chevron corporation - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Logo used since 2006.

Type Public

Traded as NYSE: CVX (http://www.nyse.com

/about/listed

/lcddata.html?ticker=cvx)

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Component

S&P 500 Component

Industry Oil and gas

Predecessor(s) Standard Oil of California

Gulf Oil[1]

Founded 1984

Headquarters San Ramon, California, U.S.

Area served Worldwide

Key people John S. Watson (Chairman & CEO)

Products Petroleum, natural gas and other

petrochemicals, See Chevron

products

Revenue US$ 241.909 billion (2012)[2]

Operating

income

US$ 46.332 billion (2012)[2]

Net income US$ 26.179 billion (2012)[2]

Total assets US$ 232.982 billion (2012)[2]

Total equity US$ 137.832 billion (2012)[2]

Employees 62,000 (Dec 2012)[2]

Website Chevron.com

(http://www.chevron.com/)

Chevron Corporation

Chevron CorporationFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chevron Corporation (commonly known asChevron) is an American multinational energycorporation headquartered in San Ramon,California, United States. It operates in more than180 countries. Chevron is engaged in the oil, gas,and geothermal sectors, including exploration andproduction; refining, marketing and transport;chemicals manufacturing and sales; and powergeneration. Chevron is one of the world's six"supermajor" oil companies. For the past fiveyears (through 2012) Chevron has been ranked asAmerica's third largest corporation in the Fortune500[3][4] In 2011 it was named the 16th largestpublic company in the world by Forbes Global2000.[5][6] Chevron is one of the largestcorporations in the world by revenue.

Contents

1 History2 Overview3 Upstream

3.1 United States3.1.1 Gulf of Mexico3.1.2 San Joaquin Valley3.1.3 Permian Basin3.1.4 Marcellus and UticaShale

3.2 Australia3.3 Nigeria3.4 Angola3.5 Kazakhstan

4 Downstream4.1 Refinery locations4.2 Processing and sales

5 Alternative energy5.1 Geothermal5.2 Electric vehicles5.3 Biofuels5.4 Solar power

6 Controversies6.1 Great American streetcarscandal6.2 Tax evasion6.3 Blocking of NiMH battery

Chevron Corporation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevron_Corporation

1 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

Chart of the major energy companiesdubbed "Big Oil" sorted by latestpublished revenue

Entrance to Chevron's headquarterscomplex in San Ramon, California

One view of the sprawling Chevronheadquarters complex

technology for automobiles6.4 Environmental damage inEcuador6.5 Pollution in Richmond,California6.6 Violation of the Clean Air Actin the United States6.7 Destruction of natural forest inBangladesh6.8 Investment in Iran6.9 Oil spill off the coast of Rio deJaneiro6.10 KS Endeavor explosion6.11 Political contributions6.12 Niger Delta shootings6.13 Oil spills in Angola

7 New policy and development8 Organization overview

8.1 Organizational structure8.2 Division of labor8.3 Internal culture8.4 External culture

9 Board of directors10 Marketing brands

10.1 Fuel10.2 Convenience stores10.3 Lubricants10.4 Fuel additives

11 See also12 References13 External links

History

Chevron traces its roots to an oil discovery in Pico Canyon(now the Pico Canyon Oilfield) north of Los Angeles. Thediscovery led to the formation, in 1879, of the Pacific CoastOil Company (also known as "Coast Oil"), the oldestpredecessor of Chevron Corporation.[citation needed]

In 1895, Coast Oil initiated its enduring marine history when it launched California's first steel tanker,the George Loomis, which could ship 6,500 barrels of crude between Ventura and San Francisco.[7]

Coast Oil was acquired in 1900 by the Standard Oil Co. (Iowa), a subsidiary of John D.Rockefeller's Standard Oil company. In 1906, Coast Oil was reincorporated as Standard Oil Co.(California).[citation needed]

Another side of the genealogical chart points to the founding of The Texas Fuel Company in 1901, amodest enterprise that started out in three rooms of a corrugated iron building in Beaumont, Texas,United States. This company was known as the Texas Company and later Texaco.[citation needed]


