chapter1-basic concepts of measurements-09

8/8/2019 Chapter1-Basic Concepts of Measurements-09

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Topic 1.1Topic 1.1-- 11EEB5223/EAB4223 Industrial Automation & Control Systems

EEB 5223/EAB4223EEB 5223/EAB4223

Industrial Automation and ControlIndustrial Automation and ControlSystemsSystems

Process/Industrial Instrumentation andMeasurements

Automation

DCS and Fieldbus

Dr. Rosdiazli Ibrahim

Department of Electrical & Electronics EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS

22.03.27

Email: [email protected]

Tel: 05-368 7821


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1. Basic Concepts of Measurement System

2. Calibration3. Temperature Measurements

4. Pressure Measurements

5. Flow rate Measurements

6. Level Measurements

7. Loop drawing/connections

Topics-Part 1:

Assessments:

50% - Final examination20% - Test (10% X 2).

10 % - Assignment questions.

20% - Lab reports: Each from Part 1 & 2.

TopicsTopics--Part 3:Part 3:1. DCS

2. Fieldbus

TopicsTopics--Part 2:Part 2:1. PLC: Features

2. PLC programminglanguages: IEC1131

3. Sequential/batch/continuous processes


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This course cover topics related to measurements(PLTF) and automation in the process industry. Theseinclude a study on industrial sensors and actuators, industrial

controllers such as computer-based control, PLC, DCS andFF.

This course cover topics related to measurements(PLTF) and automation in the process industry. Theseinclude a study on industrial sensors and actuators, industrial

controllers such as computer-based control, PLC, DCS andFF.

Synopsis

SynopsisSynopsis Learning Outcomes

Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

that students are expected to achieve aftersuccessfully completing the course

that students are expected to achieve aftersuccessfully completing the course

The learning outcomes related toIndustrial instruments andMeasurements

Have knowledge andunderstanding of the variousprocess industry instruments,

concept of measurements,calibration and configurationrequirements and their applications.

Be able to design and develop acontrol loop consisting the processinstruments, based on a prescribed

requirement.

The learning outcomes related toAutomation and the implementation ofProgrammable logic controller

Have knowledge and

understanding of the PLCarchitecture and its importance inautomation.

Be able to develop a PLC programto perform sequential, and batchcontrol.

The learning outcomes related toDCS and Foundation Fieldbus usein process industries.

Have knowledge and

understanding of a DCS and itsuse in process industries, andthe features and architecture of aFoundation Fieldbus system, andits improvement over theconventional DCS.

The course syllabus is designed to provide students in the key and base areas ofindustrial automation, using mixed-mode delivery comprises of lecture-tutorial-lab activities that covers the technical, theory and practical.

Process , Industrial Instr.& Meas.

Process , IndustrialProcess , Industrial InstrInstr.& Meas..& Meas. Automation

AutomationAutomation DCS and Foundation Fieldbus

DCS and FoundationDCS and Foundation FieldbusFieldbus


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Learning OutcomesLearning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

To achieve the following Learning Outcomes:

Have knowledge and understanding of the various process

industry instruments, the concept of measurements,calibration and configuration requirements and theirapplications.

Be able to design and develop a control loop consisting theprocess instruments, based on a prescribed requirement.

.

Assessment CriteriaAssessment CriteriaAssessment Criteria

Assessment criteria:

To demonstrate student has achieved the learning

outcomes

Describe the measuring principles, calibration andconfiguration requirements of different processindustry instruments and their applications.

Design and develop a control loop using the relevantinstruments to meet specifications

Assessment criteria: Basic concepts of measurements

Process control terminologies

Calibration

Lab experiences Calibration,

configuration oftransmitters,controllers,recorders andother peripherals,

wiring, selectionand installation.

Design andimplementation ofa simple controlloop.

Assessment criteria: Signal Conditioning

P,T,L,F to mA, V

V-V,V-mA,mA-V


Applications and selections of sensors and actuatorsused in industries

Pressure Level Temperature Flow


Design and implement a simple controlloop.

Process , Industrial Instrumentation & MeasurementProcess , Industrial Instrumentation & MeasurementProcess , Industrial Instrumentation & Measurement





Have knowledge and understanding of the PLC architecture

and its importance in automation.

Be able to develop a PLC program to perform a sequential,and a batch control.

.

.




outcomes Describe and discuss the architecture and input-output

features of a PLC, and its importance in automation.

Develop, design, and use the appropriate instructionsto write a program to perform specific task in particularsequential process in automation/process plant, and a

batch process.

Hardware structure of a PLC PLC architecture: CPU, I/O modules, peripheral

equipments.

Review PLC internal architecture: Timers, counters,arithmetic function, and logical operation.

Advanced instruction sets.

Lab experiences Sequential control,

electropneumaticsystems, conveyorbelt systems.

Design and

implementation ofPLC system inautomation/process control.

Sensors and actuators forautomation

Applications and selections of sensorsand actuators used in industries

Software structure of a PLC

PLC internal architecture: Timers, counters,arithmetic function, and logical operation.

Advanced instruction sets.

Programming

Programming sequence function chartsand Grafcet.

