chapter 8 supply chain management and e-business
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 8
Supply Chain Management
and E-Business
Materials Management Systemin Manufacturing
Inventory Items in Annual-Dollar-Volume Order – Universal Motor Supply Company
Stock Number Annual Demand Unit Cost Annual Dollar Volume Percent
407 40,000 $35.50 $1,420,000 59.53%
210 1,000 700.00 700,000 29.35
021 2,000 55.00 110,000 4.61
388 20,000 4.00 80,000 3.35
413 4,400 10.00 44,000 1.84
195 500 36.00 18,000 0.76
330 40 214.00 8,560 0.36
114 100 43.00 4,300 0.18
274 280 1.00 280 0.01
359 600 0.25 150 0.00
Totals $2,385,290 ~100.0%
ABC Classification – Universal Motor Supply Company
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Items (percent)
Dol
lar-
Vol
ume
(per
cent
)
88.9%
A Items(407 and210)
9.8%
1.3%B Items(021, 388 and 413)
C Items(195, 330, 114, 274 and 359)
Item Unit Cost Annual Demand Annual Cost
A 1.35 6,200
B 53.00 900
C 5.20 50
D 92.00 120
E 800.00 2
F .25 5,000
G 9,000.00 5
H 15.00 18,000
ABC Analysis Example
Annual Cost Class % Annual Value
How ABC Analysis is Used
Decisions A B C
Purchasing ExecutiveDepartment
HeadBuyer
Physical Inv.Counting
Daily Monthly Annually
ForecastingSeveralModels
1 SimpleModel
Guess
Safety Stock None 1 Week 1 Month
Cycle Counting
250 working days per year
On average, a full time worker can count 22 part types per day.
How many part types per day should be counted?
How many cycle counting workers are needed?
# part types
Counted# countsper year
# part typecounts/year
%
A 100 weekly
B 500 monthly
C 3000 quarterly
Supply Chain Management
Vendor’s vendor
Your vendor
Your company
Your customer
Customer’s customer
Mat
eria
l flo
w
Info
rmat
ion
flow
What Information Should be Shared?
• Forecasts and sales data– Vendor You Customer
• Capacity and output changes– Vendor You Customer
• Sales promotion plans– Vendor You Customer
• Current inventory levels– Vendor You Customer
• Ideas for improvement– Vendor You Customer
Risk of Sharing Information
Vendors or customers might share your information with your competitors
Try to Avoid Risk
• Establish long-term contracts with vendors and customers that requires confidentiality
• Relationships based on mutual trust
Examples of Supply Chain ManagementPartners and Innovations
Wal-Mart• Requires that all vendors communicate with
them electronically (EDI)• Shares forecasts and sales data with large
vendors, such as Proctor & Gamble• Results: shorter lead times and lower
inventory costs
Examples of Supply Chain ManagementPartners and Innovations
• Ryder (trucking)• Distributes vendor parts to Ford Motor Co.• Installed Global Positioning Systems and
computer chips on all their trucks• Now they know exactly where trucks are• Faster customer status response• Early diagnosis of engine problems –
reduced maintenance costs
Examples of Supply Chain ManagementPartners and Innovations
• UPS and Fedex• Deliver antibiotics from Europe
manufacturers to U.S. farmers• Mfgs. postponed packaging of drugs and let
UPS or Fedex package it on plane• Faster lead time