2 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

One of 16 Chevron stations branded as"Standard" to protect Chevron's formertrademark; this one is in Las Vegas,Nevada

In 1911, Standard Oil Co. (California) was severed from itsparent corporation, Standard Oil, as a result of the federalgovernment's successful lawsuit against Standard Oil underthe Sherman Antitrust Act. It went on to become part of the"Seven Sisters", which dominated the world oil industry in theearly 20th century.[8] In 1926, the company shed itsparenthetical name by changing to Standard Oil Co. ofCalifornia, or SoCal. As a former subsidiary of Standard Oil,SoCal had traditionally used the brand name "Standard", butin the 1930s, it began using "Chevron" on some of its retailproducts, which would eventually become its dominant brandname, although the brand name Calso was used from 1946 to1955 in states outside its native West Coast territory.[9][10][11]

Standard Oil Company of California ranked 75th amongUnited States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.[12]

In 1933, Saudi Arabia granted SoCal a concession to find oil, which led to the discovery of oil in1938. In 1948, SoCal discovered the world's largest oil field (Ghawar) in Saudi Arabia.[13] SoCal'ssubsidiary, California-Arabian Standard Oil Company, grew over the years and became the ArabianAmerican Oil Company (ARAMCO) in 1944. In 1973, the Saudi government began buying intoARAMCO. By 1980, the company was entirely owned by the Saudis, and in 1988, its name waschanged to Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco).[citation needed]

Standard Oil of California and Gulf Oil merged in 1984, which was the largest merger in history atthat time. To comply with U.S. antitrust law, SoCal divested many of Gulf's operating subsidiaries,and sold some Gulf stations and a refinery in the eastern United States. (The refinery is currentlyowned by Sunoco.) Among the assets sold off were Gulf's retail outlets in Gulf's home market ofPittsburgh, where Chevron lacks a retail presence but does retain a regional headquarters there as of2013, partially for Marcellus Shale-related drilling.[14] The same year, SoCal also took theopportunity to change its legal name to Chevron Corporation, since it had already been using thewell-known "Chevron" retail brand name for decades.[1] Chevron would sell the Gulf Oil trademarksfor the entire U.S. to Cumberland Farms, the parent company of Gulf Oil LP, in 2010 afterCumberland Farms had a license to the Gulf trademark in the Northeastern United States since1986.[15]

In January 1996, NGC (formerly NYSE: NGL) and Chevron announced plans to merge Chevron'snatural gas and natural gas liquids business with NGC.[16] On May 23, 1996, the companies reachedan agreement in principle to merge their business. Under the agreement, Chevron transferred itsnatural gas gathering, operating and marketing operation to NGC in exchange for a roughly 25percent equity stake in NGC. On August 30, shareholders approved the deal creating NorthAmerica's largest natural gas and gas liquids wholesaler.[17] In 1998, NGC Corporation was renamedDynegy (NYSE: DYN (http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lcddata.html?ticker=dyn)).[18][19]

In a merger completed February 1, 2000, Illinova Corp. (formerly NYSE: ILN (http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lcddata.html?ticker=iln)) became a wholly owned subsidiary of Dynegy Inc., in whichChevron also took a 28% stake.[20] However, Chevron in May 2007 sold its roughly 12 percent (atthe time) Class A common stock in the company for approximately $985 million, resulting in a gainof $680 million.[21][22]


3 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

On October 15, 2000, Chevron announced it would acquire Texaco (NYSE: TX), creating thesecond-largest oil company in the United States and the world's fourth-largest publicly traded oilcompany with a combined market value of approximately $95 billion.[23] On October 9, 2001, theshareholders of Chevron and Texaco voted to approve the merger,[24] creating ChevronTexaco in adeal valued at $45 billion.[25][26][27]

On May 9, 2005, ChevronTexaco announced it would drop the Texaco moniker and return to theChevron name. Texaco remains as a brand under the Chevron Corporation.[28]

On April 4, 2005, Chevron announced it planned to purchase Unocal Corporation (NYSE: UCL) for$18.4 billion, increasing the company's petroleum and natural gas reserves by about 15 percent.[29]

