Chapters 6-7Chapters 6-7

Launching a New NationLaunching a New Nation

Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789 Created the initial judicial structure (still the same)Created the initial judicial structure (still the same) Supreme Court is the “law of the land”Supreme Court is the “law of the land”

George Washington George Washington First PresidentFirst President Had many challenges when he took officeHad many challenges when he took office

CabinetCabinet Created to help George Washington govern betterCreated to help George Washington govern better Made up of all the chief advisors to the PresidentMade up of all the chief advisors to the President

CabinetCabinet

Cabinet—departments with chief Cabinet—departments with chief advisors who would become the advisors who would become the presidents advisors on a variety of topicspresidents advisors on a variety of topics

Initial Cabinet:Initial Cabinet: Department of State, Department of War, Department of State, Department of War,

Department of the Treasury, and the Attorney Department of the Treasury, and the Attorney GeneralGeneral

Today’s CabinetToday’s Cabinet http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/cabinet.ht

ml There are a lot more Cabinet members todayThere are a lot more Cabinet members today

Jefferson/Hamilton Jefferson/Hamilton DebatesDebates

Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton Believed in a strong national governmentBelieved in a strong national government Wealthy Upper Class, Good Trade/IndustryWealthy Upper Class, Good Trade/Industry Very much like GBVery much like GB

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Believed in strong state governmentsBelieved in strong state governments More concerned with farmers (southerners)More concerned with farmers (southerners)

Washington DC became the capital of Washington DC became the capital of United States (made Southerners happy)United States (made Southerners happy)

Early Political PartiesEarly Political Parties

FederalistsFederalists People who shared Hamilton’s viewPeople who shared Hamilton’s view Strong government is the key to a Strong government is the key to a

successful countrysuccessful country

Democratic RepublicansDemocratic Republicans People who shared Jefferson’s viewPeople who shared Jefferson’s view Strong state governments is the key to a Strong state governments is the key to a

successful countrysuccessful country

Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion

Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion Farmers in the west were mad about high Farmers in the west were mad about high

taxestaxes Hamilton had the government/army put a Hamilton had the government/army put a

swift end to the rebellion (much different swift end to the rebellion (much different than Shay’s)than Shay’s)

Showed 2 Important thingsShowed 2 Important things New Power of our governmentNew Power of our government Division that was starting to appear between Division that was starting to appear between

N/S and Urban/RuralN/S and Urban/Rural

Foreign ProblemsForeign Problems French Revolution (US Support??)French Revolution (US Support??)

GB had supported the old leaders of France..GB had supported the old leaders of France.. Federalist supported the British pt. of viewFederalist supported the British pt. of view Dem-Republicans supported the French ppl..Dem-Republicans supported the French ppl.. Washington decided on Washington decided on neutralityneutrality--not --not

taking either side in the revolution. taking either side in the revolution. Other ProblemsOther Problems

Spanish and the British were not leaving the Spanish and the British were not leaving the lands west of the Appalachian Mtns.lands west of the Appalachian Mtns.

Native American IssuesNative American Issues

Native American IssuesNative American Issues

Ohio BattlesOhio Battles US was fighting against Little Turtle and the US was fighting against Little Turtle and the

Miami ConfederacyMiami Confederacy Fighting over land by the Ohio RiverFighting over land by the Ohio River Americans were finally able to winAmericans were finally able to win Set a precedent on how to deal with IndiansSet a precedent on how to deal with Indians

Buy land way cheaper than what it is worthBuy land way cheaper than what it is worth Fight against them if they resistFight against them if they resist Force them to leave...Force them to leave...

PoliticsPolitics

George Washington decided against a 3rd term as George Washington decided against a 3rd term as PresidentPresident

John Adams (F) ran against Thomas Jefferson (DR)John Adams (F) ran against Thomas Jefferson (DR) Adams won the election 71-68Adams won the election 71-68 Constitution said that Adams would be President Constitution said that Adams would be President

and Jefferson (runner-up) would be VPand Jefferson (runner-up) would be VP Sectionalism--placing the interest of one region Sectionalism--placing the interest of one region

ahead of those of the nationahead of those of the nation Most of the North voted for AdamsMost of the North voted for Adams Most of the South voted for JeffersonMost of the South voted for Jefferson

