chapter 8: the democratization of american culture, 1824-1840
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Chapter 8: The Democratization of American Culture, 1824-1840TRANSCRIPT
1 Visions of America, A History of the United States
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1 Visions of America, A History of the United States
Democrats and WhigsDemocracy and American Culture, 1820–1840
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1 Visions of America, A History of the United States
2 Visions of America, A History of the United States
3 Visions of America, A History of the United States
Democrats and Whigs
I. Democracy in America
II. Andrew Jackson and His Age
III. White Man’s Democracy
IV. Democrats, Whigs, and the Second Party System
V. Playing the Democrats’ Game: Whigs in the Election of 1840
DEMOCRACY AND AMERICAN CULTURE, 1820–1840
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4 Visions of America, A History of the United States
Democracy in America
A. Democratic Culture
B. Davy Crockett and the Frontier Myth
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Democratic Culture
Democracy in America – Count Alexis de Tocqueville’s analysis of the influence of democracy on American life
–First published in America in 1838–Remains one of the most important
commentaries on American society ever written
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7 Visions of America, A History of the United States
Davy Crockett and the Frontier Myth
How did the frontier nurture the growth of democracy?
What aspects of Davy Crockett’s life made him a symbol of frontier democracy?
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Davy Crockett and the Frontier Myth
Crockett’s Almanac – A cheap magazine-like publication that vividly described the frontier politician Davy Crockett
–Included his legendary adventures wrestling alligators, hunting bears, and fighting Indians
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10 Visions of America, A History of the United States
Competing VisionsSHOULD WHITE MEN WITHOUT PROPERTY HAVE THE VOTE?
• In 1821, New Yorkers met to revise their state’s constitution and argued about property requirements for voting.
• Kent and Sanford argued for and against property requirements.
Kent: If citizens without property vote, unchecked democracy would threaten private property and political stability.
Sanford: Anyone who bears the burdens of government has earned the right to have a say in it.
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Competing Visions
Why did James Kent oppose eliminating property requirements?
SHOULD WHITE MEN WITHOUT PROPERTY HAVE THE VOTE?
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Andrew Jackson and His Age
A. The Election of 1824 and the “Corrupt Bargain”
B. The Election of 1828: “Old Hickory’s” Triumph
C. The Reign of “King Mob”
D. States’ Rights and the Nullification Crisis
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The Election of 1824 and the “Corrupt Bargain”
What were the strengths of John Quincy Adams as a presidential candidate?
What role did Clay’s American System play in the election of John Quincy Adams?
Why did Jackson view the election of 1824 as a “corrupt bargain”?
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The Election of 1824 and the “Corrupt Bargain”
American System – Henry Clay’s comprehensive national plan for economic growth
– Included protective tariffs for American industry and government investment in roads and other internal improvements
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The Election of 1824 and the “Corrupt Bargain”
“Corrupt Bargain” – Term presidential candidate Jackson’s supporters used to attack the alliance between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay that deprived Jackson of the presidency
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The Election of 1828: “Old Hickory’s” Triumph
How did the “Coffin Handbill” attempt to discredit Andrew Jackson?
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The Election of 1828: “Old Hickory’s” Triumph
“Old Hickory” – The nickname that General Andrew Jackson earned for seeming as stout as an “Old Hickory tree” in fighting against the British in the War of 1812
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The Reign of “King Mob”
How did the spoils system promote Jackson’s democratic agenda?
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The Reign of “King Mob”
Spoils System – The name applied to Jackson’s system of replacing government officeholders with those loyal to him
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States’ Rights and the Nullification Crisis
What was the theory of states’ rights?
How does the political cartoonist represent nullification theory in the cartoon Despotism?
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States’ Rights and the Nullification Crisis
Nullification – A constitutional doctrine advanced by supporters of states’ rights that held that individual states could nullify unconstitutional acts of Congress
Force Bill – A bill enacted by Congress that gave President Jackson the power to use military force to collect revenue, including tariffs
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White Man’s Democracy
A. Race and Politics in the Jacksonian Era
B. The Cherokee Cases
C. Resistance and Removal
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Race and Politics in the Jacksonian Era
What types of legal disabilities did blacks face outside of the slave South?
What does Indian policy reveal about the limits of Jacksonian democracy?
How does the Grand Caravan represent Jackson’s Indian policy?