On August 10, 2005, Unocal Corporation shareholders approved Chevron's acquisition of thecompany in a deal valued at $18 billion.[30][31][32] Because of Unocal's large South East Asiangeothermal operations, Chevron became the world's largest producer of geothermal energy.[33]

In July 2010, Chevron ended retail operations in the Mid-Atlantic United States, removing theChevron and Texaco names from 1,100 stations in Delaware, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina,New Jersey, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Washington,D.C., and parts of Tennessee.[34]

On November 9, 2010, Chevron announced it would acquire Pennsylvania based Atlas Energy Inc.(NASDAQ: ATLS) for $3.2 billion in cash and an additional $1.1 billion in existing debt owed byAtlas.[35] On February 18, 2011, the shareholders of Atlas energy voted to approve the merger in adeal valued at $4.47 billion.[36][37]

Chevron and the Los Alamos National Laboratory started a cooperation in 2006 to improve therecovery of hydrocarbons from oil shale by developing a shale oil extraction process named ChevronCRUSH.[38] In 2006, the United States Department of the Interior issued a research, developmentand demonstration lease for Chevron's demonstration oil shale project on public lands in Colorado'sPiceance Basin.[39] In February 2012, Chevron notified the Bureau of Land Management and theDepartment of Reclamation, Mining and Safety that it intends to divest this lease.[40]

Overview

Chevron employs approximately 62,000 people worldwide (of which approximately 31,000 areemployed in U.S. operations). As of December 31, 2010, Chevron had 10.545 billion barrels(1.6765 × 109 cubic metres) of oil-equivalent net proved reserves. Daily production in 2010 was2.763 million barrels per day (439.3 ×103 m3/d) of net oil equivalent. The company has a worldwidemarketing network in 84 countries with approximately 19,550 retail sites, including those of affiliatecompanies. The company also has interests in 13 power generating assets in the United States andAsia. Chevron also has gas stations in Western Canada[41] and operates the Burnaby Refinery.

Chevron was headquartered in San Francisco for nearly a century before it relocated across the bayto San Ramon, California.

Chevron is the owner of the Standard Oil trademark in 16 states in the western and southeastern U.S.To maintain ownership of the mark, the company owns and operates one Standard-branded Chevronstation in each state of the area.[42] Additionally, Chevron owns the trademark rights to Texaco and


4 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

CalTex fuel and lubricant products.[43][44]

Chevron Shipping Company, a wholly owned subsidiary company, provides the maritime transportoperations, marine consulting services and marine risk management services for ChevronCorporation. The CSC-operated fleet comprises crude oil and product tankers, crude lightering shipsand liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers. The fleet is divided into two sections: The U.S. fleet consistsof four product tankers, which transport oil product between Chevron refineries and oil productsfrom Chevron refineries to U.S. supply terminals. The ships are manned by U.S. citizens and areflagged in the United States. The International fleet vessels are primarily flagged in the Bahamas andhave officers and crews from many different nations.[45] The largest ships are 320,000 tonne VeryLarge Crude Carriers VLCCs, which carry 2 million barrels (320,000 m3) of crude oil. The job of theinternational fleet is to transport crude oil from the oilfields to the refineries. The international fleetmans one LNG tanker.[citation needed]

Chevron ships historically had names beginning with "Chevron", such as the Chevron Washingtonand Chevron South America, or were named after former or serving directors of the company.Samuel Ginn, William E. Crain, Kenneth Derr, Richard Matzke and most notably Condoleezza Ricewere among those honored, but the ship named after Rice was subsequently renamed as AltairVoyager.[46] All the ships were renamed in 2001 following the corporate merger with Texaco. Ships inthe international fleet are all named after celestial bodies or constellations, such as Orion Voyagerand Altair Voyager and Capricorn Voyager. The U.S.-flagged ships are named after the states in thecountry, as in Washington Voyager and Colorado Voyager, Mississippi Voyager, Oregon Voyager andthe California Voyager.[47][48]

Chevron is a signatory participant of the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights.[49]

Upstream

United States

Gulf of Mexico

Further information: Energy in Mexico

Chevron is one of the leading producers in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. Key producing assetsinclude Tahiti and Blind Faith, the company's deepest operated offshore production facility. Twomajor capital projects, Jack/St. Malo and Big Foot, were authorized in 2010.

