characteristics of weekend travel in the city of calgary: towards a model of weekend travel demand...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Characteristics of Weekend Travel in the City of Calgary: Towards a Model of Weekend Travel Demand JD Hunt, University of Calgary DM Atkins, City of Calgary](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e865503460f94b89c13/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Characteristics of Weekend Travelin the City of Calgary:Towards a Model of
Weekend Travel Demand
JD Hunt, University of CalgaryDM Atkins, City of Calgary
17th Annual EMME/2 User Conference
Calgary AB, Canada October 2003
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• Introduction• Motivations• Background
• Weekend Travel Characteristics• Times• Generation, Modes• Purposes
• Model Form • Conclusions
OutlineProvide an Overview
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Introduction;Motivations
• Need weekend coverage for complete coverage• total benefits• total emissions
• Acknowledge travel patterns different from weekdays
• Identify present and future conditions for weekend• some congestion on Saturdays in particular
• Develop transport policy for weekend• infrastructure development• transit service design
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Time of Day Profile for Shaganappi Tr W South of 32 Ave N
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Comparison of Weekday and Weekend Trip Purposes
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Home to Work and Workto Home
Home to School andSchool to Home
Home to Shopping andShopping to Home
Home to Other and Otherto Home
Non Home Based
Trip Purpose
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Weekend
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Number of Trips on a Typical Weekday Split by Purpose and Person Type (Origin & Destination Combined)
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000
Non Home Based
Home to Other
Home to Shopping
Home to School
Home to Work
Tri
p P
urp
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Number of Trips
Adult
Grade-School
Post-Secondary
Pre-School
Senior
Weekday
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Number of Trips on a Typical Saturday Split by Purpose and Person Type (Origin & Destination Combined)
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000
Non Home Based
Home to Other
Home to Shopping
Home to School
Home to Work
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p P
urp
ose
Number of Trips
Adult
Grade-School
Post-Secondary
Pre-School
Senior
Saturday
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Number of Trips on a Typical Weekday Split by Purpose and Person Type (Origin & Destination Combined)
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000
Non Home Based
Home to Other
Home to Shopping
Home to School
Home to Work
Tri
p P
urp
ose
Number of Trips
Adult
Grade-School
Post-Secondary
Pre-School
Senior
Sunday
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Introduction;Background
• Have weekday travel model• aggregate, equilibrium approach• 25 segments• nested logit choice structure• EMME/2-based• consumer benefits for travellers
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Segment Person Type Trip Purpose 1 Elementary / Junior High Student Home to School 2 Elementary / Junior High Student Home to Other Purpose 3 Elementary / Junior High Student School to Home 4 Elementary / Junior High Student Other Purpose to Home 5 Elementary / Junior High Student Non-Home-Based 6 Senior High Student Home to School 7 Senior High Student Home to Other Purpose 8 Senior High Student School to Home 9 Senior High Student Other Purpose to Home 10 Senior High Student Non-Home-Based 11 Post-Secondary Student Home to School 12 Post-Secondary Student Home to Other Purpose 13 Post-Secondary Student School to Home 14 Post-Secondary Student Other Purpose to Home 15 Post-Secondary Student Non-Home-Based 16 Adult Worker (Not need car at work) Home to Work 17 Adult Home to Other Purpose 18 Adult Worker (Not need car at work) Work to Home 19 Adult Other Purpose to Home 20 Adult Non-Home-Based 21 Senior Home to Other Purpose 22 Senior Other Purpose to Home 23 Senior Non-Home-Based 24 Adult Worker (Need car at work) Home to Work 25 Adult Worker (Need car at work) Work to Home
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24 Hour Trip Generation:
10 trip 1 trip
person i
8 trips....
24 Hour Trip Destination Choice:
1
2 V destination zone j(1) j(2)
origin zone i
j(n)....
Time of Day Choice:
2
3 Vam off
daily i-j
pm
Mode Choice:
4
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6
7Vcar1 car2 car3
car p&r
transit auto
mechanical
cycle
metabolic
walk
time of day i-j 3
Peak Crown / Shoulder Choice:
7
8 Vpeak crown
car mode i-j
peak shoulder
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Introduction;Background
• Have observations of travel behaviour on weekends• part of Household Activity Survey (HAS)• 8,400 households in total• 2,200 households concerning weekend travel• all trips over 100m
• Developing weekday commercial movements model
• Seeking to be consistent in treatment of weekends
develop spec for weekend modeldevelop spec for weekend model
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Weekend Travel Characteristics;Weekday vs Saturday vs Sunday
• Excluding holiday periods
• At 13 permanent count stations combined• Saturday traffic volume 78% of AAWT• Sunday traffic volume 64% of AAWT
• Saturday and Sunday patterns over day very similar
• Consider a single typical weekend day in model?
