characteristics of traditional culture exploitation …

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

AND TRAINING

MINISTRY OF

CONSTRUCTION

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE

NGUYEN SONG HOAN NGUYEN

CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE

EXPLOITATION IN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE

IN BIG CITIES IN VIETNAM

Major: Architecture

Code: 62.58.01.02

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS OF ARCHITECTURE

Ho Chi Minh City - 2016

The work is completed in:

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE

Science instructor

1. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PH.D. LE THANH SON

2. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PH.D. TRINH DUY ANH

Opponent 1:

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PH.D. TON THAT ĐAI

Opponent 2:

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PH.D. NGUYEN QUOC THONG

Opponent 3:

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PH.D. PHAM ANH DUNG

The thesis is protected in front of the University-level Thesis

Examination Board in: HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF

ARCHITECTURE

At…… ……..on……………..

The thesis can be investigated in the library:

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE &

HO CHI MINH CITY GENERAL SCIENCE LIBRARY.

1

PREAMBLE

1. The reason for the research

The current exploitation of the traditional culture (TC) in the

residential architecture (RA) in the big cities in Vietnam faces many

choices on both theory and practice aspects. It is because of the

appearance of many new elements that have been unprecedented in the

traditional houses.

From the actual residential architecture development, applicable

theoretical basis is necessary to orient the traditional development for

higher efficiency, and promote the role of technology and creativity,

which is suitable with using demand, and maintain the ability to identify

ethnicity. The current researches and suggestions often select the

characteristics of the culture and the architecture to exploit but they have

not approached from the systemic relationships between them, resulting

in the subjective and emotional judgment. As a result, with the system

approach, the exploitation from the selection to the introduction of the

traditional culture value application model in the urban residential

architecture in Vietnam has never been researched before, and this is also

the reason for the research topic of the thesis.

2. The object and scope of the research

- The object of the research is the relationship between the

traditional culture and the urban residential architecture, including 2

components as function & form. Through this relationship analysis, the

typical values will be selected, and the application model will be built in

the current urban residential architecture.

- The Scope of the research: limit to the traditional culture of the

Vietnamese (Kinh) in the big cities such as Hanoi, Da Nang, Ho Chi

Minh City…

2

3. The aim of the research

- Group up the traditional culture value system and identify its

manifestation in the current residential architecture in the big cities in

Vietnam;

- Analyze the relationship between the traditional culture value and

the function and form, thereby select the values with high impact to

continue the inheritance;

- Build the model and method to exploit the traditional culture value

selected in the residential architecture in the big cities in Vietnam.

4. Related researches and remaining issues

The thesis briefly introduces 10 research topics relating to the

traditional culture exploitation in the current architecture and the urban

residential architecture, which shows the existing issues as follows:

- The systematic: the relationship between the traditional culture and

the residential architecture is determined in a quite diversified way on

both tangible and intangible aspects, corresponding to function and form

components; however, the values are often separated to be considered

without approach to the traditional culture value system.

- The interdisciplinary: the research on the role and impact of the

traditional culture in the urban residential architecture in Vietnam can be

considered to be an interdisciplinary research that requires manipulating

the definition, theories relating to the culturology, architecture,

psychology, aesthetics, and semiotics.

5. Research method

- Method of history

- Method of structural system

- Method of theory analysis and summary

- Method of modeling

3

CHAPTER I

THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN RESIDENTIAL

ARCHITECTURE IN VIETNAM

1.1 The cultural value in traditional architecture of Vietnam

Traditional Culture is the system of values selected from the past,

always moves and changes, and has potential strength dominating many

human operation areas in the current society. It includes architecture and

other forms of art. Value system of traditional culture is diversified and

relative, and is united in some typical values but it is not duplicated in

some other values, which depends on the research perspective of each

author.

The determination of the cultural value system in the traditional

architecture and the residential architecture of Vietnam is isolated to 2

tendencies that show the duality of the culture as the display values and

the non-display values. While the opinions that give prominence to the

display values as the national character exist, the contrary opinions that

support the non-display values also appear. Due to this inconsistency, the

thesis establishes the basis from the harmony of the 2 opinions above,

which means the display values and the non-display values are both

selected for the research contents.

When many authors investigate the traditional residential

architecture of the Vietnamese in the Northern region, Central region and

Southern region, they conclude the typical values but different opinions

also exist. Thus, this thesis uses methods of collection and inference to

select 10 typical values: harmony with nature, flexibility/versatile,

community, private ownership, profitability, hospitality, Vietnamese

family tradition, worship culture, fengshui, the signifier.

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1.2 Manifestation of the cultural value in the traditional residential

architecture in Vietnam

Each cultural value impacting the traditional rural residential

architecture causes the specific manifestation in both function and form

elements.

On function aspect: the harmony with nature creates the

residential space organically connected to the surrounding natural

environment, scattered layout and uses the sunshade porch; the

flexibility/versatile promotes the development of the open space structure,

general using functions; the private ownership is shown through fence

and gate boundary, regulating private using scope of each family; the

Vietnamese family tradition forms ancestor worship space and family

member reunion space, distributed in a diversified way in accordance

with many activity forms; the community, hospitality are recognized in

the spacious communication space, focused in the middle space of the

main house and outwards; the worship culture establishes many worship

areas in the house (ancestor worship, god worship); the profitability

alternate between production, profession space with residential space; the

fengshui orients the house in accordance with the wind direction, the odd

house rooms, the gate direction deflective to the main house or with

shielding screen.

On form aspect: the house is impacted by the signifier including 3

elements

- The traditional technique: represented by the method of using

natural materials and craft production; dynamic, movable structure

(column frame, buck ban door, wattle…);

- The visual art: uses carved decorations with natural colors,

rhyme, symmetry/balance, harmonic ratio, geometry, horizontal

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combination;

- Method of harmony to the nature: natural ventilation; sunshade

porch and roof reaching beyond the walls; indirect light source, rain

splash prevention; creating shade area on the house; humidity resistance

Analysis of the cultural value conversion in the traditional

urban residential architecture (the first segment – the special phase

shift) shows the enhancement or decentralization of the values’

manifestation.

On function aspect: the harmony with nature changes from active

to passive, adapting by courtyard form and buffer space (porch/loggia);

the flexibility/versatile increases the coordination of the living space; the

profitability changes to trading and production space in front of the

house; the Vietnamese family tradition continues to maintain ancestor

worship and reunion spaces; the community, hospitality narrow the

activity scope; the private ownership is shown in the private owned

boundaries of the house; the worship culture flexibly organizes the

worship space in accordance with the functional areas; the fengshui’s

manifestation is reduced.

On form aspect: continues to maintain the method of using the

natural materials and the mobile structures (traditional technique);

however, the house has multi-storey structure so redundant and

decorative elements are reduced. Most rural house shaping rules are

manipulated (shaping art) with climate adaptation measures but they are

changed to be suitable with the new form.