Blind Faith, which began production in 2008, is located in 6,500 feet of water and is capable ofproducing up to 65,000 barrels of oil and 55 million cubic feet of natural gas each day.[50] It is namedafter Eric Clapton's short-lived band of the same name.[51]

Chevron's Tahiti project began operations in 2009 after $4.7 billion development costs, following thediscovery of the Tahiti field in 2002.[52] The Tahiti project has total estimated recoverables of400–500 million barrels of oil and gas equivalent and can produce up to 125,000 barrels of oil and 70million cubic feet of gas a day.[53] The field is located almost 200 miles from New Orleans, in 4,100feet of water.

In 2010, Chevron approved development plans for Big Foot, located in approximately 5,200 feet of


5 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

water about 225 miles south of New Orleans. The Big Foot project is expected to produce up to75,000 barrels of oil and 25 million cubic feet of natural gas per day when it begins operations in2014.[54][55]

Also in 2010, the company approved the Jack/St. Malo project, the company's first project in theLower Tertiary trend in the deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The Jack and St. Malo fields are locatedwithin 25 miles of each other in the Gulf of Mexico, about 280 miles southwest of New Orleans inwater depths of 7,000 feet. The initial development is expected to require an investment ofapproximately $7.5 billion. It will comprise three subsea centers tied back to a hub production facilitywith a capacity of 170,000 barrels of oil and 42.5 million cubic feet of natural gas per day.[56]

In 2009, the company announced an oil discovery at the Buckskin prospect in the deepwater Gulf ofMexico about 190 miles southeast of Houston. The well is located in approximately 6,920 feet ofwater and was drilled to a depth of 29,404 feet. In 2011, the company announced an oil discovery atthe Moccasin prospect in the deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico.[57] The well is located approximately216 miles off the Louisiana coast in 6,759 feet of water and was drilled to a depth of 31,545 feet. Inaddition to these deepwater Gulf of Mexico activities, Chevron produces oil and natural gas from theGulf of Mexico shelf.[citation needed]

San Joaquin Valley

Since the late 19th century, Chevron and its predecessor companies have operated in San JoaquinValley, which comprises the southern two-thirds of the Central Valley of California. Chevroncurrently operates eight fields, including Kern River, Coalinga, Cymric, Lost Hills, Kettleman NorthDome, McKittrick and Midway-Sunset. The company also operates the San Ardo Oil Field in thenearby Salinas Valley.

The Kern River Oil Field, just outside of Bakersfield, California, is now recognized as the fifth largestin the United States. Spread along a lazy river outside Bakersfield, Calif., the 100-year-old oilfield isthe size of Manhattan. The Kern River facility pumps about 80,000 barrels of crude a day from adusty landscape studded with 13,000 wells. It has produced over 2 billion barrels of oil, qualifying itas a "supergiant" field. An estimated half a billion barrels of reserves remain, but with anothergeneration of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology, the company believes it can extractconsiderably more. The Kern River field is one of the longest-lived in the nation, having been inproduction for over 100 years.[58] In this field, Chevron uses steam-flooding, a process by whichhigh-temperature steam is injected into a reservoir, making the heavy oil less viscous and driving it toproduction wells.[59] Heat induced swelling of the oil also aids in releasing it from the reservoirrock.[60]

In Kern River, the company developed a work efficiency program called iField, a 3-D map of thesurface, with oil wells, structures, vehicles, and people, all updated in real time. The program collectsinformation from the San Joaquin Valley fields and allows workers to optimize operations, and makeit easier to introduce new technologies.[61][62]

In October 2011, a 29-megawatt thermal solar-to-steam facility was launched in the Coalinga Field.Instead of burning natural gas to heat the water, Chevron Technology Ventures designed a systemthat aims more than 7,600 mirrors to a receiver atop a solar tower to produce the steam for injectioninto the ground. The project covers more than 100 acres and is the largest of its kind in the world.[63]

Permian Basin


6 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

The Permian Basin, located in West Texas and southeastern New Mexico, is approximately 250 mileswide and 300 miles long, with the second largest oil reserves in the United States, after Alaska.[64]

Through its legacy companies like Texaco, Gulf, Getty, Skelly Unocal and Pure, Chevron has been asignificant producer in the Permian Basin for more than 85 years.