Other IssuesOther Issues

XYZ AffairXYZ Affair Attempt by the French to bribe Americans who Attempt by the French to bribe Americans who

were attempting to negotiate a peace treaty.were attempting to negotiate a peace treaty. Made us mad at the French (almost went to Made us mad at the French (almost went to

war)war)

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts Passed by FederalistPassed by Federalist Limited the rights of immigrants, done b/c Limited the rights of immigrants, done b/c

immigrants tended to be Dem-Reps.immigrants tended to be Dem-Reps. Violated the constitutionViolated the constitution

Politics AgainPolitics Again

Election of 1800Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson vs. John AdamsThomas Jefferson vs. John Adams Jefferson and his Vice-Presidential candidate Aaron Jefferson and his Vice-Presidential candidate Aaron

Burr both tied for the most electoral votesBurr both tied for the most electoral votes Alexander Hamilton convinced the House to vote for Alexander Hamilton convinced the House to vote for

Jefferson (He would become the 3rd President)Jefferson (He would become the 3rd President) Famous DuelFamous Duel

Burr was mad at Hamilton, challenged him to a duelBurr was mad at Hamilton, challenged him to a duel Hamilton fired his shot in the air, Burr shot Hamilton Hamilton fired his shot in the air, Burr shot Hamilton

in the chest and killed him...then ran away to in the chest and killed him...then ran away to Europe.Europe.

PoliticsPolitics

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Did everything he could to make the govt. smallerDid everything he could to make the govt. smaller Federalist Party began to fall apartFederalist Party began to fall apart

John MarshallJohn Marshall Chief Justice of the Supreme CourtChief Justice of the Supreme Court Increased the power of the CourtIncreased the power of the Court

Marbury vs MadisonMarbury vs Madison Established the idea of Judicial ReviewEstablished the idea of Judicial Review Supreme Court look at whether laws/actions follow Supreme Court look at whether laws/actions follow

the constitutionthe constitution

Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion

Daniel BooneDaniel Boone One of the first western explorersOne of the first western explorers Created a road from Virginia to KentuckyCreated a road from Virginia to Kentucky

French InterestsFrench Interests France (Napoleon) bought a ton of land from Spain, France (Napoleon) bought a ton of land from Spain,

wanted to create an Empire in Americawanted to create an Empire in America Had problems governing Haiti, decided to sell landHad problems governing Haiti, decided to sell land

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase France sold land west of the Mississippi River and New France sold land west of the Mississippi River and New

Orleans for 15 million dollars (doubled the size of Orleans for 15 million dollars (doubled the size of America)America)

Lewis and Clark--were chose to explore the Louisiana Purchase

Sacajawea--Indian Guide that helped them on their triphttp://www.lewis-clark.org/

War of 1812War of 1812

Reason why US declared war on GBReason why US declared war on GB1.1. Impressment—British would seize Americans at sea Impressment—British would seize Americans at sea

and make them fight for the British against France. and make them fight for the British against France. In response to this Jefferson passed an Embargo (ban In response to this Jefferson passed an Embargo (ban on exporting goods) to France and Great Britain.on exporting goods) to France and Great Britain.

2.2. Indian Problems—Great Britain was helping the Indian Problems—Great Britain was helping the Native Americans form an confederacy against the Native Americans form an confederacy against the William Henry Harrison and the Americans.William Henry Harrison and the Americans.

Tecumseh—Indian Chief, lost @ the battle of Tecumseh—Indian Chief, lost @ the battle of Tippecanoe…Harrison became a heroTippecanoe…Harrison became a hero

3.3. War Hawks—young congressmen who favored war War Hawks—young congressmen who favored war with GB to help strengthen Americawith GB to help strengthen America

War of 1812---What War of 1812---What happenedhappened

What happenedWhat happened Initially the US lost most battles—not ready to Initially the US lost most battles—not ready to

fightfight Eventually, the US won some battles in Canada Eventually, the US won some battles in Canada

and the Ohio Territoryand the Ohio Territory US NAVY helped (small ships that were able to US NAVY helped (small ships that were able to

move quicker than the British ships)move quicker than the British ships) In 1814, the British captured Washington DC In 1814, the British captured Washington DC

and burned all the government buildingsand burned all the government buildings GB eventually became tired of fighting against GB eventually became tired of fighting against

the Americansthe Americans

War of 1812---the endWar of 1812---the end

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson Became famous for winning a bunch of battles Became famous for winning a bunch of battles

against the British and Native Americansagainst the British and Native Americans Battle of New Orleans—famous battle that the Battle of New Orleans—famous battle that the