1.3 Manifestation of the traditional culture value in the current

residential structure in the big cities in Vietnam

On basis of characteristics of the function space and form of the

traditional residential architecture to analyze the manifestation in the

6

current urban house: the traditional culture value continues to change to

satisfy the demand of the new era and maintain the tradition and

indigeneity. This is the second segment – the phase shift on the time and

is also the strong conversion stage of the traditional culture. In the

function element, the urban houses are clearly divided in accordance with

the demand levels from the basic level to maintain the living activity to

the higher development levels, directing to the convenience and the

personal requirements. The expression demand structure is changed with

the process of widening the functional space of the typical forms of

houses as row-houses, apartments and villas. The participation and

intervention of the traditional culture is relevant to this process by 2

tendencies as enhancement or decentralization, depending on the

characteristics of each value. In the form element, due to the strong

impact of the technology and the personal creativity, the method of house

shaping is changed considerably, except the inconsistent factors, and

tends to inherit the aesthetic rules or the method to adapt the climate

conditions;

The summary of the manifestation of the traditional culture value

in the row-houses, apartments and villas shows that the harmony with

nature, the flexibility/versatile, the private ownership, the community

and the Vietnamese family tradition tend to increase the impact on the

function element, and they are converted to satisfy the higher demands

unprecedented in the traditional houses. On the form aspect, the

traditional shaping method is converted in spirit of the creativity and the

advanced construction technology application. As a result, the houses

tend to inherit the aesthetic principles and rules such as: geometry,

harmony, symmetry, rhyme, mobility, climate adaptation.

7

CHAPTER II

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TRADITIONAL

CULTURE VALUE AND THE RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE

IN THE BIG CITIES IN VIETNAM

2.1. The relationship between the traditional culture values in the

urban residential architecture

The system approach in the traditional culture research is

considered to be the dynamic and comprehensive approach, establishes

the relationship between the value elements in accordance with the

hierarchical structure, can be measured by mathematical formula to

build the value scales. In addition, the traditional culture value system is

considered to be an open system, characterized by the continuous

interaction and changes. Among many system approaches, the thesis

chooses the analysis and model building approach. Analysis approach

minimizes the basic elements of the system (including 10 cultural values)

in order to carry out detailed research and investigate its types of

relationships. This approach helps to analyze the structure and the

interaction of the values. Model building is the consolidation of the

values to consider the act of the system as a whole.

Structure of the traditional culture value system is shown through

the order (culture value scale) and the interaction between the values. 2

ways to approach to the value scale of each form of house are qualitative

(interpolate) and quantitative (extrapolate) ways. The interactions are

also divided to 2 contents: endogenous interaction (between the culture

values – endogenous) and exogenous interaction (between the culture

values and function and form of the residential architecture – exogenous).

The summary of the endogenous and exogenous results is the importance

8

basis to detect the ability to maintain the stability or fluctuation of the

traditional culture in process of the house model conversion. The values

kept in the high stability level will be the main selected objects to build

the traditional culture exploitation model.

Considering the endogenous relationships between the traditional

culture values by the qualitative method can establish the value scales in

accordance with the increase and decrease shown in each house model;

comparing these value scales helps to identify the varying trends of each

value; therefrom the general traditional culture value scale for forms of

urban houses is suggested. The quantitative method develops the analysis

of the relationships between the values in accordance with the models,

showing the connection ability through similarities and differences. These

abilities’ summary can build the traditional culture value scale.

Combining 2 value scales in accordance with the qualitative and

qualitative methods results in suggestion of the general traditional

culture value scale in the current residential architecture in the big

cities in Vietnam (argument 1) – [table 2.6].

TABLE 2.6 - [ARGUMENT 2]: the general traditional culture value scale in the current residential architecture in the big cities in Vietnam

(combining the qualitative and quantitative methods)

Order on value

scale The traditional culture value

Priority 1 The flexibility/versatile Group I Stability

Priority 2 The harmony with nature

Priority 3 The private ownership

Group II Fluctuation Priority 4 The Vietnamese family tradition

Priority 5 The community

Priority 6 The signifier

The method of comparing the opinions of the world architecture

theory shows the similarities of the traditional culture values; in which the

9

Neo-vernacular Architecture and the Cultural Symbiosis Theory,

Phenomenology, Place, Semiotics have many close opinions with the

exploitation of the traditional culture in the current urban residential

architecture in Vietnam.

2.2. The relationship between the traditional culture value and the

function space in the urban residential architecture in Vietnam

Considering the exogenous relationship between the traditional

culture value and the urban house function shows that: the interaction

model building helps to select the values and appoints the architecture

components to be exploited. The interaction index summary leads to the

traditional culture value scale in the function element (argument 2). In

addition, it establishes the space area more likely to transfer the

traditional culture.

Table 2.10 - [Suggestion 3]: The Traditional Culture Value Scale On

The Function Aspect In The Current Residential Architecture

Order on value scale The traditional culture value scale on the

function aspect

Stability Priority 1 The harmony with nature

Priority 2 The flexibility/versatile

Fluctuation

Priority 3 The vietnamese family tradition

Priority 4 The community

Priority 5 The private ownership

The nature of human demand is decentralized, is established from

the basic level and increases in accordance with the development status.

This characteristic is described by Maslow in the theory of Demand

Tower and rephrased by many authors in different research areas. The

traditional culture is the object of human demand and is decentralized,

institutionalized in the value scales; thus, the division principle of the

theory above can be used to build the traditional culture scale in

accordance with the human demand (The traditional culture value

10

tower) [figure 2.8]. This value scale is absolutely independent to the

value scale in accordance with endogenous and exogenous interactions,

and is determined on basis of the general theory basis generally

recognized (argument 3).

Figure 2.8: “The traditional culture value tower” in the urban

residential architecture

The function space in the residential architecture is also a

decentralized object that is enhanced and developed with the human

demand and establishes the convenient quality house forms from basic to

high-grade. As a result, the thesis continues to use the theory of Maslow

to divide the structure of the groups of the function space, and express the

important and necessary level in accordance with the development level,

building the model of “Function Tower” in the urban residential

architecture (argument 4) – [Figure 2.7].

Combining 4 arguments above shows that the traditional culture

value, the house function and the human demand have the

decentralization originated from the human; as a result, they have relevant

relationship with each other and possibly establish the same structure

model with order expressed from low to high. This collects adequate

basis to infer that in the urban residential architecture, the following rule

11

development process will occur: any demand will have relevant function

and culture.

2.3. The relationship between the traditional culture value and the

form of the urban residential architecture in Vietnam

The approach to Aesthetics and Architectural Aesthetics shows

that the traditional residential architecture form is the aesthetic object that

expresses the unification between the objective shaping rule and the

subjective implication of the human; thus it possibly contributes to the

current urban residential architecture form in Vietnam 3 roles: to build the

traditional aesthetic rule, to transfer the awareness morphology of the

Vietnamese, to build the traditional aesthetic principle [figure 2.10].

The approach to the Semiotics opinion identifies 3 traditional

aesthetic value conversion mechanisms in the current urban residential

architecture in Vietnam: the original conversion, the partial conversion,

and the corresponding conversion [figure 2.16]. In which, the

corresponding conversion can exploit the advantage of the technology

and creativity, and also inherit the traditional culture value by the

aesthetic principles and rules. This is the selective encryption and

decryption process and the research aim of the thesis.

From the interaction model between the traditional culture value

and the urban residential architecture form element, the necessary objects

are selected to build the exploitation model. These are the elements of the

important group (the typical covering structure, doors, roofs, and

porch/loggia) and 9 traditional aesthetic characteristics (natural

ventilation form, sunshade, shade creation, natural materials, the

symmetry/balance, harmonic ratio, geometry, mobility, rhyme).