The company currently operates approximately 11,000 oil and natural gas wells in hundreds of fieldsoccupying four million acres across the region. Its net daily production from the Permian Basin ismore than 115,000 barrels of oil equivalent, composed of 55 percent oil, 34 percent natural gas and11 percent natural gas liquids, the fourth largest producer in the region. [65] Most of ther propertiesacquired through the purchase of Gulf Oil and Texaco. In February 2011, Chevron celebrated theproduction of its 5 billionth barrel of Permian Basin oil.[66]

Marcellus and Utica Shale

The Marcellus Shale is a rock formation underlying Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and NewYork, as well as Maryland, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia.[67]

In February 2011, Chevron purchased Atlas Energy Inc. for $3.2 billion, obtaining gas leases for486,000 acres in the Marcellus Shale and 623,000 net acres of Utica Shale.[68] Three months later,Chevron acquired drilling and development rights for another 228,000 acres in the Marcellus Shalefrom Chief Oil & Gas LLC and Tug Hill, Inc.[69]

According to reports, the Marcellus shale region contains 410.3 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of the 2,543Tcf of technically recoverable shale gas in the United States.[70] In Pennsylvania, Marcellus naturalgas development generated $11.2 billion in economic value, contributed $1.1 billion in state and localtax revenues, and supported nearly 140,000 jobs. Improvements in two drilling techniques –hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have made shale gas more accessible and affordable todevelop.[71]

Australia

Further information: Energy in Australia

Chevron is the largest holder of natural gas resources in Australia and is leading the development ofthe Gorgon Gas Project, the largest single-resource project in Australia. The $43 billion project wasstarted in 2010 and is expected to be brought online in 2014.[72] The project includes construction ofa 15 million tonne per annum Liquefied Natural Gas plant on Barrow Island, and a domestic gas plantwith the capacity to provide 300 terajoules per day to supply gas to Western Australia. The projectwill be one of the most greenhouse gas efficient LNG developments in the world, due largely to itsCO2 injection component that will sequester naturally occurring CO2 in the gas from the Gorgon andJansz reservoirs.[73]

In September 2011, the company announced it would proceed with the Wheatstone liquefied naturalgas development in West Australia. The foundation phase of the project is estimated to cost $29billion; it will consist of two LNG processing trains with a combined capacity of 8.9 million tons perannum, a domestic gas plant and associated offshore infrastructure.[74]

Chevron is a long-time participant in Australia's North West Shelf Venture, which runs five offshoreLNG facilities in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The last section of the project to be


7 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

completed began producing natural gas in 2008. The entire venture produces up to 16.3 million tonsof liquefied natural gas a year.[75]

The company is also a joint venture participant in the Browse gas development, [76] operated byAustralian energy company, Woodside Petroleum. The project is planned to tap three fields, Torosa,Brecknock and Calliance, estimated to have combined reserves of approximately 13 trillion cubicfeet of natural gas and 280 million barrels of condensate. The project is expected to come onlinebetween 2013 and 2015.[77]

Nigeria

Further information: Energy in Nigeria

Chevron is the third-largest oil producer in Nigeria and one of the largest private investors operatingin Nigeria.[78]

In the onshore and near-offshore regions of the Niger Delta, Chevron operates under a joint venturewith the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, operating and holding a 40 percent interest in 13concessions spread over approximately 2.2 million acres (8,900 km2) in the region. In addition,Chevron operates the Escravos Gas Plant and the Escravos Gas-To-Liquids Project.[41][79]

The company has extensive interests in deepwater Nigeria, where it holds interests ranging fromabout 20 percent, up to 100 percent, in 10 deepwater blocks. The most important are the Agbamidevelopment, which is based on one of Nigeria's largest deepwater discoveries and the company'snon-operated interest in the Usan project.[80]