Americans won (actually fought after the Americans won (actually fought after the British had surrendered)British had surrendered)

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent Peace Treaty that ended the fightingPeace Treaty that ended the fighting After the war, the Americans and the British After the war, the Americans and the British

had a much better relationship (friends ever had a much better relationship (friends ever since)since)

Chapter 7Chapter 7

Regional Economics Regional Economics Create DifferencesCreate Differences

Economic ChangesEconomic Changes

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution Factories were able to start mass Factories were able to start mass

producingproducing Social and economic changed that Social and economic changed that

occurred because of an increase in occurred because of an increase in technologytechnology

New England was the first place in New England was the first place in America to become “industrialized”America to become “industrialized”

Many young men/women left the farms in Many young men/women left the farms in the north and moved to citiesthe north and moved to cities

Regional DifferencesRegional Differences

NorthNorth More industry, small farms (grew what family needed)More industry, small farms (grew what family needed) Started to invest more in livestock---no slavesStarted to invest more in livestock---no slaves

SouthSouth No reason to industrialize (make more factories)No reason to industrialize (make more factories) Eli Whitney—Invented the Cotton GinEli Whitney—Invented the Cotton Gin

Made it easier to mass produce cottonMade it easier to mass produce cotton States like Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana grew in pop.States like Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana grew in pop. Cotton Kingdom (Ala, Miss, La)---area that produced a ton Cotton Kingdom (Ala, Miss, La)---area that produced a ton

of cotton.of cotton. 500,000 new slaves were brought to the South after the 500,000 new slaves were brought to the South after the

Cotton Gin was inventedCotton Gin was invented

Economic DifferencesEconomic Differences

Tariff of 1816Tariff of 1816 Placed a tax on all goods imported into AmericaPlaced a tax on all goods imported into America North was happy b/c it encouraged manufacturing North was happy b/c it encouraged manufacturing

in Americain America South was upset because they need to import more South was upset because they need to import more

goods than the Northgoods than the North Ultimately it led to more money coming into Ultimately it led to more money coming into

AmericaAmerica

McCulloch vs. MarylandMcCulloch vs. Maryland National government had control over the economy National government had control over the economy

and would be more powerful than state and would be more powerful than state governments.governments.

Attempts to Promote UnityAttempts to Promote Unity

Henry ClayHenry Clay Wanted to unite America by economy and transportationWanted to unite America by economy and transportation

National RoadNational Road Connect Maryland to IllinoisConnect Maryland to Illinois

Erie CanalErie Canal Connected Lake Erie (all the Great Lakes) to the Atlantic Connected Lake Erie (all the Great Lakes) to the Atlantic

Ocean (via Hudson River)Ocean (via Hudson River) People could ship things cheaper from the Midwest.People could ship things cheaper from the Midwest.

Robert FultonRobert Fulton Created the first steam ship, changed river and lake Created the first steam ship, changed river and lake

transporationtransporation

Internal AffairsInternal Affairs

NationalismNationalism Belief that national interests should be placed Belief that national interests should be placed

ahead of regional interestsahead of regional interests Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

James Monroe (Pres) told European countries to James Monroe (Pres) told European countries to stay out of the affairs of the Western stay out of the affairs of the Western HemisphereHemisphere

Also said the US would stay out of their businessAlso said the US would stay out of their business Russia, Spain, Portugal were looking to expand Russia, Spain, Portugal were looking to expand

in Americain America This causes settlers to move west This causes settlers to move west

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

ControversyControversy Missouri had 60,000 people—wanted to be a Missouri had 60,000 people—wanted to be a

statestate At the time, there were 11 free states (no At the time, there were 11 free states (no

slavery) and 11 slave statesslavery) and 11 slave states Missouri wanted to have slaves and Northern Missouri wanted to have slaves and Northern

Congressmen blocked it from becoming a stateCongressmen blocked it from becoming a state People became very upsetPeople became very upset Northerners thought South was trying to Northerners thought South was trying to

expand slavery, Southerners thought the North expand slavery, Southerners thought the North was trying to end slaverywas trying to end slavery

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise Missouri would be admitted as a slave stateMissouri would be admitted as a slave state Maine would be created/admitted as a free Maine would be created/admitted as a free

statestate Louisiana Territory would be divided into 2 Louisiana Territory would be divided into 2

regions…lands north of the 36-30 line could regions…lands north of the 36-30 line could not have slaves, lands south of the line not have slaves, lands south of the line could have slaves.could have slaves.