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CHAPTER III

THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE MODEL IN THE

RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE BIG CITIES IN

VIETNAM

3.1 The traditional culture value exploitation in the function

element

Theory of Maslow is manipulated to divide the function structure

in accordance with 3 levels (basic – extension – development), expressing

the increasing process of the human demand satisfaction ability in the

residential space [figure 3.2].

Figure 3.2 : “Function Tower” model in accordance with 3 demand levels

Along with that process, the traditional culture value is also

divided to 3 corresponding groups to participate and show the identical

development rule between the culture and the function (the culture

corresponding to the function). With the summation, the reference and

argument of the relationship between the culture value scales in

accordance with the endogenous and exogenous interactions and the

demands, the general model of the traditional culture value in the

function element (theoretical model)–[f3.3] can be built. Coordinating

this model with the Function Tower Model (restructured in accordance

with 3 demand levels) results in the applicable model of the traditional

culture in the urban residential function [f 3.5]. Through the applicable

13

model, the residential space structure will select the culture groups to

participate and develop (the culture conversion function). Thus, the

traditional culture exploitation in the function element is the process of

selecting the values corresponding to the residential space demand

levels.

Each traditional culture value has the conversion in accordance

with 3 different space demand levels. In the basic demand level, the

residential space has 2 main function groups as passive rest and work,

and only 2 culture values participate as the harmony to the nature and the

flexibility/versatile (pre-level). These values are universal and show the

house organization method to be suitable with small area condition (all

general using functions), directing to the balance with the natural

environment passively. Proceeding to the extension demand level, the

house function is structured by 4 official function groups as passive rest,

work, education and external communication; along with the personal

living space shaping. In this condition, 5 traditional culture values

capable of participating and dominating are the harmony with nature, the

flexibility/versatile (pre-level), the community, the Vietnamese family

tradition, the private ownership. Reaching the development demand level,

the houses include 5 function groups, establishing the official existence of

the active rest space with high-grade living convenience, lengthening

from the general using space to private using space. This demand level

has the impact of 5 traditional culture values as the harmony with nature,

the flexibility/versatile (advanced), the community, the Vietnamese family

tradition, the private ownership. The analysis of the intervention of the

culture to the residential space shows that: the higher the function

development level is, the wider the scope of traditional culture value is

exploited. In which, The harmony with nature, the flexibility/versatile

14

reach the highest interaction level in the conversion process; the private

ownership tends to increase with the formation of the personal spaces; the

community expands the participation in the internal living space, and the

Vietnamese family tradition develops the operation area in accordance

with the function group, associated to the physical and mental developing

activities.

3.2 Exploitation of the traditional culture value in the form

element

The traditional aesthetic value exploitation model in the urban

residential architecture form is built on basis of the interaction between 9

aesthetic values (determined in Chapter II) with the shaping components

of the house. Through assessment and comparison of the interaction

index, 2 object groups that are selected can provide high exploitation

efficiency. They are: the culture object – the typical culture group (the

geometry, the symmetry, the rhyme and the harmonic ratio) and the

shaping object – the important structure group (roof, covering structure,

door, and porch/loggia). Besides, this is also considered to be the ideal

exploitation model [figure 3.14] because it fully determines the

intervention ability of the traditional aesthetic value in each constitutive

element; therefrom, it can be the basis to expertise the actual built works

on the traditional culture exploitation level. The selected aesthetic value is

the objective shaping rules related to establishing the subjective aesthetic

principles and results in the traditional culture value, showing the idea

and spirit content of the Vietnamese. The summation of the interaction

indexes of these values creates the order of the traditional aesthetic

principle in the urban residential architecture [figure 3.18]. As a result,

the combination between 3 elements (the aesthetic value, the aesthetic

principle, the traditional culture value) creates decentralized theory frame

15

to orient the exploitation; shows the similarity to the decentralization of

the traditional culture value scale and the demand theory.

Figure 3.18: The traditional aesthetic value conversion and identification

process in the urban residential architecture form in Vietnam

On basis of each model, many exploitation levels can be divided,

represented by the decentralization indexes (gained through the

interaction index assessment). The thesis chooses 2-level division method

to analyze and establish 2 exploitation groups as the limited group and

the typical group – the main exploited object. The analysis of the

combination between the shaping elements in the typical group leads to 7

exploitation statuses [f.3.19] and is also the aim of the traditional culture

exploitation model application in the urban residential architecture form.

3.3 The conversion tendency of the traditional culture value in the

residential architecture in the big cities in Vietnam

In the next phases, the traditional culture value will continue to

change as an indispensable rule of the development process. The dynamic

16

conversion of the age elements continuously impacts the traditional

culture value system and makes it change to establish the new traditional

culture systems. The analysis contents of this thesis show the relationship

between the traditional culture value and the urban residential architecture

in Vietnam characterized by the decentralization, which impacts both

function and form. In each aspect, the traditional culture shows the

intervention level through the decentralization order of the value scales.

Thus, from the interaction with the new age elements, the conversion

tendency of the traditional culture value is also the conversion tendency

of the value scales.

With the function, the development of the residential space

structure is the condition for the culture to participate and develop in

accordance with the nature of the demand. The Maslow’s opinion and the

opinion of the world architecture development show that: The harmony

with nature, the flexibility/versatile, the private ownership will continue

to be strongly developed; the community, the Vietnamese family tradition

will be customized in accordance with living style of each object [figure

3.20]. In general, the traditional culture value scale tends to be divided to

2 value scales: the basic demand and extension demand manipulate the

basic traditional culture value scale; the development demand

manipulates the advanced traditional culture value scale.

In the form element, due to the intervention of the technology and

the creativity, the traditional aesthetic principle order tends to change

also. It is the increase of the principles of the harmonic fineness with

nature, the diversified fineness and the decrease of the element fineness.

However, these 3 principles lead the aesthetic principle system and are

similar to the common opinion in the world. The reversal of the aesthetic

principles changes the traditional culture value order and creates the new

17

traditional value scale in the residential architecture in the big cities in

Vietnam [figure 3.21].

3.4 The discussion on the characteristics of the traditional culture

exploitation in the residential architecture in the big cities in

Vietnam

The traditional culture exploitation in accordance with the

value system: the approach to the value system enables general

assessment on the potential and participation tendency of the traditional

culture in the residential architecture in the big cities in Vietnam.

The traditional culture exploitation with the law: on the

function aspect, it is the similar development law; on the form aspect, it is

the order law of the traditional aesthetic principle.

The quantifiable traditional culture exploitation: developed in

accordance with the interaction index between the traditional culture

values and between the traditional culture values and the (function and

form) components of the residential architecture.

The traditional culture exploitation with the active and

passive attributes: passive selection of the culture groups to be

corresponding to the function; passive manipulation of the traditional

aesthetic laws and principles after determining the roles of the modern

materials and techniques, the personal creativity. The active selection of

the typical value and the value scale is applied to enhance the ethnicity on

the function and form aspects

The traditional culture exploitation on basis of referring the

residential architecture development opinion in the world: avoiding the

variation due to the subjective prejudice – the reason leading to the

backwardness of the residential architecture in Vietnam compared with

the world - in the exploitation process.

