

--

++

--

++



I/P NoneX


0

Nil X


M/P(about 500 m)

Adequatecompensationto concernedDept.

X

Loss ofagriculturalland from

flooding

M/P Adequatecompensationwould be

provided toPAFs

x X


0 None X

Landacquisition

M/P(About 1 ha)

Adequatecompensation

would be

x



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provided toPAFs


0 None X x


0 None x


Bank erosion I/T Nil X


0 Nil X


The dam willbe designedconsistentwithinternationallyacceptedstandardsrelated to the

seismic risk ofthe area tominimize orpreventdamage to thestructuresduringearthquakes

x


Air and water

pollution fromconstruction andwaste disposal

I/T

(Temporarylocalizeddustpollution)

Construction

mobilize insummerseason, selectappropriatesite for locationof camps,provide masksto workers,dispose wastesin a designatedsite

x



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X



Propermaintenance ofmachinery andplant, followconstructionimpactmonitoring and

managementprogramchecklist

X

Fisheriesresources

I/T None x


M/P Follow landuseregulations,control of landuse in

watershed,prevention ofconversion offorest / pastureto agriculture

X



Providehelmets,gloves, dress,and otherappropriatesafety devices

to workers,arrangeperiodicmedical checkup of workers,provision ofdecenthousing,standard food,drinking waterand sanitation

X X



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0 None x

Noise andvibration

0 None x


I/T (Fugitiveemissionsdue to

crusheroperation)

Maintenance ofequipment,commissioning

of cyclone incrusher

x



x



M/P Provision of routinemaintenance;Ensure

requiredbudget forO&M

X x

Flora and fauna I/P Regenerationof indigenousspecies thatsupportwildlife andbirds

x

Soil Pollution

from fertilizer andpesticide

I/P Awareness of

IPM and IPNM

X

Downstreamimpacts

I/P Release of optimum waterflow forecosystemmanagementanddownstreamusers

x



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Movement ofwildlife

0 None x


x

Rapid melting andinflow of glaciers

0 None x


v. Environmental and Social Parameters for Anbar / Chali Duzda (Site No.15)




IEE Matrix

NoNegativeImpact

Rating of Impact

Small

Moderate Major

-

_

++

--

++

--

++



I/P None X


0Nil X


0 Nil X X


0 Nil X x

Loss ofhistoric,

cultural or

0 None X



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aestheticfeatures byinundations

Landacquisition

0 X


0 None X x


0 None x




0 None X


The dam willbe designedconsistentwith

internationallyacceptedstandardsrelated to theseismic risk ofthe area tominimize orpreventdamage to thestructuresduringearthquakes

x




Constructionmobilize insummerseason, selectappropriatesite forlocation ofcamps,provide masks

x



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to workers,disposewastes in adesignatedsite



X

X

Disposal of oil

and grease

I/T

(Machinerysuch as,excavators,bulldozers,scrapers,tractors)

Proper

maintenanceof machineryand plant,followconstructionimpactmonitoringandmanagementprogramchecklist

X

Impact onFisheriesresources

I/T None x


M/P Follow landuseregulations,control of landuse inwatershed,prevention ofconversion of

forest /pasture toagriculture

X



Providehelmets,gloves, dress,and otherappropriatesafetydevices toworkers,

X X



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arrangeperiodicmedical checkup of workers,provision ofdecenthousing,standard food,drinking waterand sanitation




0 None x

Noise andvibration

0 None x


I/T (Fugitiveemissionsdue tocrusher

operation)

Maintenanceof equipment,commissioning of cyclone in

crusher

x



x



M/P Provision of routinemaintenance;Ensurerequired

budget forO&M

X x


x

Soil Pollutionfrom fertilizer and


X



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pesticide

Downstreamimpacts

I/P Release of optimum waterflow forecosystemmanagementanddownstreamuser

x

Movement ofwildlife

0 None x


x


0 None x

Genderissue

0 None x

vi. Environmental and Social Parameters for Dar e Negaar (Site No. 21)




IEE Matrix

NoNegativeImpact

Rating of Impact

Small

Moderate Major

-

_

++

--

++

--

++



I/T NoneX


0Nil X



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Submergenceof roads andotherinfrastructure

0 Nil X


I/T Nil X x

Loss ofhistoric,cultural oraesthetic

features byinundations

0 None X

Landacquisition

0 None X x


0 None X x


0 None x




0 Nil X

Seismic effect I/M or?(Unknowneffects within

Project life)

The dam willbe designedconsistent

withinternationallyacceptedstandardsrelated to theseismic risk ofthe area tominimize orpreventdamage to thestructuresduring

x



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earthquakes




Constructionmobilize insummerseason, selectappropriatesite forlocation ofcamps,provide masksto workers,

disposewastes in adesignatedsite

x



X



Propermaintenanceof machineryand plant,followconstructionimpactmonitoringandmanagementprogramchecklist

X

Fisheriesresources

I/T None x


M/P Follow landuseregulations,control of landuse inwatershed,prevention ofconversion of

X



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forest/pastureto agriculture