In 2010, Chevron created the multi-million-dollar Niger Delta Partnership Initiative Foundation toaddress the socioeconomic challenges facing the area.[81][82]

Angola

Further information: Energy in Angola

Chevron is one of Angola's top petroleum producers investing billions of dollars in major energyprojects focused on oil production and gas commercialization for domestic and export markets. Thecompany has interests in four concessions in Angola, two of which the company operates locatedoffshore Cabinda province. Among its largest offshore assets are the Benguela Belize–LobitoTomboco platform, the Tombua–Landana development, and the Mafumeira Norte project. Inaddition, Chevron is a partner in the multi-billion dollar 5.2 million-metric-ton-per-year liquefiednatural gas plant located near the coastal city of Soyo, Zaire province.[83][84]

Chevron is Angola's largest foreign oil industry employer with over 3,000 Angolan employees – about90 percent of the company's workforce in the country including many local professional andsupervisory roles at Chevron in Angola.[84]

Kazakhstan

Further information: Energy in Kazakhstan

Chevron is the largest private oil producer in Kazakhstan and is involved in two of the largest


8 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

projects in the country, Tengiz and Karachaganak, which together produce 831,000 barrels of oil and1.7 billion cubic feet of natural gas a day.[85]

The Tengiz project was developed as part of a 40-year joint venture with ExxonMobil,KazMunayGas and LukArco: Chevron is the major stakeholder in project. The operation recentlyexpanded its sour gas injection and second generation plant facilities to increase production andrecovery levels.[86]

The Karachaganak Field in northwest Kazakhstan is one of the world's largest oil and gas condensatereserves. Chevron has a 20 percent nonoperated working interest in the field. In 2010, total dailyproduction from the Karachaganak Field averaged 220,000 barrels of liquids (39,000 net) and 840million cubic feet of natural gas (149 million net).[87]

Chevron has expanded its investment in Kazakhstan in recent years. In 2010, Chevron invested in amulti-billion dollar expansion of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium pipeline. The company is thelargest private shareholder in the project. The pipeline connects in Kazakhstan with marine terminalsin Russia.[88]

Downstream

Chevron's downstream operations manufacture and sell products such as fuels, lubricants, additivesand petrochemicals. The company's most significant areas of operations are the west coast of NorthAmerica, the U.S. Gulf Coast, Southeast Asia, South Korea, Australia and South Africa. Products aresold through a network of approximately 20,000 retail stations. Chevron's chemicals businessincludes 50% ownership in the Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, which manufacturespetrochemicals, and the Chevron Oronite Company, which develops, manufactures and sells fuel andlubricant additives.

Refinery locations

Chevron owns and operates five active refineries in the United States, one in Cape Town, SouthAfrica, and one in Burnaby, British Columbia. Chevron is the non-operating partner in seven jointventure refineries, located in Australia,[89] Pakistan,[90] Singapore, Thailand, South Korea, and NewZealand.[91] Chevron's United States refineries are located in Gulf and Western states. Chevron alsoowns an asphalt refinery in Perth Amboy, New Jersey; however, since early 2008 that refinery hasprimarily operated as a terminal.[92]

Pascagoula, MississippiSalt Lake City, UtahKapolei, HawaiiEl Segundo, CaliforniaRichmond, CaliforniaBurnaby, CanadaCape Town, South Africa

Processing and sales

In 2010, Chevron processed 1.9 million barrels of crude oil per day and averaged 3.1 million barrelsper day in sales of refined products like gasoline, diesel and jet fuel.[93]


9 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

Alternative energy

The company is developing alternative energy sources, including geothermal, solar, wind, biofuel,fuel cells, photovoltaics, advanced and hydrogen fuel for transport and power technologies throughChevron Energy Solutions and Chevron Technology Ventures. The company plans to spend at least$2 billion on renewable power ventures and research between 2010 and 2013.[94][95][96][97]

In addition to developing its own technologies, Chevron has cut its energy use by a third since 1992by utilizing hydrogen fuel cells and solar panels at its facilities.