18

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The current traditional culture value in the residential

architecture in the big cities in Vietnam is converted to 2 phases: from

rural to traditional urban phase, and from traditional urban to modern

urban phase. In these conversion phases, the cultural value shows the

conversion of the intervention level on the components of the residential

architecture in increasing or decreasing tendency. This shows the

development inheritance or culture rejection in accordance with the

conversion of the house models through the centuries. The access to the

definitions shows that the traditional culture is the 2-grade structure

system (display and non-display) that continuously interact each other

and other external systems during the conversion process to be suitable

with the new existing condition. This can explain the rejection

mechanism stated above and also is the theoretical base for the

identification of the traditional culture impact in the urban architecture in

Vietnam – the research object of the thesis.

2. The important characteristic of the traditional culture system

is the decentralization, displayed by the value scales. The order of these

value scales is established through the endogenous relationship (between

the traditional culture values) and exogenous relationship (between the

traditional culture values and the architecture components). The first

value scale is formed from the rural house; however, when it is converted

to the traditional urban house, the change of the original house conditions

fluctuates the culture value scale for the first time; therefrom we

recognize the weakening of some values and the “durability” of some

other values. In the next conversion phase - the traditional urban to the

modern urban phase, the conditions impacting the residential architecture

19

strongly increase and change the traditional culture value scale for the

second time. The house types are developed fast and break the simple and

pure characteristics of the traditional house to form the new living spaces

and new aesthetic form. This phase marks many rejections of the old

traditional values, especially on the shaping aspect. However, the

traditional culture still has great impact on the Vietnamese communities

in the cities, so it is still maintained. The analysis of the manifestation of

the townhouse, villa and apartment form shows 6 values collected to be

the traditional culture value scale/system including: the harmony with

nature, the flexibility/versatile, the private ownership, the community, the

Vietnamese family tradition, the signifier. These are the values selected in

the conversion process and suitable with the current development

condition.

The aim to inherit and develop the traditional values in the urban

residential architecture in Vietnam requires these values above to be

continuously exploited. The thesis develops this aim in accordance with 4

approach bases (system theory, demand theory, semiotics, aesthetics and

architectural aesthetics), and is combined with reference of the

architecture development opinion in the world of 11 theories and 13

authors who won the Pritzker awards in recent years.

3. On the function aspect, the approach to the system theory

enables to establish the relationship between the values by endogenous

and exogenous interactions. In which, the endogenous interaction

(between the culture values) results in the results recommending the

traditional culture value scale in accordance with the qualitative and

quantitative analysis. The exogenous interaction develops the

components of the residential space and the culture value, resulting in the

culture value scale on the function aspect. These two value scale is the

20

dialectical result of the relationships so they contain the subjective

characteristic of the research. Thus, the thesis applies the demand

decentralization theory of Maslow to compare the order of the values in

accordance with the importance and necessity, gradually changing from

the basic to development level, building the traditional culture value

scale in accordance with the human demand – “The traditional culture

value tower”. The use of the summation of 3 value scales above results in

the summary model of the traditional culture value in the function

element (theory model). Besides, the culture and function are originated

from the human demand, so the space structure is divided to 3 levels,

forming the “Function Tower” model. The coordination of 2 models

above creates the application model, expressing the traditional culture

exploitation process, depending on the residential space development

characteristic (culture corresponding to function).

4. The comparison of the correlation between the function and

the culture shows that the impact of the culture value increases and

enhances in accordance with the space demand levels. In the basic

demand level, the residential space has 2 main function groups that are

the passive rest and work, so only 2 culture values as the harmony with

nature and the flexibility/versatile (pre-level). Proceeding to the

extension demand level, the house function is structured by 4 official

function groups as the passive rest, work, education, external

communication; along with the formation of the individual living space.

In this condition, 5 traditional culture values capable of participation and

domination is the harmony with nature, the flexibility/versatile (pre-

level), the community, the Vietnamese family tradition, the private

ownership. Reaching the development demand level, the house has 5

function groups, establishing the official existence of the private using

21

space. In this demand level, the impacts of 5 traditional culture values are

the harmony with nature, the flexibility/versatile (advanced), the

community, the Vietnamese family tradition and the private ownership.

The analysis of the intervention of the culture and the residential space

shows that: the higher the function development level is, the wider the

exploitation scope of the traditional culture value is.

5. The reference to the opinion of the architecture and the

residential architecture in the world shows that the traditional culture

values are divided to 2 groups including: the general tendency group (the

harmony with nature, the flexibility/versatile, the private ownership) and

the native tendency group - the characteristics of the Vietnamese culture

(the community, the Vietnamese family tradition). By this division

method, the general tendency group is inferred to be developed in the

future; the native tendency group is the condition to exploit and identify

the tradition, enhances the intervention of these characteristics, which

means to inherit and develop the traditional culture in the residential

space in the big cities in Vietnam.

With the two development tendencies above, the basic and

extension demand levels can apply the basic traditional culture value

scale; the development demand level applies the advanced traditional

culture value scale. Thus in the next development phases, the traditional

culture value scale in the residential function tends to be divided to 2

different value scales, showing the conversion of the traditional culture to

be suitable with the new existence condition.

6. On the form aspect, the approach to the system theory to

build the interaction model between the traditional aesthetic value and the

structure components (roof, covering structure, door, column frame,

floor) leads to the selection of 9 typical aesthetic values as the geometry,

22

the symmetry, the rhyme, the harmonic ratio, the mobility, the natural

material, the sunshade method, ventilation, shade creation. Besides, the

approach to the aesthetics and architecture aesthetics shows that the

traditional culture can contribute to the urban residential architecture 3

roles: to build the traditional aesthetic, to transmit the awareness

morphology of the Vietnamese, to build the traditional aesthetic principle.

A correlation relationship exists between the aesthetic law - the aesthetic

principle - the awareness morphology; forming the decentralization order

of the aesthetic principle, corresponding to the decentralization order of

the traditional culture value. Thus, the inheritance of the traditional

culture in the form of the urban residential architecture is the conversion

of the aesthetic rules and aesthetic principles (leading to the traditional

culture) and the decentralization order system of these elements. This is

the conversion method suitable with the current development condition;

developing the role of the technology - creativity and avoiding the

replication situation of the old form of house.

The approach to the semiotics shows that the traditional aesthetic

value can be converted in the form of the urban residential architecture in

accordance with 3 mechanism: original conversion, partial conversion,

corresponding conversion (conversion of the aesthetic laws and

principles). In which, the corresponding conversion is proved to be

possibly exploited, maintaining the traditional characteristic with

"incognito" dominance and developing the advance of the technology and

the creativity in the indication aspect.

7. The traditional culture value exploitation model in the urban

architecture form is built on the interaction between the selected aesthetic

value and the shaping elements; therefrom establishes 7 exploitation

statuses, showing the necessary coordination ability between the structure

23

elements to direct to the highest exploitation index. Corresponding to

each status, the manipulation of the traditional aesthetic principle and law

will lead to different exploitation results, gradually changing from the

average exploitation level (enough to identify the tradition, 55%) to the

highest level (ideal level, 100%).