Providehelmets,gloves, dress,and otherappropriatesafetydevices toworkers,arrangeperiodicmedical check

up of workers,provision ofdecenthousing,standard food,drinking waterand sanitation

X X




0 None x

Noise andvibration

0 None x




x



x



M/P Provision of routinemaintenance;Ensurerequiredbudget for

X x



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O&M


x



X

Downstream

impacts

I/P Release of

optimum waterflow forecosystemmanagementand adequatecompensationfor existingmini-hydropowerplant of PAFs

X

Movement of

wildlife

0 None x


x


0 None x


vii. Environmental and Social Parameters for Ab e Keli (Site No. 22)




IEE Matrix

NoNegativeImpact

Rating of Impact

Small

Moderate Major



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-

_

++

--

++

--

++



I/P None X


P3 houses X


I/P Adequatecompensationfor roadrealignmentdue toconstructionof powerhouse

XX

Loss ofagriculturalland and trees

from flooding

P Adequatecompensationto PAPs

x X


0 None X

Landacquisition

M/P Adequatecompensationto PAPs

x


P Adequatecompensationfor 3householdsand alternativehouses forPAFs

X x


0 None x



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0 None X


The dam willbe designedconsistentwithinternationallyaccepted

standardsrelated to theseismic risk ofthe area tominimize orpreventdamage to thestructuresduringearthquakes

x


Air andwater pollutionfromconstruction andwaste disposal


Constructionmobilize insummerseason, selectappropriatesite forlocation ofcamps,provide masksto workers,dispose

wastes in adesignatedsite

x



X

Disposal of oil I/T Proper X



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and grease (Machinerysuch as,excavators,bulldozers,scrapers,tractors)

maintenanceof machineryand plant,followconstructionimpactmonitoringandmanagementprogramchecklist

Impact onFisheries

resources

I/T None x


M/P Follow landuseregulations,control of landuse inwatershed,prevention ofconversion offorest /pasture to

agriculture

X



Providehelmets,gloves, dress,and otherappropriatesafetydevices toworkers,arrangeperiodic

medical checkup of workers,provision ofdecenthousing,standard food,drinking waterand sanitation

X X





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0 None x

Noise andvibration

0 None x




x

Pollution of

water resources

I/T Provision of

settling pondx




X x


x



X

Downstream

impacts

I/P Release of

optimum waterflow forecosystemmanagementand fordownstreamusers

x

Movement ofwildlife

0 None x

Croplands I/P Monitor x



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ing of cropdiversification


0 None x


viii. Environmental and Social Parameters for Quran Dara (Site No.2)

Actions (IECs)

AffectingEnvironmentalResourcesand Values

Environmental

Impacts of oron the Project

Recommended

MitigationMeasures

IEE Matrix

NoNegativeImpact

Rating of Impact

Small

Moderate Major

-

_

++

--

++

--

++


Area

submergeddue tocreation ofDam

I/T None

X


0Nil X


0 Nil X


0 Nil X x


0 None X



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Landacquisition

0 None X x

Resettlement ofhouseholds

0 None X x


0 None x




0 Nil X


The dam willbe designedconsistentwithinternationallyacceptedstandardsrelated to the

seismic risk ofthe area tominimize orpreventdamage to thestructuresduringearthquakes

x


Air and water

pollution fromconstruction andwaste disposal

I/T

(Temporarylocalizeddustpollution)

Construction

mobilize insummerseason, selectappropriatesite forlocation ofcamps,provide masksto workers,disposewastes in adesignated

x



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site


I/T Periodicclearance ofleaf, aquaticplants andother woodyvegetation

XX


I/T(Machinerysuch as,excavators,bulldozers,

scrapers,tractors)

Propermaintenanceof machineryand plant,follow

constructionimpactmonitoringandmanagementprogramchecklist

X

Fisheriesresources

I/T None x

Sedimentation of

dam and loss ofstorage capacity

M/P Follow land

useregulations,control of landuse inwatershed,prevention ofconversion offorest/pastureto agriculture

X

Safety ofworkers from

accidents

I/T(Constructio

n relatedhazards,health andsite safety)

Providehelmets,

gloves, dress,and otherappropriatesafetydevices toworkers,arrangeperiodicmedical checkup of workers,provision ofdecent

X X



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housing,standard food,drinking waterand sanitation




0 None x

Noise and

vibration

0 None x




x


I/T Provision of

settling pondx




X x

Flora and fauna I/P Regenerationof indigenousspecies that

supportwildlife andbirds

x



X

Downstreamimpacts

I/P Release of optimum waterflow forecosystem

x



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managementanddownstreamusers

Movement ofwildlife

0 None x


x


0 None x




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8.8 INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND

MONITORING PLAN

8.8.1 Environmental Mitigation

Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the environmental aspects of

this project are:

MEW is responsible for planning, constructing, operating and maintaining EIRP in

Afghanistan. The PCU in MEW is in charge of project management to ensure that

the contract provisions are adhered to. PCU is responsible for environmental

monitoring and management Plan also. The MEW and its provincial authorities will

also undertake routine and random monitoring of specific environmental p

chapter 8 - iee - draft

Documents