chemistry fundamentals biology 9 sumner hs. atoms molecules polymers organelles organs...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chemistry FundamentalsBiology 9Sumner HS
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AtomsAtoms
MoleculesMolecules
PolymersPolymers
OrganellesOrganelles
OrgansOrgans
Organism/Organism/IndividualIndividual
PopulationsPopulations
CommunitiesCommunities
EcosystemsEcosystems
BiosphereBiosphere
CellsCells
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Unit ThemeUnit ThemeStructure→Properties→FunctionStructure→Properties→Function
StructureStructure: How something is built or constructed. The parts and how they are connected.
PropertiesProperties: Qualities, characteristics, traits, how it behaves or interacts.
FunctionsFunctions: what job it does, how a property is used, how it contributes to the “work” of life
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Bathroom
StructureWalls, Sink, Counter, Tub,
Door, Toilet
PropertiesControls water, enclosed
room.
FunctionIdeal for bathing etc. in
privacy and not making a mess.
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For the Chemistry of Life...
Structure Properties Function
PartsFormula
ArrangementBondsBonds
StrengthEnergy
Interactions
How does it contribute
to life functions?
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Big Idea: AtomsBig Idea: AtomsDefinition for Levels of Organization?
The smallest form of unique matter is an atom.
A bar of gold...
Break a single atom down to smaller parts and they aren’t different any more.
Greek origin: atomos = indivisible
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An Atomic ModelThree sub-atomic sub-atomic particlesparticles
Electrons (eElectrons (e--))
Protons (pProtons (p++))
Neutrons (n)Neutrons (n)
Which element is this?
The protons and neutrons in the center make up the nucleusnucleus.
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PhEt Simulation – Build an Atom
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Atomic PropertiesThe number of protons (part of the
structure) is key to determining what the properties of the element are.
Color
Atomic size
Density
Ease of reaction with other elements.
State (gas, liquid, solid, metal...)
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Let’s “Meet The Elements” – by They might be giants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uy0m7jnyv6U
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PIT (putting it together): What are some key things to know about atoms?
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Chem Fundamentals: AtomsSmallest level of organiz
Gold bar example
Indivisible
Parts
Protons, pos/Neutrons, neutral/Electrons, neg
Nucleus = protons + neutrons
Electrons in orbit
Protons determine properties
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Atomic InteractionsWhat we experience around us results
from the interactions of atoms
Atoms combine together to make?
MoleculesMolecules.
These interactions are determined by...
the properties of the atoms.
what happens with the electrons.
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For life...We are interested in a few key properties
of atoms:
How many bonds they can form
The properties of bonds they form with other atoms.
This determines the kinds of moleculesmolecules that are formed.
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Our primary partsYou can use the memory device “CHNOPS” to
remember the most common elements of life
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous and Sulfur.
We’re going to look more closely at three of these
Hydrogen & Oxygen Periodic Table Videos
Carbon Connections Video & Questions
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Periodic Table of VideosWe’ll look at two elements: Hydrogen &
Oxygen
As you watch try to capture info about:
The number of electrons (structure)
The formula it’s often found in (structure)
How “reactive” it is (properties)
Any other properties (color, state, density...)
http://www.periodicvideos.com/index.htm
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HydrogenHydrogen OxygenOxygen
# of electrons# of electrons
FormulaFormula
How reactive?How reactive?
Other PropertiesOther Properties
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Carbon Connections VideoHalf-sheet with table and questions to
complete
Write your answers ON YOUR OWN PAPER!
I will collect these when we are finished.
This is an Assignment Organizer item.
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Carbon cycle video
•http://www.npr.org/news/specials/climate/video/
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Atomic structure: electronsElectrons are arranged in “shells” around
the nucleus.
The filling sometimes leaves unpaired electrons.
“Shells just want to be full”
Atoms are “happy” when their shells are full.
Actually are more stable.
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Key idea: Unpaired electrons are an opportunity to share electrons and create a bond.
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What trends or patterns do you notice in this table?
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How many chances to share?
1 2 3 4
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PIT Summary: Atomic Properties
Three particles: p+ & n in nucleus, e- in “orbit.”
Protons have primary influence on atomic properties.
Electrons interact with “the universe.”
Shells just want to be full to be stable.
Electronegativity (greediness) is a powerful atomic property.