chapter one introduction to organization

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MGT 183 Principles of

Organizational Behavior

Prepared by Wan Zahirnoordin@Saito College 2014

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION



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Learning Outcomes

An introduction to Organizations.

1.1 What is an organization?

1.2 What are organization goals?

1.3 Define Organizational Behavior.

1.4 Organization Structure and Culture Management.



1.1 What is organization?

An organization is a group of two or more people working together to achieve a common goal.

Eg: Saito College Sdn. Bhd atau Royal Malaysian Police.




Defining "Goal“

A goal is a statement of a desired future an organization wishes to achieve. It describes what the organization is trying accomplish.

Goals may be strategic (making broad statements of where the organization wishes to be at some future point) or tactical (defining specific short-term results for units within the organization).

Goals serve as an internal source of motivation and commitment and provide a guide to action as well as a means of measuring performance (Barton, 2000).

Defining organizational goals helps to conceptualize and articulate the future direction of the organization, thus allowing those responsible for setting that direction to develop a common understanding of where the organization is heading. Goals provide a way of assuring that an organization will get where it wants to go.



DETERMININGOBJECTIVES

SPECIFIC

TIMELY MEASURABLE

ATTAINABLEREALISTIC

SETTING GOALS

S M A R T




Specific

A goal is specific when it provides a description of what is to be accomplished. A specific goal is a focused goal. It will state exactly what the organization intends to accomplish. While the description needs to be specific and focused, it also needs to be easily understood by those involved in its achievement. It should be written so that it can be easily and clearly communicated. A specific goal will make it easier for those writing objectives and action plans to address the following questions:

i. Who is to be involved?ii. What is to be accomplished?iii. Where is it to be done?iv. When is it to be done?




Measurable

A goal is measurable if it is quantifiable. Measurement is accomplished by first obtaining or establishing base-line data. It will also have a target toward which progress can be measured, as well as benchmarks to measure progress along the way. A measurable goal will answer questions such as: i. How much?ii. How many?iii. How will you know when it is accomplished?




Attainable

There should be a realistic chance that a goal can be accomplished. This does not mean or imply that goals should be easy. On the contrary, a goal should be challenging. It should be set by or in concert with the person responsible for its achievement. The organization's leadership, and where appropriate its stakeholders, should agree that the goal is important and that appropriate time and resources will be focused on its accomplishment. An attainable goal should also allow for flexibility. A goal that can no longer be achieved should be altered or abandoned.




Relevant

Goals should be appropriate to and consistent with the mission and vision of the organization. Each goal adopted by the organization should be one that moves the organization toward the achievement of its vision. Relevant goals will not conflict with other organizational goals. As noted earlier, goals are set by or in concert with the person responsible for achievement. It is important that all short-term goals be relevant (e.g., consistent) with the longer-term and broader goals of the organization.




Time-bound

Finally a goal must be bound by time. That is, it must have a starting and ending point. It should also have some intermediate points at which progress can be assessed. Limiting the time in which a goal must be accomplished helps to focus effort toward its achievement.




Types of Goals

Official goals are the general aims of an organization as expressed in the corporatecharter, annual reports, public statements and mission statements. Theirpurpose is to give the organization a favorable public image, providelegitimacy, and justify its activities.

Operative goals reflect the actual intention of an organization. They describe the concrete steps to be taken to achieve the

organization's purpose. They often don't correspond with official goals.




For example: Many organizations mention environmentally friendly behavior as a goal of the organization. However in a study of organizations actually including environmental friendly behavior as an organizational goal, very few had corresponding operative goals, i.e. very few delineated how such behavior would be implemented in the different departments of the organization.



1.3 Explain what is Organizational Behavior?

Define as:It is a field of study that investigates how individuals, groups and structures impact behavior within organization.

A field of study what investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. Stephen P. Robbins




Three levels of analysis in organizational behaviour.

OB studies three determines of behavior in organizations, Individuals,groups and structure.

OB applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups and theeffect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work moreeffectively.

OB is concerned with the study of what people do in organization andhow that behavior affects the performance of the organizations.

There increasing agreement as to the components of OB ,but there isstill considerable debate as to the relative importance of each,motivation, leader, behavior and power, interpersonal communication,group structure and processes, learning, attitude development andperception ,change processes, conflict, work design and work stress.




Relationship between Individual, Group and Structure in Organizational Behavior



Basic Assumptions• Contingency Theory (Pendekatan IF

THEN)SENARIO.• The contingency approach to managing

organization explores ways to meet the different needs of different management situations.

• Level of Analysis• Individual, Group & StructureIndividual

Group

Structure

Identify and explain the basic assumption of organizational behaviour.




The high performance global organizations are designed to work in global environment by building capable workforce for sustainable organizational results.

1) Work in the group of 5 to 7 members. Discuss the key trends that effect OB in global organizations. GlobalizationQuality and productivityTechnologyEthicsDiversityNation Building




The formal framework by which job tasksare divided, grouped, and coordinated Organizat

ional Structure



Organizational Structure

a. Work Specialization

b. Departmentalization

Functional

Product

Geographical

Process

Customer

c. Chain of Command

Authority

Responsibility

Unity of Command



Organizational Structure

d. Span of Control

e. Centralization

f. Decentralization

g. Formalization




Culture Management




• Power Culture

• Role culture

• Decisions are made by one people or small number of people.