Implementation of PLCs for

sequential/batch control

AutomationAutomationAutomation





Have knowledge and understanding of a DCS and its use inprocess industries, and the features and architecture of aFieldbus system, and its improvement over theconventional DCS

.

.




outcomes Explain the structure of a DCS and its use in process

industries, its benefits and limitations.

Describe the various components of a typical fieldbusarchitecture, the control configurations and itsimprovement over the conventional DCS architecture.

MMI

Explain the man-machineinterface and the features of a

control room.

DCS

Describe the structure of aDCS and its use in process

plant and other industries.

Fieldbus

Describe the overall layout of afieldbus system used in industry.

FF Topologies

Interoperability, Reliability

CIF

Simple implementation example

DCS & Foundation FieldbusDCS & FoundationDCS & Foundation FieldbusFieldbus



References:

Curtis D. Johnson,Process Control Instrumentation

Technology, Pearson.

Dally, Riley & Mc Connell, Instrumentation forEngineering Measurements, Wiley

E. O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems Applicationand Design, Mc Graw Hill.



Lab Part 1 (week 2- 7):

Process Instrumentation for T,P,L,F, using singlestation controller, recorder, transmitter etc.

Design and implementation of a simple control loop

Lab Part 2 (week 8- 11):

PLC for sequential control conveyor belt system,

electropneumatic actuators.

Design and implementation of PLC in automation



TEST 1 TEST 2

ASSIGNMENT 1 ASSIGNMENT 2

Formal Lab ReportCalibration,

Configurationand

Loop design

Formal Lab Report

PLC andElectropneumatic

systems

LabBriefing &Grouping

Calibration oftransmitters

(P, L, F)

Calibration oftransmitters

(P, L, F)

Calibration oftransmitters (T)

Calibration oftransmitters (T)

Configuration ofController &

Recorder

LOOP design &interconnection

Electro-pneumatic

actuators & PLC

Conveyorbelt system

& PLC

1week

1week

3we

eks

2

weeks

2weeks

Emphasize learning through the accessibility to lab-based activities using real

instruments, formal reports and continuous assessments...



Concepts of Measurements

Basic Concepts of Measurement Systems

Objective of measurements

To establish the value or the tendency of some

variable based on the value or the tendency suggested by themeasurement device.

General Measurement SystemA measurementassigns a specific value to a physical

variable, measured variables.



A Measurement System

SensorStage

TransducerStage

SignalConditioning

OutputStage

Control

StageProcess

A general template for a measurement system



Sensor

Sensor is a physical element that uses some natural

phenomenon to sense the variable being measured Sensor selection, placement, and installation are

particularly important, because the input to themeasurement system is the information sensed by thesensor

The interpretation of all information passed through andindicated by the system depends on that which is actually

sensed by the sensor

Components for Measurements


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Transducer

The transducer converts the sensed information intoa detectable signal form, such as electrical,mechanical, optical or otherwise

Convert the sensed information into a form that canbe easily quantified

The term transducer often used in reference to apackaged device, may contain a sensor, transducer,

and even some signal conditioning elements



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Signal Conditioning

It will take the transducer signal and modifies it to a desiredform

This optional intermediate stage might be used to performtask such as

to increase the magnitude of the signal throughamplification

to remove some portions of the signal through some

filtering technique to provide mechanical/optical linkage between transducer

and output stage



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Output stage This stage provides an indication of the value of the

measurement.

The equipment might be a simple readout display or a markedscale or it might contain a device that can record the signal forlater analysis.



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Control stage This stage contains a controller that interprets the measured

signal and makes a decisions regarding the control of theprocess.

This decision results in a change in a process parameter thateffects the magnitude of the sensed value



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In process control Puts emphasis on the four (4) major control variables

in process control, P,L,F,T needed forimplementation of automatic control.

Allows the application of transmitters, controller, and

recorders in the control loop to achieve a requiredcontrol.

Allows investigation on the limitations of

instruments for process control, and the importanceof correct measurements, in a control system.


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alve Open command

DCS

Output terminalblock

To client

PC

24VDC

Digital output fromDCS

4-20mA

24VDC

Digital inputto DCS

24VDC

Input terminalblock

24VDC

Signal conditioning : Digital I/OsSignal conditioning : Digital I/Os


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Control valve 1

Control valve 2

DCS

Signalconditioner

Output terminalblock

To clientPC

0-10V

4-20mA

4-20mA

4-20mA

Pressure transmitter

Temperature transmitter

DCS

Signal

conditioner

Input terminal

block

To clientPC

0-10V

4-20mA

4-20mA

4-20mA

Flow transmitter

4-20mA

Signal conditioning :Signal conditioning : AnalogAnalog I/OsI/Os


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Size or Range

Operating Conditions

Cost

Compatibility Standardisation

Delivery

Life Expectancy

The influential factors that determine theselection of process instrumentsfor process plant

Certification by GovernmentAgencies

Maintenance Capability

Confidence, Known Past

Performance

Design Features

Supplier Backup. Credibility

Selection of Process Instruments

End of Lecture notes on Basic Concepts of MeasurementsEnd of Lecture notes on Basic Concepts of Measurements


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chapter1-basic concepts of measurements-09

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