chemical reactions & acids, bases, and solutions
DESCRIPTION
Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions. Chapter 6 and 7. Today we will . Explain balancing equations using Cornell Notes and Vocab Maps. 1. Describing chemical equations. 2. Chemical equations – what are they? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
& ACIDS, BASES,
AND SOLUTIONS
Chapter 6 and 7
![Page 2: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TODAY WE WILL
Explain balancing equations using Cornell Notes and Vocab Maps.
![Page 3: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. DESCRIBING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS2. Chemical equations – what are they?3. Short, easy way to show a chemical reaction, using symbols instead of words3. Reactant + reactant
product + product
![Page 4: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2. CONSERVATION OF MATTER
3. During a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed.
3. The mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products
3. The number of atoms stays the same no matter how they are arranged.
![Page 5: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2. OPEN AND CLOSED SYSTEMS3. Open system – matter can enter from or escape the surroundings4. ex: Fire place
southernchimneysweep.com
![Page 6: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3. Closed system – Matter not allowed to leave orenter.
4. Pumpkin decaying in a bag.
sleeplessinamman.com
![Page 7: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2. BALANCING EQUATIONS3. A chemical equation must show the SAME number of each type of atom on both sides of the equations
![Page 8: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
3. STEPS TO BALANCING EQUATIONS
Step 1: write the equationStep 2: Count the atomsStep 3: Use Coefficients to balance atomsStep 4: Look back and count
3. Coefficient – what are they?4. Number placed in front of a chemical formula
![Page 9: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TODAY WE WILL…Classify chemical reactions using Cornell Notes, our brains, and concept maps.
![Page 11: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1. DESCRIBING CHEMICAL REACTIONS
![Page 12: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2. CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL REACTIONS3. Synthesis 4. Put things together4. Two or more elements or compounds combine to make a more complex substance 4. Ex: 2H + O = Water
![Page 13: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jul10/articles/polivoks.htm
![Page 14: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3. DECOMPOSITION4. Compounds break down into simpler products
4. Ex: Hydrogen peroxide breaks down into water and oxygen
2H202 2H20 + O2
![Page 15: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3. REPLACEMENT4. When one element replaces another in a compound
4. When two elements in different compounds trade place
2Cu2O + C 4Cu + CO2
![Page 16: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
QUESTIONSHow could you determine ….?
What would happen if….?
How would you categorize….?
![Page 17: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
HOMEWORK
Concept maps:SynthesisDecompositionReplacement
![Page 18: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Analyze solutions, concentrations and solubility using Cornell Notes and task cards.
TODAY WE WILL….
![Page 19: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
2. A uniform mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute
2. Solvent – what is it?3. A Part of the solution present in the largest amount
2. Solute – dissolved by the solvent and cannot be seen in the solution
1. SOLUTIONS – WHAT ARE THEY?
![Page 20: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2. Example
Water + Sugar = Sugar water
Water = Solvent
Sugar = Solute
Sugar water = solution
![Page 21: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
3. Mixture that contains small, undissolved particles that do not settle out.
3. The particles are too small to be seen, but large enough to scatter a light beam
3. Examples: 4. Fats and proteins in milk4. Fog4. Jell-O4. Shaving cream
2. COLLOIDS – WHAT ARE THEY?
![Page 22: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3. A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration.
3. Heterogeneous mixture3. Examples :4. Snow globe
2. SUSPENSION – WHAT IS IT?
![Page 23: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3. A lot of solute dissolved in a certain amount of liquid
3. Examples4. Frozen fruit juices4. 3 cups of sugar in lemonade
2. CONCENTRATED SOLUTION
![Page 24: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3. The amount of solute is compared to the amount of solution and measured by %4. Solute/solution * 100 = % concentration
2. MEASURING CONCENTRATION
![Page 25: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A solution contains 12 grams of solute dissolved in 36 grams of solution. What is the concentration of the solution?