8. The comparison of the architecture and the residential

architecture development opinion in the world shows that the residential

architecture tends to create the forms to adapt the climate conditions,

combined with the natural materials (harmonic fineness with nature);

enhances the flexibility of the structure element (diversified fineness);

highly evaluates the ratio and geometry law (element fineness). These are

the general principles that are similar to the traditional aesthetic principle

and continue to be developed. Besides, the analysis of the relationship

between the traditional aesthetic value and the intervention elements to

the current house shaping (technology, creativity, nature, culture –

society, economics) shows the possibility of appearing the new traditional

aesthetic principle order, showing the conversion rule of the traditional

culture to satisfy the requirements of the age. Thus, the exploitation of the

traditional culture in the urban architecture will include the maintenance

of the old traditional aesthetic principle order and development of the

new tradition. Both of these two method can identify the ethnicity and the

identity; showing the flexibility of the exploitation process to match the

general tendency in the world.

9. On the summary of the research contents, the thesis

recommend the inheritance and exploitation of the traditional culture

value in the residential architecture in the current big cities in Vietnam as

follows:

On the function element: the exploitation process needs to

24

determine the demand of the object to build the residential space

architecture suitably, creating the balance between “the residential

convenience” and “the cultural convenience”. This means, the traditional

culture value groups to be transferred will corresponding to each

determined demand level. With basic demand level, the space structure is

unconditional to exploit the traditional culture value to create the

characteristics. In the extension demand level, the residential house needs

to build 4 function space groups (passive rest, work, education,

communication); exploits the basic traditional culture value scale or the

value scale in the application model. For the development demand level,

the house needs to establish 5 function space groups (passive rest, work,

education, communication, active rest), exploits the advanced traditional

culture value scale or value scale in the application model.

On form element: continuing to develop the positive role

of the technology and the creativity in forming the residential architecture

form. Depending on the balance between the 2 elements above and

demand to transfer the traditional aesthetic value, one of 7 exploitation

statuses can be selected. Besides, that process needs to be combined with

the selection of the old or new traditional aesthetic principles. The new

traditional aesthetics is similar to the general tendency in the world so it

can create the modern work and also shows the ethnicity and the

indigeneity. The expertise of built residential works on the tradition

exploitation level can use the models introduced in the thesis contents.

This model application helps to determine the exploitation quantitatively

instead of sensible identification. Besides, the construction method of the

traditional culture value exploitation model can be applied similarly to

enhance other exploitation works beside the house.

WORK LIST OF THE AUTHOR

1. Nguyen Song Hoan Nguyen (2009), Traditional Culture in

Townhouse Architecture in Vietnam. Construction Magazine No.

40/2009;

2. Tran Van Khai, Nguyen Song Hoan Nguyen (2009), Proposal of

Some Urban and Suburban Residential Architecture in

Developing Economic Condition, Conference “Quy Nhon City

Development Planning to 2030 and Vision to 2050”;

3. Nguyen Song Hoan Nguyen (2015), “Performance Tower”

Model in Residential Architecture, Construction Magazine No.

11/2015;

4. Nguyen Song Hoan Nguyen (2016), Traditional Aesthetic

Value in Current Urban Residential Architecture in Vietnam,

Construction Magazine No. 04/2016;

5. Nguyen Song Hoan Nguyen (2016), Rural Architecture in

Wetlands in Mekong Delta (adjacent to Cambodia Boundary),

Special Subject of Ministry-level research topic: “Research on

Architecture Development Orientation of Mekong Delta”,

Faculty of Architecture, Ho Chi Minh City University of

Architecture;

SELF- ACTUALIZING NEEDS

ESTEEM NEEDS

SOCIAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGYCAL NEEDS

ACTIVE REST FUNCTION

(PHYSICAL, MENTAL & AESTHETIC DEVELOPMENT)

EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION

FUNCTION

EDUCATION FUNCTION

WORKING FUNCTION

PASSIVE REST

FUNCTION

Sleeping space

Kitchen

Dinning (internal)

Individual living space (relaxing)

Atrium/green space (small area)

Loggia

WC

Trading space

Service space

Craft space

Office

Family library

Ancestor and god worship space

General living space

Study & research space

Family memory space

Living space

Main dining space

Porch/lobby

Gate

Garden

Public corridor

Meditation, Yoga space

Specialized entertainment space (billar, bing bong...)

Children playing space

Sauna + massage

Art composing space

Gymnastic space

Swimming pool

Atrium (large area)

Garden, mini sence, rockeries

Audio visual entertainment

AD

VA

NC

ED

D

EM

AN

DB

AS

IC

D

EM

AN

D

5

4

3

2

1

20 10 5 6

4

4

2

EXTENSION OF

THE FUNCTION SPACE

ENHANCEMENT OF THE QUALITY

OF THE RESIDENTIAL

CONVENIENCE

"PEER-TO-PEER"

MULTI-FUNCTION

CONTACT

3.SPECIALIZED1.UNIVERSAL

2.LIMIT4.ECOLOGICAL

"MULTI-LEVEL"

MULTI-FUNCTION

CONTACT

3

7

SINGLE FUNCTION SPACE

"FUNCTION TOWER MODEL" IN THE URBAN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE

F2.7

MODEL

2

2

2

NOTE:

BASE SPACE TO DEVELOP THE

CONTACT TO "PEER-TO-PEER"

MULTI FUNCTION

FLEXIBILITY/

VERSATILE

COMMUNITY

VIETNAMESE

FAMILY

TRADITION

HOSPITALITY

PRIVATE

OWNERSHIP

FENGSHUI

WORSHIP

CULTURE

SIGNIFIER

HARMONY

WITH NATURE

PROFITABILITY

INTERACTIONS

PROFITABILITY

VALUE

SPACE

VALUE

SOCIAL VALUE

SPIRIT &

AESTHETIC

VALUE

3

7

5

9

7

6

9

6

4

4

ACTIVE

INTERACTION

HARMONY WITH NATURE

FLEXIBILITY/VERSATILE

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

HOSPITALITY

VIETNAMESE FAMILY TRADITION

SIGNIFIER

FENGSHUI

03

02

01

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

THE TRADITIONAL

CULTURE VALUE SCALE

N.O

TOTAL

INTERACTION

09 0 09

04 03 07

06 01 09

0 06 06

03 03 06

0 04 05

0202 04

9

7

7

4

4

6

6

PROFITABILITY0 03033

WORSHIP CULTURE

HIG

H

IN

TE

RA

CT

IO

N

NOTE

RESULT TABLE

+3+3

+2

-7

-8

-7

+3

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

NATURE VALUE

Row house (Trading)

Row house (Residence)

Villa

Apartment

NOTE

o

oo

o

o

VARIATIONS OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUES

COMMUNITY

03 03 076 01

02

01

0 04044

+1

-1

-1

+1

+2

+1

+2

+4

+6

+6

+5

+1

-6

-3

-3

-3

Increase

Decline

Mainternance

F2.3

INTERACTION AMONG TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUES IN

URBAN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN VIETNAM TODAY

PASIVE

INTERACTION

EXCLUSION

INTERACTION

AV

ER

AG

E

IN

TE

RA

CT

IO

N

LO

W

IN

TE

RA

CT

IO

N

Active

interaction

Pasive

interaction

Exclusion

interaction

THE ROLES OF THE TRADITIONAL VALUE IN THE URBAN RESIDENTIAL


AESTHETIC TENDENCIES

COMBINEDSUBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE

SUBJECT

(HUMAN)

