chapter 9 psych 1 online stud
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Chapter 9Lifespan Development
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Sex and Biology
Period of Zygote
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Sex and Biology
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Sex and Biology
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Female Reproductive Organs
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Fertilization
Fertilization = sperm + ovum (the gametes) form a single new cell, a zygote.
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The Start of LifeGenetics & Prenatal Development
Fertilization: The Moment of Conception
Famous picture from Life Magazine
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The Start of Life The Onset of Development
Germinal Stage(first two weeks)
Germinal disc 0.8 hours post fertilization
Blastocyst
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The Start of Life The Onset of Development
Germinal Stage(first two weeks)
Three days post fertilization. Artificially inseminated, 69 Chromosomes
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This single cell is transformed into something resembling a person by the human genetic code.
Zygote
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Some important facts:
• The 23rd chromosome determines the sex of the child.– Females are XX.– Males are XY.– The FATHER’s sperm determines the sex of the child.
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Klinefelter’s Syndrome
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Turner’s Syndrome
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The closer the genetic link between two individuals, the more similar their IQ scores are.
Nature or nurture?
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The Start of Life The Onset of Development
Near end of embryonic stage
Embryonic Stage (two to eight weeks)
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The Start of Life The Onset of Development
Fetal Stage (eight weeks until birth)
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Labor
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Cesarean Section
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The Competent Newborn: Milestones
• Head up• Rolling over• Standing alone• Crawling• Cruising• Walking
• One word• Sentences
Infants understand a LOT without being able to produce language.
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Psychosocial Development In Childhood
• Harlows: Attachment determined by contact comfort, rather than food.
• (Attachment to an inanimate object is not sufficient for normal social development.)
• [next]
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Cognitive Development In Childhood
• Sensorimotor• Preoperational (near end of second year – ~7): Operation
= mental action– Symbolic functioning– Centration; egocentrism [next]
• Concrete Operations• Formal Operations
– Love, shades of gray, values
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Adolescence
• Puberty– Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics. – “The adolescent growth spurt”– Girls begin their growth spurts earlier (approx. 2 years) and complete them
earlier.– By age 13, boys are taller on average.
• Androgens• Estrogens • Menarche• Cultural trends• Secular trends shows earlier maturation (next slide)
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Young Adulthood
• Parenting– Authoritarian– Authoritative– Permissive– Negligent– Democratic
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Middle Adulthood
• Physical changes > characterized by a gradual decline. • Visual and auditory sensitivity declines, muscle strength
decreases, and reaction time • Hormonal changes > menopause; marks the end of
childbearing. • Decrease in estrogen production can lead to osteoporosis.
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Late Adulthood
• increase in susceptibility to disease.
• Dementia: degenerative, irreversable
• ~1/3 of 85+ may suffer from Alzheimer's disease
• Erikson: integrity versus despair– People who are unable to put their
life in perspective may experience anger, bitterness, and despair.
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Death, Dying, and Bereavement
• Elisabeth Kubler-Ross– Denial– Anger– Bargaining – Depression– Acceptance