PRACTICE PROBLEM
![Page 26: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Page 267 Numbers 4 and 5PRACTICE PROBLEMS
![Page 27: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
3. Has a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent.
3. Example4. 1 Cup of sugar dissolved in 8 cups of lemonade4. Frozen fruit juice with 8 cups of water added.
2. DILUTE SOLUTION – WHAT IS IT?
![Page 28: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
3. Measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature
3. Unsaturated solution 4. You can add more to the solution
3. Saturated solution 4. You cannot add more to the solution
3. Supersaturated solution4. Has more solute than the solution can hold and usually it settles out.
2. SOLUBILITY – WHAT IS IT?
![Page 29: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
4. As temperature increases, solubility increases5. the solution can hold more solute
4. To dissolve more sugar, heat the water
4. Gases tend to become more soluble in cold temperatures5. Hot soda tastes “flat”
3. TEMPERATURE
![Page 30: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Page 266 numbers 1-4 on the graph.PRACTICE TIME
![Page 31: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Describe acids and bases using Cornell notes and litmus paper.
TODAY WE WILL…
![Page 32: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
2. Acids – what are they?3. A substance that tastes sour, and reacts with metals and carbonates3. 0-6 on the pH scale3. Can be corrosive3. Turns blue litmus paper red3. Produce a hydrogen ion H+ in water
1. ACIDS AND BASES
![Page 33: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
3. Examples of Acids4.4.4.4. Oranges4. Tomatoes4. Spinach
![Page 34: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
2. Uses of Acids3. Vitamin C3. Various vitamins and minerals3. Used to clean bricks and metals3. Found in fertilizer3. Batteries
![Page 35: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
3. A substance that tastes bitter and feels slippery
3. 8-14 on the pH scale3. Produces hydroxide ions OH- in water
3. Turns litmus red litmus paper blue
2. BASES – WHAT ARE THEY?
![Page 36: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
3. Examples4. Ammonia4. Glass cleaner4. Baking Soda4. Calcium Oxide and
calcium hydroxide make mortar and cement
![Page 37: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
2. Uses of bases3. Cleaning agent3. Creates mortar and cement3. Used in baking that make baked goods fluffy.
![Page 38: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
HOMEWORKMemory map: Acid, Base
![Page 39: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
On the left side of your notes complete the following:
Create a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast ACIDS vs Bases.
You have 5 minutes!
WARM-UP
![Page 40: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Describe acids and bases in Solutions using Cornell Notes and a foldable.
TODAY WE WILL…
![Page 41: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
2. Acids in solutions3. H+ are present 3. HCl -> H+ + Cl- in water3. In water the H breaks the bonds with the compound and forms H+
1. ACIDS AND BASES IN SOLUTIONS
![Page 42: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
3. OH- (hydroxide ion) when bases dissolve in water
3. Not all bases contain OH- 4. ammonia NH3
3. Produces OH- ions in water
2. BASES IN SOLUTIONS
![Page 43: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
3. pH scale ranges from 0-144. Describes the concentration of ions
3. 0-6.99 acidic4. lemon
3. 7 neutral4. water
3. 7.1 – 14 basic4. Drain cleaner
3. 0 = Strong acid while 6 is a weak acid
3. 8 = weak base while 14 is a strong base
2. STRENGTH OF ACIDS AND BASES
![Page 44: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
3. Neutralization4. reaction between an acid and a base causing it to become neutral
2. ACID-BASE REACTIONS
![Page 45: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
ANTACID PRE-LABQuestion: Which antacid works the best?Hypothesis: MaterialsProcedure
![Page 46: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
ANTACID TABLESubstance
pH before
pH with Antacid A
pH with Antacid B
pH with Antacid C
![Page 47: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
CHEMISTRY ISA. A characteristic of a substance that
can be observed without changing the substance into another substance
B. The study of matter and how matter changes
C. Anything that has mass and takes up space
D. A rapid reaction between oxygen and a substance called fuel.
![Page 48: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE IS CONSIDERED
A. MatterB. EnergyC. ChemistryD. Endothermic
![Page 49: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN CHEMICAL BONDS BREAK AND NEW BONDS FORM?
