CHAPTER 9Medieval Civilization:
The Rise of Western Europe
The WestEncounters and Transformations
Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Two Worlds: Manors and Cities
II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism
III. Strengthening the Center of the West
IV. Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Two Worlds: Manors and Cities
A. The Medieval Agricultural Revolution
Innovations
water and wind mills
heavy plow, mould board
crop rotations
open three-field system
Manorial system
manor house
parish church
serfs, freeholders
B. The Great Migrations
after 1100
Germans > Slavic Lands
Scandinavians > North, Atlantic
Christian Spaniards > Southern Iberia
Reconquista
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Two Worlds: Manors and Cities
C. Growth of Cities
Free cities
commiunes
Infrastructure rebuilt
Commercial revolution
Champagne fairs
meeting of trades zones
Long-distance trade
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism
A. Church Reform
Gregory the Great (590-604)
followed by decline
Cluny, 910
Innovation
freely-held
under papacy
single head
center of reform
Reform
simony, lay investiture
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism
B. Papacy
Hildebrand (c.1020-1085)
> Gregory VII (1073-1085)
Henry IV (1056-1106)
Investiture Controversy
1077, Canossa
Concordat of Worms, 1122
Canon law
Curia
Innocent III (1198-1216)
Fourth Crusade
Cathars, Waldensians
Successors
Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
Unam Sanctam, 1302
Philip IV (1285-1314)
Homosexuals
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism
C. Religious Revival
Patron Saints
Mary
New Religious Orders
Cistercians
Bernard of Clarvaux (1090-1153)
Dominicans
Dominic (1170-1221)
Franciscans
Francis of Assisi (1182-1226)
Clare of Assisi (1194-1253)
Poor Clares
1400 houses by 1315
D. Outcasts
Heretics
Cathars(Albigensians)
1208, Crusade
Waldensians
Peter Waldo (d. c.1184)
Jewish Persecution
1182, expelled from France
1190, death of Jews, York
Lepers
Homosexuals
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Strengthening the Center of the West
A. Monarchies of Western Europe
Capetian France
Ile-de-France
Philip I (1060-1080)
Louis VI the Fat (1108-1137)
Philip II Augustus (1180-1223)
baillis
Louis IX (1226-1270)
Court of appeals
Philip IV, the Fair (1285-1314)
expels Jews
confiscates Templar lands
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Strengthening the Center of the West
A. Monarchies of Western Europe
Norman England
William I (1066-1087)
Henry II (1154-1189)
judicial reform
circuit courts
John (1199-1216)
1204, loses Normany
1214, Bouvines
1215, Magna Carta
Edward I (1272-1307)
Parliament
German Empire
Frederick I (1152-1190)
v. Lombard League
1176, Legnano
Frederick II (1212-1250)
Constitutions of Melfi
Constitution in Favor of the German Princes
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Strengthening the Center of the West
A. Monarchies of Western Europe
German Empire
Frederick I (1152-1190)
v. Lombard League
1176, Legnano
Frederick II (1212-1250)
Constitutions of Melfi
Constitution in Favor of the German Princes
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding
A. Revival of Learning
monastic education
Scholasticism
cathedral schools
Peter Abelard (1079-1142)
Sic et Non
Universities
Bologna, 1158
trivium grammar, rhetoric, logic
quadrivium
arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music
A. Revival of Learning
Twelfth-century Renaissance
Arabic translations
Ibn Sina (980-1037)
(Avicenna)
Al-Ghazali (1058-1111)
The Incoherence of the Philosophers
Ibn Rushd (1126-1198)
(Averroës)
The Incoherence of the Philosophers
Maimonides (1135-1204)
Guide for the Perplexed
Chapter 9: Medieval Civilization: The Rise of Western Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Medieval Culture: The Search for Understanding
A. Revival of Learning
Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)
Thomism
Summary of the Catholic Faith Against the Gentile, 1261
Summary of Theology, 1265-1274
Literature
Vernacular epics
Troubadours
Chrétien de Troyes (1135-1183)
Marie de France (unknown)
B. Cathedrals
Romanesque, c.1050-c.1200
rounded vaults
ambulatory
monastic
St. Sernin, Toulouse
Cluny
Gothic
pointed arches, vaults
flying buttresses
cathedral churches
urban
St. Denis
Abbot Suger
Music
Guido of Arezzo (c.990-1050)
Polyphony, c.1170
Drama
mystery plays