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2001 Daily Traffic Volume for 16 Ave West of Deerfoot Tr
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Date
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olu
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Percents by Time of Day from all count stations combined
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Percentage of Overall Weekend Trips by 15-Minute Period and Day (Smoothed)
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Weekend Travel Characteristics;Home to Work Purposes
• Generation much lower on weekends
• Mode split on weekends:• less transit and P+R• more auto passenger and walk
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Distribution of 0, 1, and 2+ trips in Home to Work Purpose
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Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Work Trips
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Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other
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Percent Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Work Trips
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Weekend Travel Characteristics;Home to School Purposes
• Generation much lower on weekends
• Mode split on weekends:• Saturday and Sunday different
• Saturday:• less transit, school bus, P+R and auto passenger• more auto driver, walk and cycle
• Sunday:• less auto passenger and walk• no cycle, P+R and school bus• more auto driver and transit
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Distribution of 0, 1, and 2+ trips in Home to School Purpose
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Distribution of Mode Use for Home to School Trips
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Percent Distribution of Mode Use for Home to School Trips
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Weekend Travel Characteristics;Home to Shopping Purposes
• Generation much greater on weekends
• Mode split on weekends:• less auto driver and transit• more auto passenger
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Distribution of 0, 1, 2, and 3+ trips in Home to Shopping Purpose
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Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Shopping Trips
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Percent Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Shopping Trips
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Weekend Travel Characteristics;Home to Other Purposes
• ‘Other’ excludes work, school and shopping
• Generation somewhat greater on weekends
• Mode split on weekends:• less auto driver and transit• more auto passenger
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Distribution of 0, 1, 2, and 3+ trips in Home to Other Purpose
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Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Other Trips
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Percent Distribution of Mode Use for Home to Other Trips
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Weekend Travel Characteristics;Home to Other Purposes
• 2 basic kinds of ‘Other’• Other-1 attracted to retail employment• Other-2 attracted to population
• Other-1 includes:• shopping• eating out• entertainment / leisure• medical / financial
• Other-2 includes:• school• religious / civic• exercise• social
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Shopping ActivityLocations
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Social ActivityLocations
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Weekend Travel Characteristics;Non-Home-Based Trips
• Generation on weekends:• bit more on Saturdays• bit less on Sundays
• Mode split on weekends:• highly dominated by auto throughout• less walking (fewer weekday work lunch-time trips)
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Distribution of 0, 1, 2, to 8+ trips in Non Home Based Purpose
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Distribution of Mode Use for Non Home Based Trips
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Auto Driver Auto Passenger Transit Park and Ride Walk Cycle Other
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Percent Distribution of Mode Use for Non Home Based Trips
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Weekend Travel Characteristics;Activities
• Shift on weekends:• away from work and school• to leisure, shopping and other activities
• Less regular on weekends – less transit
• More family groups on weekends – more auto passenger
• About as much time spent travelling on Saturday as a weekday, bit less on Sunday
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Average Hours Spent on Different Activities for all Person Types Combined
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Average Number of Hours Spent of Different Activities by Adults
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Average Hours Spent on Different Activities by Grade-School Students
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Average Hours Spent on Different Activities by Senior High Students
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Average Hours Spent on Different Activities by Post Secondary Students
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Saturday
Sunday
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Average Hours Spent on Different Activities by Seniors
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Activities
Ave
rag
e N
um
ber
of
Ho
urs
Sp
ent
Weekday
Saturday
Sunday
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Model FormConsistency with Weekday Model
• Aggregate, equilibrium approach
• Range of segments – about 25 or so
• Nested logit choice structure for each segment
• EMME/2-based
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Model FormSegments
• Separate person types based on• transit fares• driving opportunities• equity considerations
• Separate purposes based on• regularity• compulsory / discretionary• behaviour
• Combine ‘Adult Worker’, ‘Adult Worker need car at work’, and ‘Adult Other’ categories used in weekday model
• work distinction less important as work less prevalent• mode choice dominated by auto
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Segment Person Type Trip Purpose 1 Elementary / Junior High Student Home to Other-1 2 Elementary / Junior High Student Home to Other-2 3 Elementary / Junior High Student Other-1 to Home 4 Elementary / Junior High Student Other-2 to Home 5 Elementary / Junior High Student Non-Home-Based 6 Senior High Student & Post-Secondary Student Home to Other-1 7 Senior High Student & Post-Secondary Student Home to Other-2 8 Senior High Student & Post-Secondary Student Other-1 to Home 9 Senior High Student & Post-Secondary Student Other-2 to Home 10 Senior High Student & Post-Secondary Student Non-Home-Based 11 Adult Home to Work 12 Adult Home to Other-1 13 Adult Home to Other-2 14 Adult Work to Home 15 Adult Other-1 to Home 16 Adult Other-2 to Home 17 Adult Non-Home-Based 18 Senior Home to Other-1 19 Senior Home to Other-2 20 Senior Other-1 to Home 21 Senior Other-2 to Home 22 Senior Non-Home-Based
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Model FormTimes of Day
• Represent peak and off-peak conditions
• Several options• one peak: 12:00-16:00• peak spreading: 2 shoulders either side along with peak
• Expect greater elasticity in time of day choice• less compulsory in time
• Still undecided, need to trade-off between• representation of conditions near large retail areas• number of time periods
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24 Hour Trip Generation:
10 trip 1 trip
person i
8 trips....
24 Hour Trip Destination Choice:
1
2 V destination zone j(1) j(2)
origin zone i
j(n)....
Time of Day Choice:
Mode Choice:
4
5
6
7Vcar1 car2 car3
car p&r
transit auto
mechanical
cycle
metabolic
walk
time of day i-j 3
Peak Crown / Shoulder Choice:
7
8 Vpeak crown
car mode i-j
peak shoulder
2
3 V off
daily i-j
peak
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Conclusions
• Travel behaviour different on weekends• appropriate to have different model
• One day for Saturday and Sunday combined• not as accurate• not more complex than weekday model
• Segmentation:• 2 Categories of ‘Other’ Purposes
• based on attractors at destination end• 1 Category of Adult Person Type
• reduced role of work and need car at work
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Conclusions
• Exciting times• ‘unknown territory’, still lots of questions• a way ahead• much more comprehensive modelling provided
• Look forward to reporting in future