CHAPTER 9Medieval Civilization:

The Rise of Western Europe

The WestEncounters and Transformations

Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas

Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Two Worlds: Manors and Cities

II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism

III. Strengthening the Center of the West

IV. Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Two Worlds: Manors and Cities

A. The Medieval Agricultural Revolution

Innovations

water and wind mills

heavy plow, mould board

crop rotations

open three-field system

Manorial system

manor house

parish church

serfs, freeholders

B. The Great Migrations

after 1100

Germans > Slavic Lands

Scandinavians > North, Atlantic

Christian Spaniards > Southern Iberia

Reconquista

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Two Worlds: Manors and Cities

C. Growth of Cities

Free cities

commiunes

Infrastructure rebuilt

Commercial revolution

Champagne fairs

meeting of trades zones

Long-distance trade

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism

A. Church Reform

Gregory the Great (590-604)

followed by decline

Cluny, 910

Innovation

freely-held

under papacy

single head

center of reform

Reform

simony, lay investiture

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism

B. Papacy

Hildebrand (c.1020-1085)

> Gregory VII (1073-1085)

Henry IV (1056-1106)

Investiture Controversy

1077, Canossa

Concordat of Worms, 1122

Canon law

Curia

Innocent III (1198-1216)

Fourth Crusade

Cathars, Waldensians

Successors

Boniface VIII (1294-1303)

Unam Sanctam, 1302

Philip IV (1285-1314)

Homosexuals

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism

C. Religious Revival

Patron Saints

Mary

New Religious Orders

Cistercians

Bernard of Clarvaux (1090-1153)

Dominicans

Dominic (1170-1221)

Franciscans

Francis of Assisi (1182-1226)

Clare of Assisi (1194-1253)

Poor Clares

1400 houses by 1315

D. Outcasts

Heretics

Cathars(Albigensians)

1208, Crusade

Waldensians

Peter Waldo (d. c.1184)

Jewish Persecution

1182, expelled from France

1190, death of Jews, York

Lepers

Homosexuals

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Strengthening the Center of the West

A. Monarchies of Western Europe

Capetian France

Ile-de-France

Philip I (1060-1080)

Louis VI the Fat (1108-1137)

Philip II Augustus (1180-1223)

baillis

Louis IX (1226-1270)

Court of appeals

Philip IV, the Fair (1285-1314)

expels Jews

confiscates Templar lands

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Strengthening the Center of the West

A. Monarchies of Western Europe

Norman England

William I (1066-1087)

Henry II (1154-1189)

judicial reform

circuit courts

John (1199-1216)

1204, loses Normany

1214, Bouvines

1215, Magna Carta

Edward I (1272-1307)

Parliament

German Empire

Frederick I (1152-1190)

v. Lombard League

1176, Legnano

Frederick II (1212-1250)

Constitutions of Melfi

Constitution in Favor of the German Princes

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Strengthening the Center of the West

A. Monarchies of Western Europe

German Empire

Frederick I (1152-1190)

v. Lombard League

1176, Legnano

Frederick II (1212-1250)

Constitutions of Melfi

Constitution in Favor of the German Princes

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding

A. Revival of Learning

monastic education

Scholasticism

cathedral schools

Peter Abelard (1079-1142)

Sic et Non

Universities

Bologna, 1158

trivium grammar, rhetoric, logic

quadrivium

arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music

A. Revival of Learning

Twelfth-century Renaissance

Arabic translations

Ibn Sina (980-1037)

(Avicenna)

Al-Ghazali (1058-1111)

The Incoherence of the Philosophers

Ibn Rushd (1126-1198)

(Averroës)

The Incoherence of the Philosophers

Maimonides (1135-1204)

Guide for the Perplexed

Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding

A. Revival of Learning

Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)

Thomism

Summary of the Catholic Faith Against the Gentile, 1261

Summary of Theology, 1265-1274

Literature

Vernacular epics

Troubadours

Chrétien de Troyes (1135-1183)

Marie de France (unknown)

B. Cathedrals

Romanesque, c.1050-c.1200

rounded vaults

ambulatory

monastic

St. Sernin, Toulouse

Cluny

Gothic

pointed arches, vaults

flying buttresses

cathedral churches

urban

St. Denis

Abbot Suger

Music

Guido of Arezzo (c.990-1050)

Polyphony, c.1170

Drama

mystery plays