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Race and Politics in the Jacksonian Era
Indian Removal Act of 1830 – Legislation that gave President Jackson the authority to remove Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi
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The Cherokee Cases
What do the Cherokee cases reveal about the limits of judicial power?
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The Cherokee Cases
Cherokee Cases – Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1830) and Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the two cases in which the Supreme Court of the United States determined that Indian nations retained certain rights of sovereign nations but did not enjoy the full powers of a sovereign nation
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Resistance and Removal
What was the “Trail of Tears”?
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Choices and ConsequencesACQUIESCE OR RESIST? THE CHEROKEE DILEMMA
• John Ross argued that the Cherokee should resist relocation.
• The majority of the Cherokee supported him.
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Choices and ConsequencesACQUIESCE OR RESIST? THE CHEROKEE DILEMMA
• Elias Boudinot believed that relocation was inevitable and that the Cherokee should comply.
• His view was less popular than Ross’s.
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Choices and Consequences
Choices regarding forced relocation
ACQUIESCE OR RESIST? THE CHEROKEE DILEMMA
Agree to the treaty, relocate, and seek best possible terms
Reject the treaty and resist removal,
by force if necessary
Boycott the vote on the treaty, lobby
Congress, and rally support for
protection of Native American
rights
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Choices and Consequences
Decision and consequences• Ross lobbied Congress and nearly defeated
the treaty.• Treaty was signed; the Cherokee were given
two years to relocate.
Was resistance to removal a viable strategy for the Cherokee?
ACQUIESCE OR RESIST? THE CHEROKEE DILEMMA
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Choices and Consequences
Continuing Controversies
•Was it realistic for the Cherokees to think that they might win support for their cause?
ACQUIESCE OR RESIST? THE CHEROKEE DILEMMA
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Democrats, Whigs, and the Second Party System
A. Third Party Challenges: Anti-Masonry and Workingmen’s Parties
B. The Bank War and the Rise of the Whigs
C. Andrew Jackson, the Whigs, and the Bank War
D. Economic Crisis and the Presidency of Martin Van Buren
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Democrats, Whigs, and the Second Party System
Whigs – Anti-Jackson political party–Name evoked the seventeenth-century
English opponents of absolute monarchy and the Patriot leaders who had opposed the tyranny of George III during the American Revolution
–Whigs supported Clay’s American System and a stronger central government
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Third Party Challenges: Anti-Masonry and Workingmen’s Parties
Why was Masonry a cause for concern among some Americans?
What lasting contributions did the Anti-Masons make to American politics?
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The Bank War and the Rise of the Whigs
How did Jackson use democratic rhetoric to rally support for his Bank Veto?
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The Bank War and the Rise of the Whigs
Bank Veto Speech – Jackson’s veto of a bill to re-charter the Bank of the United States, in which he explained why he opposed the bank and laid out his own vision of American democracy and constitutional government
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Andrew Jackson, the Whigs, and the Bank War
How did Whigs interpret the Bank Veto?
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Economic Crisis and the Presidency of Martin Van Buren
What are some of the signs of economic distress in the political cartoon on the Panic of 1837?
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Images as History
“King Andrew the First” shows the Whig view of Jackson:
Has royal crown and scepter
Holds a copy of the Bank Veto
Tramples the Constitution
KING ANDREW AND THE DOWNFALL OF MOTHER BANK
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Images as HistoryKING ANDREW AND THE DOWNFALL OF MOTHER BANK
Lightning bolts emanate from Jackson’s order.
Bank’s president is portrayed as a demon.
Henry Clay lies helpless and calls for rescue.
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Images as History
• Why is Jackson portrayed as a monarch in “King Andrew the First”?
• How does this pro-Jackson cartoon portray the Whigs?
KING ANDREW AND THE DOWNFALL OF MOTHER BANK
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Playing the Democrat’s Game: Whigs in the Election of 1840
A. The Log Cabin Campaign
B. Gender and Social Class: The Whig Appeal
C. Democrats and Whigs: Two Visions of Government and Society
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The Log Cabin Campaign
What political innovations helped the Whigs out-democrat the Democrats?
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Gender and Social Class: The Whig Appeal
Why were women drawn to the Whig message?
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Democrats and Whigs:Two Visions of Government and Society
What were the most important differences between Whigs and Democrats on economic issues?
What role did ethnic politics play in the contest between Whigs and Democrats?
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