OBJECT

(THINGS/ARCHITECTURE)

ART BEAUTY

(Showing idea)

FORM BEAUTY

(Aesthetic law)

COMBINATION BETWEEN

SUBJECT & OBJECT

ART & FORM BEAUTY

AESTHETIC

OPINION

AESTHETIC

MECHANISM

IMMANUEL KANT

(1724 - 1804)

HEGEL (1770 - 1831)

THEODOR LIPPS

(1851 - 1914)

SAMUEL ALEXANDER

(1859 - 1938)

KISHO KUROKAWA

(1934 - 2007)

AESTHETIC

FELLING

AWARENESS

EXPERIENCE

EMOTIONAL STATE

ATTITUDE, OPINION

ANALYSIS THOUGHT

IMAGINATION

AESTHETIC SENCE

CHARACTERISTIC, FORM

RATIO

HARMONY

UNIFICATION

NUMERICAL LAW

BALANCE, SYMMATRY

SPIRIT BEATYPHYSICAL BEAUTY

SPIRIT & PHYSICAL

BEAUTY

TYPICAL

SCHOLARS

PLATO (427 - 347 TCN)

BACON (1561 - 1626)

DESCARTES (1596 - 1650)

SUSANNE LANGER

(1895 - 1985)

ROGER SCRUTON (1944)

CHALES JENCKS (1939)

ROBERT VENTURI (1925)

OSCAR WLIDE (1854 - 1900)

LE CORBUSIER

(1887 - 1965)

LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE

(1886 - 1969)

ARCHITECTURE

THEORY

THE UNIFICATION BETWEEN

AESTHETIC SUBJECT

(HUMAN - AESTHETIC

FEELING) & AESTHETIC

OBJECT (THINGS,

ARCHITECTURE -

AESTHETIC SENCE)

TRADITIONAL

CULTURE VALUE

MODERNISM

ITALIAN FUTURISM

GERMAN EXPRESIONISM

AMERICAN FUNCTIONISM

RUSSIAN STRUCTURISM

DUTCH STLYE

HIGH - TECH

1. SHAPING AESTHETIC

(geometry, symmetry,

harmonic ratio, rhyme)

2. TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE

(natural material, mobile

structure)

3. METHOD OF HARMONY

WITH NATURE

(sunshade, ventilation, shade

creation forms)

POST - MODERN

ARCHITECTURE

METABOLISM

ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE

NEO - VERNACULAR

ARCHITECTURE

ECOLOGICAL ARCHITECTURE

CULTURAL SYMBIOSIS

SENSE OF PLACE

PHENOMENLOGY OF

ARCHITECTURE

SEMIOLOGY OF ARCHITECTURE

1. BEAUTY - HARMONIC

BEAUTY WITH NATURE

2. BEAUTY- DIVERSIFED

BEAUTY (mobile, change)

3. BEAUTY - OVERALL

BEAUTY (unification of

components)

4. BEAUTY - ELEMENT

BEAUTY (line, covering

line, grid surface, shade,

structure detail...)

5. BEAUTY - ODERLY

BEAUTY

AESTHETIC PRINCIPLE OF

TRADITIONAL RESIDENTIAL


ROLES OF

TRADITONAL CULTURE

IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL

ARCHITECTURE FORM

IN VIETNAM

1. HARMONY WITH NATURE

2. FLEXIBILITY/MULTI-FUNCTION

3. COMMUNITY

4. PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

5. VIETNAMESE FAMILY

TRADITION

ORIGINAL CONVERSION

CORRESPONDING CONVERSION

AESTHETIC DESCRIPTION

ABSTRACT JUDGMENT

F2.10

AESTHETIC SUGESTION PARTIAL CONVERSION

FORM OF TRADITIONAL RESIDENTIAL


METHOD OF HARMONY

WITH NATURE

TRADITIONAL

TECHNIQUE

SHAPING

AESTHETIC

NA

TU

RA

L

MA

TE

RIA

LS

CR

AF

T

PR

OD

UC

TIO

N

MO

BIL

IT

Y

TY

PIC

AL

PR

OD

UC

TS

GE

OM

ET

RY

RH

YM

E

SY

MM

ET

RY

HA

RM

ON

IC

R

AT

IO

NA

TU

RA

L

VE

NT

IL

AT

IO

N

SU

NS

HA

DE

NA

TU

RA

L L

IG

HT

(IN

DIR

EC

T)

RA

IN

S

PL

AS

H

RE

SIS

TA

NC

E

SH

AD

E C

RE

AT

IO

N

HU

MID

IT

Y

RE

SIS

TA

NC

E

1 2 3

1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6

MATERIAL STRUCTURE

ROOF

1

DOOR

2

COVERING

STRUCTURE

3

PORCH,

LOGGIA

4

FRAME/

COLUMN

5

FLOOR

6

B. SIGNIFIED

TR

AD

IT

IO

NA

L V

AL

UE

TR

AN

FE

R

EX

PL

AN

AT

IO

N/

ID

EN

TIF

IC

AT

IO

N

HIGH SLOPE (30 - 33°)

WID

E

F

RO

NT

/

AR

OU

ND

H

OU

SE

2 R

OO

FS

O

R 4

R

OO

FS

AIR

Y

WID

E, A

IR

Y

(T

HU

ON

G S

ON

G H

A B

AN

)

MO

BIL

E

(R

EM

OV

E, IN

ST

AL

L, S

LID

E)

MO

BIL

E

SC

UL

P

HE

IG

HT

(4

0 - 6

0 C

M)

TANGIBLE ELEMENTS

ADAPTATION TO TROPICAL,

HUMID CONDITION

FORM LAWS

ADAPTATION TO

ECONOMIC- SOCIAL

CONDITION

SOCIAL

CULTURE

NATURE

ECONO

MICS

1 23

FLUCTUATION

(Development)

STABILITY

ORIGINAL CONVERSION

(PASSIVE - COPIED)

PARTIAL CONVERSION

(SEMI-PASSIVE)

CORRESPONDING

CONVERSION

(ACTIVE - CREATIVE)

CONVERSION

MECHANISM

A. SIGNIFIER

PA

TT

ER

N

DE

CO

RA

TIO

N

1 6

LO

W

(C

OM

PA

RE

D W

IT

H

HE

IG

HT

O

F R

OO

F)

TECHNO

LOGY

4

I

II

III

QUÁ TRÌNH CHUYỂN ĐỔI GIÁ TRỊ VHTT TRONG

HÌNH THỨC KIẾN TRÚC NHÀ Ở ĐÔ THỊ VIỆT NAM

III II I

TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE CONVERSION MECHANISM IN

URBAN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE FORM IN VIETNAM

NA

TU

RA

L M

AT

ER

IA

L

(R

US

TIC

)

C. REFERENT

CREATI

VITY

5

NOTE

HIGH

interaction

F2.16

HO

RIZ

ON

TA

L

DE

VE

LO

PM

EN

T

INTANGIBLE ELEMENTS

FLUCTUATION

(Development)

LOW

interaction

TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN ACCORDANCE

WITH DEMAND THEORY - [SECTION 2.3.2]

GENERAL MODEL

OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON FUNCTION ASPECT

EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION

FUNCTION TOWER MODEL

IN RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE - [SECTION 2.2.2]