A. A physical changeB. A chemical reactionC. Matter is destroyedD. Surface area increases
![Page 50: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
THE ONLY SURE EVIDENCE FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION IS
A. The formation of a gasB. A color changeC. The production of one or
more new substancesD. Changes in properties
![Page 51: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
A CHEMICAL REACTION THAT ABSORBS ENERGY IN THE FORM OF HEAT IS DESCRIBED AS
A. Endothermic B. ExothermicC. CombustionD. Unbalanced
![Page 52: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
CACO3 REPRESENTS A CHEMICAL
A. SymbolB. FormulaC. SubscriptD. Reaction
![Page 53: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
A SHORTER, EASIER WAY TO SHOW CHEMICAL REACTIONS, USING SYMBOLS INSTEAD OF WORDS, IS CALLED A
A. Chemical equationB. Chemical formulaC. SymbolD. Subscript
![Page 54: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
THE SUBSTANCES LISTED ON THE LEFT SIDE OF A CHEMICAL EQUATION ARE THE
A. ProductsB. CoefficientsC. PrecipitatesD. Reactants
![Page 55: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
In a(n) ____ change, elements and/or compounds rearrange to form new substances.
![Page 56: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
A material used to decrease the rate of a reaction is called a _____.
![Page 57: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The process of solid ice changing into liquid water is a(n) ____ change.
![Page 58: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
A precipitate is a(n) ____ that forms from solution during a chemical reaction.
![Page 59: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The ____ is the amount of one material present in a given volume of another material.
![Page 60: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
In a chemical equation, the substances written on the right side of the arrow are called?
![Page 61: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
A chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat is a(n) _______ reaction.
![Page 62: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
EVERY CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVES A CHANGE INa. Energyb. Concentrationc. Stated. Mass
![Page 63: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
THE NUMBER PLACED BELOW AN ELEMENT’S SYMBOL IN A CHEMICAL FORMULA IS CALLED A a. Subscriptb. Coefficientc. Reactantd. Product
![Page 64: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF ENERGY THAT HAS TO BE ADDED TO START A REACTION IS THE
a. Chemical energyb. Activation energyc. Endothermic energyd. Exothermic energy
![Page 65: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A COEFFICIENT?
![Page 66: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
CHEMISTRY IS?A. The study of matter and how matter
changesB. Anything that has mass and takes up
spaceC. A rapid reaction between oxygen and a
substance D. The study of physics
![Page 67: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
CHEMICALS THAT ACT AS BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS BY SPEEDING UP REACTIONS IN LIVING THINGS ARE
a. Enzymesb. Fuelsc. Inhibitorsd. Reactants
![Page 68: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
LIST THREE EXAMPLES OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE
![Page 69: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Define Synthesis and decomposition.
![Page 70: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
DISCUSS WITH YOUR GROUP THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.1. Why is learning exothermic and
endothermic reactions important to your life?
2. Based on what you know, how would you explain chemical reactions?
![Page 71: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
TODAY WE WILL…
Analyze how to control chemical reactions using Cornell Notes and a word map.
![Page 72: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
1. CONTROLLING CHEMICAL REACTIONS2. Activation energy
3. A reaction cannot happen unless it has enough energy3. All chemical reactions require a certain amount of activation energy to get started3. EX: Spark, lightning
![Page 73: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
2. EXOTHERMIC AND ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS3. Exothermic – heat energy is released3. Endothermic – heat energy is absorbed
![Page 74: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
2. RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS3. To make reactions happen faster, add
more energy3. Factors that affect rates of reaction
includes surface area, temperature, concentration, and the presence of catalysts or inhibitors
![Page 75: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
3. SURFACE AREA4. Smaller surface area can cause a faster reaction4. Chewing food into smaller pieces causes the body to digest the food faster
![Page 76: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
3. TEMPERATURE4. When an object is heated, the particles
move faster and increase the rate of reaction
4. Faster moving molecules have more energy
![Page 77: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
3. CONCENTRATION
4. The amount of a substance in a given volume4. More particles = more particles to react
http://www2.sonoco.com/sonoco/Markets/Frozen+concentrate/mkt_frozen_concentrate.htm
![Page 78: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
3. CATALYSTS4. A material that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy4. Enzymes – biological catalysts
![Page 79: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
3. INHIBITORS4. A material used to decrease the rate of reaction4. Some reactions work better when they do not react as fast.4. EX: Food preservatives
![Page 80: Chemical Reactions & Acids, bases, and solutions](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815ece550346895dcd552d/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)