36-30 line (southern border of Missouri)36-30 line (southern border of Missouri)

Age of JacksonAge of Jackson

John Quincy Adams vs Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams vs Andrew Jackson (1824)(1824)

Adams won the presidency but there were issuesAdams won the presidency but there were issues Adams had more electoral votes (not a majority Adams had more electoral votes (not a majority

though) and less total votes than Jacksonthough) and less total votes than Jackson Henry Clay convinced the House of Reps to vote for Henry Clay convinced the House of Reps to vote for

Adams…Jackson became very upsetAdams…Jackson became very upset Jackson decided to form his own political party Jackson decided to form his own political party

(Democrats)…had support b/c he was popular(Democrats)…had support b/c he was popular In 1828, Jackson won the Presidential ElectionIn 1828, Jackson won the Presidential Election

Policies of JacksonPolicies of Jackson

Spoils SystemSpoils System He replaced qualified people in the government He replaced qualified people in the government

with people that he was friends with (wouldn’t say with people that he was friends with (wouldn’t say no to him)no to him)

Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act First tried Assimilation—give up own culture and First tried Assimilation—give up own culture and

become more America. (Some did this)become more America. (Some did this) Indian Removal Act—government forced Natives Indian Removal Act—government forced Natives

tribes to move West away from white settlerstribes to move West away from white settlers

Cherokee IndiansCherokee Indians

CherokeeCherokee Wanted to stay in Georgia/create own societyWanted to stay in Georgia/create own society Went to the Supreme Court, got some basic rights, also Went to the Supreme Court, got some basic rights, also

started to assimilatestarted to assimilate Some leaders were tricked into signing a treaty and forced Some leaders were tricked into signing a treaty and forced

to moveto move

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears 20,000 Cherokee were forced to move from Georgia to 20,000 Cherokee were forced to move from Georgia to

Oklahoma (forced by troops)Oklahoma (forced by troops) Federal officials stole most of the things the Cherokee hadFederal officials stole most of the things the Cherokee had A very high percentage of Cherokee died on this tripA very high percentage of Cherokee died on this trip

Daniel Webster vs John Daniel Webster vs John CalhounCalhoun

Webster (Mass--Sen) vs Calhoun (VP SC)Webster (Mass--Sen) vs Calhoun (VP SC) Argued over states rights and financial issuesArgued over states rights and financial issues Calhoun was upset about tariffs that were hurting SouthCalhoun was upset about tariffs that were hurting South Calhoun argued that laws that hurt one state were Calhoun argued that laws that hurt one state were

unconstitutionalunconstitutional Calhoun said that SC would not pay any more tariffs and Calhoun said that SC would not pay any more tariffs and

threatened to leave the United States.threatened to leave the United States.

Jackson’s ResponseJackson’s Response He was mad, had congress pass the Force Bill (President He was mad, had congress pass the Force Bill (President

could take any steps necessary in enforce a law)could take any steps necessary in enforce a law) Jackson tended to act like a king from time to timeJackson tended to act like a king from time to time

New Political LandscapeNew Political Landscape Whig PartyWhig Party

Created by Democrats who were upset with JacksonCreated by Democrats who were upset with Jackson Wanted government control and unityWanted government control and unity

Martin Van BurenMartin Van Buren Jackson’s VP (after Calhoun), was able to win the 1836 Presidential Jackson’s VP (after Calhoun), was able to win the 1836 Presidential

Election. Had to deal with the Panic of 1837 caused by Jackson’s bad Election. Had to deal with the Panic of 1837 caused by Jackson’s bad economic policieseconomic policies

William Henry Harrison (Whig) 1840William Henry Harrison (Whig) 1840 Old war veteran that everyone liked…able to defeat Van BurenOld war veteran that everyone liked…able to defeat Van Buren Used modern slogans and campaign techniquesUsed modern slogans and campaign techniques Died a month into being presidentDied a month into being president

John Tyler (Whig)John Tyler (Whig) Harrison’s VP….Whigs chose him only b/c he was from SouthHarrison’s VP….Whigs chose him only b/c he was from South Tyler and the Whig party hated each other..not good presidentTyler and the Whig party hated each other..not good president