DEVELOPMENT

DEMAND

EXTENSION

DEMAND

BASIC

DEMAND

F3.3

FUNCTION SPACE HIGHLY INTERACTING WITH TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE [SECTION 2.2.4]

4

GENERAL MODEL OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON FUNCTION ASPECT (THEORY MODEL)

ACTIVE

REST

5

BASE

MODEL

EDUCATION

3

WORK2

PASSIVE REST

1

DEMAND LEVELS

5

4

3

1

LESS

IMPORTANCE

STABIL

ITY

FLUCTUATION

BASIC

ADVANCE

POTENTIAL


HARMONY WITH NATURE


COMMUNITY

PRIVATE

OWNERSHIP

COMMUNITY

VIETNAMESE

FAMILY TRADITION

PRIVATE

OWNERSHIP

HARMONY WITH NATURE

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

COMMUNITY

VIETNAMESE

FAMILY TRADITION

HARMONY WITH NATURE

IMPORTANCE

TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN ACCORDANCE WITH

QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE - [SECTION 2.1.3.2]

TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN ACCORDANCE WITH

INTERACTION WITH FUNCTION - [SECTION 2.2.4]


Gymnastic space, Swimming pool

Atrium (large area)


Garden

Porch/lobby

Main dining space

Living space

Study & research space, library

Family memory space

Ancestor and god worship space



Loggia

Individual living space (relaxing)

Sleeping space

Dinning (internal)

COMMUNITY


HARMONY WITH NATURE

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

FLEXIBILITY/VERSATILE (PRE-LEVEL)

FLEXIBILITY/

VERSATILE

(ADVANCE)



F3.5

SP

EC

IA

LIZ

ED

UN

IV

ER

SA

L

LIM

IT

EC

OL

OG

YC

AL

"M

UL

TI-L

EV

EL

"

MU

LT

I-F

UN

CT

IO

N

CO

NT

AC

T

"PEER-TO-PEER"

MULTI-FUNCTION

CONTACT

OPEN SPACE - GENERAL USE

(1 space - multi function-

interleaving - many users)

SPACE CHARACTERISTIC

FUNCTION SPACE HIGHLY INTERACTING

WITH TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE

[SECTION 2.2.4]

GENERAL SPACE (OPEN) - MULTI-FUNCTION & PRIVATE

SPACE (CLOSE) - MULTI-FUNCTION

(Multi-function house - 5 function groups, general use) -

(Multi-function room, private use)

CLOSE SPACE - PRIVATE USE

(Single function or Multi-function - Individual use)

OPEN SPACE - INTERNAL

ORIENTATION

(Direct to internal users )

COMPINATION SPACE

Main using space

+ Buffer space

(porch/lobby)

+ Green space/

ventilation hole

+ Position according to

wind direction,

sunlight advoiding

PA

SS

IV

E R

ES

T

EX

TE

RN

AL

CO

MM

UN

IC

AT

IO

N

AC

TIV

E R

ES

T

ED

UC

AT

IO

N

3

2

1

1 2 3

DEVELOPMENT DEMANDEXTENSION DEMANDBASIC DEMAND

NOTE

Swimming pool

Gymnastic (light sport)


Atrium/green space (large area)


Garden

Porch/lobby

Main dining space

Living space

Study & research space

Family memory space

Ancestor worship space



Loggia

Individual living space

Sleeping space

Dinning (internal)

WC

COMMUNITY


HARMONY WITH NATURE

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

FLEXIBILITY/VERSATILE (PRE-LEVEL)

FLEXIBILITY/

VERSATILE

(ADVANCED)

GENERAL MODEL

OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON FUNCTION ASPECT

APPLICATION MODEL OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON FUNCTION ASPECT

OPEN SPACE - EXTERNAL

ORIENTATION

(Direct to external users )

F3.12

5

Porch

Garden

3

1

Atrium

2

±

1

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION CHART

ATRIUM/LOGGIA

VỆ SINH

KG TIẾP KHÁCH

KG ĂN CHÍNH

HIÊN NHÀ

SÂN VƯỜN

±

±

±

±1

2

5

±

±

±

±

±

3

2

Work

4

1

±±± ±

±±± ±

Loggia

±

± ±

±

±

±

±

±

±

Loggia

±

NOTE:

±

PERMANENT

CONTAC

ADDITIONAL

CONTACT

2 3 4 5

±

±± ±±

-

EXPLOITATION CHARACERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON FUNCTION ASPECT

DE

VE

LO

PM

EN

T D

EM

AN

DE

XT

EN

SIO

N D

EM

AN

DB

AS

IC

D

EM

AN

D

EXTERNAL

COMMUNICATION

ACTIVE RESTEDUCATIONWORKPASSIVE REST

External

Communica

tion

Active restEducation

Passive

rest

Loggia

Loggia Loggia

Atrium

Swimming

pool

Garden

Active rest

Education

Passive

rest

4

External

Communica

tion

Work

Porch

Garden

Loggia

Loggia

Loggia

Passive

rest

Work

External

Communica

tion

Active rest

Education

Atrium

Loggia

COMMUNITY

VIETNAMESE

FAMILY

TRADITION

HARMONY

WITH NATURE

PRIVATE

OWNERSHIP

FLEXIBILITY/

VERSATILE

(PRE-LEVEL)

FLEXIBILITY/

VERSATILE

(ADVANCED)

SLEEPING SPACE

INDIVIDUAL LIVING

SPACE

KITCHEN & DINNING TRADING & SERVICE SPACE

OFFICE & INDIVIDUAL WORKING

SPACE

GENERAL LIVING

SPACE

WORSHIP SPACE

FAMILY MEMORY

SPACE

STUDY & RESEARCH

SPACE

SAUNA + MASSAGE

SWIMMING

POOL

GARDEN, MINI SENCE,

ROCKERIES

ART COMPOSING

SPACE

AUDIO VISUAL

ENTERTAINMENT

GYMNASTIC

SPACE

CHILDREN

PLAYING

SPACE

GENERAL

MODEL

OF

TRADITIONAL

CULTURE

VALUE

39

36

33

13

9

6

9

F3.14

EXPLOITATION MODEL OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN

RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE FORM IN BIG CITIES IN VIETNAM

TRADITIONAL AESTHETIC VALUE

Vertical, horizontal line

Human ratio

Vertical percentile

Absolute symmetry

Identical structure

Tile

Wood

Rock, terracotta brick

Roof outreaching the wall

Cornice, baffle plate

Shade under roof

Shade under cornice

Behind door, covering

structure

Roof ventilation hole

Alternative solid & hollow

structure

Grid surface

Diagonal line

12 912 11 12 12 11

Flat surface

Tilted surface

19

15

Mobile structure (space

extension, sunshade,

ventilation)

