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Middle Colonies• Patroons: Dutch colonists who owned large estates in New Netherland

• Proprietary Colony: colony where king gave one or more people land in exchange for yearly payment

• New York Colony: Settled by Dutch;

called New Netherland; NYC was New Amsterdam

Center of business & trade – large harbor and Hudson River made trade possible

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Middle Colonies• Had tradition of religious freedom

• Governed by strict Dutchman, Peter Stuyvesant

• 1664, England takes over• King gives colony to his

brother, Duke of York• Duke changes the name

to New York

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Middle Colonies• Royal Colony: Colony where English royal family directly controlled colony

• Charter Colony: Colony where monarch granted land to a person or business

• NEW JERSEY• Originally part of NY• Given to royal friends,

Carteret and Berkeley as proprietary colony

• Settlers came from all over Europe

• Later became Royal Colony

• Valued religious freedom

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Middle Colonies• Quakers: persecuted religious group; believed all were equal in God’s eyes; didn’t recognize “nobles”; let women preach; treated all equally; pacifists

• Pacifists: don’t believe in war

• William Penn: wealthy Quaker

Monarchy owed Penns money

Offered tract of land in exchange for debt

Penn took it and name it Pennsylvania; a place for Quakers

Called it “Holy Experiment”

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Middle Colonies• Pennsylvania Dutch: Group of German settlers in southeast Pennsylvania; name came from German word for “German”, deutsch (doich)

• Cash Crops: crops grown to be sold

• Philadelphia: capital of Pennsylvania; “City of Brotherly Love”

• DELAWARE COLONY: Lower counties in southeast PN

• Large German population• Asked for independence

from Pennsylvania• Penn granted it in 1704

Chapter Four, Section 2

Middle Colonies• Middle Colonies known as “breadbasket” of colonies

• Farming cash crops• Known for religious

freedom• Many craftspeople,

too