• Individuals are assigned a specific role or job.




• Task culture

• Person culture

• use of teams to complete tasks especially if the task/objective has a number of steps.

• people working within the organization as they rely on the specialist knowledge of the workforce.




• Forward culture

• Backward culture

• Organizations that have an entrepreneurial spirit, embrace change and take risks, are said to be forward looking.

• A backward looking culture does not embrace change and is led by systems and procedures



When we walk into an organization we often get a 'feeling' about it; whether it feels fast moving and responsive, or old and backward looking, this 'feeling' is referred to as the 'organizational culture'. Culture is about how a firm organizes itself; rules, procedures and beliefs make up the culture of a company.





Definition of Culture

&

Organizational Culture.



Defined as shared ways of thinking and doing things.

Culture:



The basic pattern of shared assumptions, values and beliefs that govern behaviour within a particular organization.

Organizational Culture


1. It is a deeply embedded form of social control.

Organizational Culture has 3 main functions:

2. It is also the “social glue” that bonds people together and makes them feel part of the organizational experiences.

3. Corporate culture helps employees make sense of the workplace.

Organizational Concepts:

Click icon to add picture1) Responding to

globalization

2) Managing workforce diversity

3) Improving quality and productivity

4) Improving people skills

5) Empowering people

6) Coping with temporariness

7) Simulating innovation and change

8) Improving ethical behaviour


Key biographical characteristics

1) Age/ Umur.2) Gender/ Jantina.3)Marital status/ Status perkahwinan. 4) Tenure/ Tempoh perkhidmatan.



A SAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONS CHART.



Dasar Kualiti & Objektif

Dasar Kualiti• Komitmen Majlis adalah memberikan perkhidmatan yang cepat, tepat berkesan dan mesra

serta berinisiatif untuk menambah baik kualiti perkhidmatan bagi kepuasan hati pelangan.

Objektif • Membangunkan ekonomi yang berdaya saing dan dinamik.• Menjadikan Petaling Jaya sebagai pusat perdagangan dan kediaman idaman.• Menjadikan Petaling Jaya sebagai bandaraya dalam taman.• Menjadikan Petaling Jaya sebagai bandaraya bebas halangan.• Menjadikan Petaling Jaya sebagai "Bandaraya Ilmu(Knowledge City)".• Menguruskan alam sekitar berdasarkan prinsip pembangunan mampan.• Membentuk modal insan yang penyayang, dinamik dan cemerlang.• Menyediakan, mengurus dan menyelenggara aset secara sistematik dan terancang.• Menjadikan inovasi dan kreativiti sebagai teras pengurusan dan pentadbiran

Majlis(Strategi Blue Ocean).



MISI DAN VISI

Misi • Menyediakan Kemudahan Dan Perkhidmatan Yang Berkualiti Demi Kesejahteraan

Petaling Jaya

Visi • Petaling Jaya Bandaraya Peneraju, Dinamik dan Lestari



MOTO DAN MATLAMAT

Moto • Mesra Cepat dan Tepat - Kualiti Keutamaan Kami

Matlamat• Menjadi Bandaraya Terulung Dalam Penyediaan Perkhidmatan Dan Prasarana Yang

Berkualiti Untuk Pelanggan



PIAGAM PELANGGAN MBPJ

KOMITMEN KAMI IALAH UNTUK MEMBERI PERKHIDMATAN BERKUALITI DENGAN MESRA, CEPAT DAN MEMUASKAN

• Memberi perkhidmatan yang mesra, cepat, tepat dan sistematik pada setiap masa.• Memberi maklum balas kepada permohonan, aduan dan perkhidmatan dalam tempoh dua(2)

minggu. • Mengutip semua jenis hasil Majlis mengikut tempoh yang ditetapkan.• Menguatkuasakan Undang-Undang dan Peraturan pada setiap masa.• Meluluskan Pelan Pembangunan dalam tempoh tiga(3) bulan dengan syarat pihak berkenaan

mengemukakan permohonan lengkap dan mematuhi dasar serta prinsip yang ditetapkan. • Meluluskan permohonan permit dan lesen dalam tempoh satu(1) hari dengan syarat pihak

berkenaan mengemukakan dokumen lengkap dan mematuhi dasar serta prinsip yang ditetapkan.• Melaksanakan perkhidmatan penyelenggaraan prasarana mengikut jadual yang ditetapkan. • Menjamin kebersihan dan kesihatan awam serta keselesaan penduduk pada setiap masa.• Melaksanakan tanggungjawab sosial melalui aktiviti kemasyarakatan bagi penduduk mengikut

program yang ditetapkan.



Review questions1) Define organization.

2) Do you agree Royal Malaysian Police is formal organization? Explain.

3) Organizational Behavior refer to ______________________________.

4) If manager face problems within department, name two best approached you think he or she might use that recommended by Organizational Behavior study. Briefly explain each of basics assumption.

5) State THREE (3) level of analysis in OB?

6) State THREE (3) Biographical Characteristics of individuals that is related to his / her behaviour.

7) Differentiate between Culture and Organizational Culture?

8) Describe “high performance global organizations”?

9) What kind of managerial challenges to organizations face nowadays?

10) Elaborate ‘social glue’ one of the important element in organizational culture.


chapter one introduction to organization

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