12 12 9 67

16 15 15

15

METHOD TO CALCULATE

COMBINATION INDEX

15

27 24 21 16 13

27

27

39

21 19 15

24

22

21

18

18

19 28

40

33

6

13

22

34

46

48

55

61

EXPLOITATION INDEX OF EACH

HOUSE TYPE

AVERAGE INDEX

a+b b+c c+d d+e e+f

a+c b+d c+e d+f

a+d

a+e

a+f

c+f

b+f

b+eII

III

I

f

a b cd

ef

a

a+b

a+b+c

a+b+c+d

a+b+c+d+e

a+b+c+d+e+f

e+f

d+e+f

c+d+e+f

b+c+d+e+f

= b+c+dI = c+d+eII = b+c+d+eIII

COMBINA

TION

INDEX

25%

40% 33% 22%

45%

65%

33% 23%

38%

37%

35%

30%32%

65%

53%

10%

55%

75%

78%

90%

100%

EXPLOITATION LEVEL

LEVEL 1: (10 - 40)% - [24 INTERACTIONS]



NOTE

RATIO

EXCHANGE

%

VILLAROW-HOUSE APARTMENT

45%

25%

45%

35%

30%

32%

45%

22%

IDEAL INDEX

EXPLOITATION

INDEX

TY

PIC

AL

UN

IV

ER

SA

L

SINGLE

INDEX

7 7 6 5679 8

LIMIT INDEX

ROOF/

CORNICE

TYPICAL

COVERING

STRUCT

URE

WINDOW/

DOOR

PORCH/

LOGGIA

FLOOR

COLUMN

FRAME

GEOMETRY

HARMONIC RATIO

SYMMETRY

NATURAL

MATERIAL

SHADE

CREATION

SUNSHADE

RHYME

MOBILITY

NATURAL

VENTILATION

Balanced symmetry

Repeated structure

STRUCTURE COMPONENT OF RESIDENTIAL ARCHIRECTURE FORM IN VIETNAM URBAN

15 12 12 9 7 6

IMPORTANCELESS IMPORTANCE

3455%

3964%

40

66%

46

75%

4879%

55

90%

61

100%

F3.19

EXPLOITATION CHARACERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE IN RESIDENTIAL

ARCHITECTURE FORM IN BIG CITIES IN VIETNAM

BASIC EXPLOITATION

COMPONENT GROUP

3355%

+

+

+

+

+

IDEAL INDEX

WINDOW/

DOOR

TYPICAL

COVERING

STRUCTURE

COLUMN

FRAME

PORCH/

LOGGIA

FLOOR

ROOF/

CORNICE

HARMONIC

RATIO

GEOMETRY

SYMMETRY

NATURAL

MATERIAL

SHADE

CREATION

SUNSHADE

RHYME

MOBILITY

TRADITIONAL

SHAPING LAW

LIMIT INDEX

DECENTRALIZATION

INDEX

10%

EL

EM

EN

T

BE

AU

TY

HA

RM

ON

IC

BE

AU

TY

OR

DE

RL

Y

BE

AU

TY

OV

ER

AL

L

BE

AU

TY

DIV

ER

SIF

IE

D

BE

AU

TY

NATURAL

VENTILATION

TRADITIONAL

AESTHETIC

PRINCIPLE

COMBINATION

INDEXS

TY

PIC

AL

EX

PL

OIT

AT

IO

N

GR

OU

P

NOTE:

TYPICAL EXPLOITATION GROUP: COMBINATION INDEX > 55% (34 INTERACTIONS)

LIMIT EXPLOITATION GROUP: COMBINATION INDEX < 55% (AND > 10%)

EXPLOITATION STATUS 01

AVERAGE INDEX

ROOF/

CORNICE

TYPICAL

COVERING

STRUCTURE

WINDOW/

DOOR

PORCH/

LOGGIA

FLOOR

COLUMN

FRAME







DECENTRALIZATION

INDEX

STRUCTURE COMPONENT OF RESIDENTIAL ARCHIRECTURE FORM IN VIETNAM URBAN

BASIC

DEMAND

EXTENSION

DEMAND

HARMONY WITH

NATURE

VIETNAMESE

FAMILY TRADITION

COMMUNITY

PRIVATE

OWNERSHIP


(ADVANCE)

RECESS

ION

CUSTOMI

ZATION

DEVELOP

MENT

COMMON

TENDENCY IN

THE WORD

NATIVE

TENDENCY

(VIETNAM)

GRADUAL

TRANSITION

+ +

+ +

+

+

+ +

+

OPPOSITE

IMPACT TENDENCY

FUNCTION DEVELOPMENT TENDENCY

CU

LT

UR

E D

EV

EL

OP

ME

NT

T

EN

DE

NC

Y

CU

LT

UR

E C

ON

VE

RS

IO

N T

EN

DE

NC

Y

F3.20THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE CONVERSION TENDENCY ON FUNCTION ASPECT

2

DEVELOPMENT TENDENCY

NOTE

3RECESSION TENDENCY

1

CUSTOMIZABLE TENDENCY

(IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CULTURE

DEMAND)

DEVELOPMENT

DEMAND

FLEXIBILITY/

VERSATILE

(PRE-LEVEL)

FAVORABLE

IMPACT

TENDENCY

DEVELOP

MENT

COMMON

TENDENCY IN

THE WORD

DEVELOP

MENT

COMMON

TENDENCY IN

THE WORD

GRADUAL

TRANSITION

CUSTOMI

ZATION

COMMON

TENDENCY IN

THE WORD

REFERENCE

OF THE

TRADITIONAL

CULTURE

VALUE

TRADITIONAL

AESTHETIC

PRINCIPLE

PRIVATE

OWNERSHIP

HARMONY

WITH

NATURE

VIETNAMESE

FAMILY

TRADITION

COMMUNITY

FLEXIBILITY/

VERSATILE

CREATI

VITY

GEOMETRY

HARMONIC

BEAUTY

16

6

1

2

4

TRADITIONAL

SHAPING

LAW

NEW

FORM

THE TRADITIONAL AESTHETIC VALUE

THE INTERVENTION ELEMENT OF THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE

VALUE CONVERSION TENDENCY

THE TENDENCY OF

THE TRADITIONAL

AESTHETIC VALUE

CONVERSION

TR

AD

IT

IO

NA

L A

ES

TH

ET

IC

&

O

RD

ER

+

CO

MM

ON

T

EN

DE

NC

Y (W

OR

D)

NA

TIV

E T

EN

DE

NC

E

(V

IE

TN

AM

)

CH

AN

GE

O

RD

ER

T

RA

DIT

IO

NA

L A

ES

TH

ET

IC

FLUCTUATION

STABILITY

14 15

F3.21CONVERSION TENDENCY OF THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE VALUE ON THE FORM ASPECT

NATIVE

TENDENCY (VIETNAM)

COMMON

TENDENCY IN THE WORD

TECHNO

LOGY

NATURE

CULTURE

&

SOCIETY

ECONO

MICS

ELEMENT

BEAUTY

DIVERSIFIED

BEAUTY

OVERALL

BEAUTY

ORDERLY

BEAUTY

ELEMENT

BEAUTY

HARMONIC

BEAUTY

ODERLY

BEAUTY

OVERALL

BEAUTY

DIVERSIFIED

BEAUTY

HARMONIC

RATIO

NATURAL

MATERIAL

NATURAL

VENTILATION

SUNSHADE

SHADING

SUMMETRY

RHYME

MOBILITY

AIM

NEW

MATERIALS

&

TECHNIQUE

CLIMATE

ADAPTATION

FORM

TRADITIO

NAL

INHERIT

ANCE

EXECUTION

CONDITION

characteristics of traditional culture exploitation …

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