jacksonian era: 1824-1840 the age of the common man
TRANSCRIPT
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Jacksonian Era:1824-1840
The Age of the Common Man
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Election of 1824
• Four men ran: Crawford, Clay, Adams, and Jackson
• “Corrupt bargain”
www.webster_dictionary.org
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John Quincy Adams
• Tried to pass bills for internal improvements, establishing schools, and protective tariffs.
• Tariff of Abominations (Tariff of 1828)– Discredits Adams in
election of 1828
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Election of 1828• Electorate increased;
elimination of property qualifications = universal white manhood suffrage
• Beginning of the modern political party system – Jackson formed the Democratic Party
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Jackson in Office
• Jackson won by a large margin• Spoils system• His first inauguration opened the White House
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Jackson and the Indians• Jackson wanted open land for settlers • Indian Removal Act 1830 provided for the removal of
all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi
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Five Civilized Tribes• Cherokees, Choctaws,
Seminoles, Creeks, and the Chicksaws (approximately 75,000 total)
• Lived in large parts of Georgia, the Carolinas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee
• Many of these tribes had adopted white/European customs (especially the Cherokees)
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Supreme Court and GeorgiaCherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
Cherokees claimed that Georgia could not make laws because they were a sovereign nation; court refused to hear the case
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)Marshall ruled that Georgia
had no right to rule in Cherokee territory
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Jackson Wins Relocation• Trail of Tears, 1838 –
the forced march of Cherokees that led to thousands of deaths by sickness and starvation.
• Relocated to Oklahoma
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Jackson and the Bank• Bank charter was up in 1836, but Henry Clay and
Daniel Webster suggested renewing it in 1832 ( to discredit Jackson)
• Jackson vetoed the recharter bill and removed all federal funds from the bank and placed them in his “pet banks” – state banks mostly located in the West
• Result of Bank War - There was a lot of speculation in Western lands and inflation in both land and goods
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Nullification Crisis• Calhoun argued that tariffs benefited only one part of
the country rather than the nation as a whole and therefore they should be declared unconstitutional
• Convention met in South Carolina and votes to nullify the new LOWER tariff of 1832
• Force Bill gave Jackson the power to invade South Carolina if need be
• South Carolina repealed its nullification of the tariff but then nullified the Force Bill
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Nat Turner’s Rebellion• As the Northern
Abolitionist movement grew, so did the number of slave revolts.
• Nat Turner organized a revolt in which 60 whites were killed and mutilated
• Whites retaliated and had 200 slaves executed
• Southern states passed black codesThe Capture of Nat Turner. From the Library of Congress
Collection.
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Rise of the Whig Party
• Whigs were a loose organization, that was nationalist and opposed to one or more of Jackson’s policies
• Many Whigs were social reformers• Election of 1836- Jackson backed his Vice President
Martin Van Buren• Van Buren won, but inherited an economic crisis, the
Panic of 1837
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Election of 1840: Campaign of Log Cabins and Hard Cider
• First modern election; campaigning and slogans
• Smear campaign- did not focus on the issues
• William Henry Harrison (Whig) vs. Van Buren (Democrat)
• “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!”• Harrison wins, dies in a
month and Tyler takes over• Tyler vetoed Whig policies;
president without a party