Geothermal

Chevron is the world's largest producer of geothermal energy.[citation needed] The company'sgeothermal operations are primarily located in Southeast Asia, where steam from undergrounddeposits of boiling water is tapped and piped to the surface to turn generators, producing 1,273 MWof electricity.[98][99][100]

Chevron operates numerous geothermal wells in Indonesia, helping to provide power to Jakarta andthe surrounding area, and plans to potentially open a 200 MW geothermal facility in South Sumatra.In the Philippines, Chevron also operates geothermal wells at Tiwi field in Albay province, theMakiling-Banahaw field in Laguna and Quezon provinces.[101]

Electric vehicles

Chevron Technology Ventures once held the patent for a certain type of nickel metal hydride battery(NiMH), and also had at 50% stake—with Energy Conservation Devices (ECD) holding the other50%—in Cobasys, a company that produced Lithium Ion Batteries. In 2009, both Chevron andEnergy Conservation Devices sold their stakes in Cobasys to SB LiMotive Co. Ltd and today, neitherChevron nor Energy Conservation Devices have any relationship with Cobasys. Chevron no longerholds the patent for NiMH technology, the rights to which are held between Energy ConservationDevices and SB LiMotive as a result of the Cobasys sale.[citation needed]

Chevron was once rumored to be limiting access to large NiMH batteries through its control of patentlicenses in order to remove a competitor to gasoline. This culminated in a lawsuit against Panasonicand Toyota over production of the EV-95 battery used in the RAV4 EV.[102][103]

Chevron once owned a minority share of Energy Conservation Devices, the leading producer ofLithium Ion Batteries. Chevron-Texaco purchased a stake in an ECD subsidiary from GM in 2001,reportedly so Chevron-Texaco could expand their business into the emerging hybrid market. But,some in the alternative energy field see an ulterior motive, so Chevron-Texaco can suppress thedevelopment of Lithium Ion Batteries. They feel this way because ECD has shown little interest inselling Lithium Ion Batteries to electric vehicle enthusiasts since Chevron became a partial owner.Nevertheless, ECD does continue to work with commercial manufacturers.[104][105][106]

Biofuels

Chevron Technology Ventures (CTV) is investing between US$ 300 and $400 million a year intoalternative fuel sources and environmentally sustainable technologies. CTV contains a biofuelsbusiness unit.[107]


10 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

In 2007, Chevron and the United States Department of Energy's National Renewable EnergyLaboratory (NREL) announced that they had entered into a collaborative agreement to producebiofuels from algae. Chevron and NREL scientists would develop algae strains that can beeconomically harvested and processed into transportation fuels, such as jet fuel.[108]

In 2008 Chevron and Weyerhaeuser Company jointly created Catchlight Energy LLC, whichresearches the conversion of cellulose-based biomass into biofuels.[109]

Between 2006 and 2011 Chevron contributed up to $12 million to a strategic research alliance withthe Georgia Institute of Technology to develop cellulosic biofuels and to create a process to convertbiomass like wood or switchgrass into fuels. Additionally, Chevron holds a 22% ownership stake inGalveston Bay Biodiesel LP, which produces up to 110 million US gallons (420,000 m3) of renewablebiodiesel fuel a year.[110][111]

Solar power

In 2010, the Chevron announced Project Brightfield for exploring possibilities to use solar power forpowering Chevron's facilities. Set on 8 acres (32,000 m2) of land that once held a refinery, ProjectBrightfield consists of 7,700 solar panels using advanced photovoltaic technologies from sevencompanies, which Chevron is evaluating for large-scale use.[112]

Chevron has invested in the 500 kW Solarmine photovoltaic solar project in Fellows, California, aswell as a 1 MW solar field in Questa, New Mexico.[citation needed] In Questa, Chevron TechnologyVentures and Chevron Mining have built a one-megawatt solar farm on the site of a former mine. The20-acre (81,000 m2) Questa facility uses concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technology that comprises173 solar arrays, which use Fresnel lenses to focus sunlight on small, highly efficient photovoltaiccells.[113]

Chevron Energy Solutions provides energy efficiency energy savings services.[114]

Controversies

Great American streetcar scandal

In 1950 three companies, General Motors, Firestone and Chevron, then known as "Standard Oil",were charged and convicted of criminal conspiracy for their part in the General Motors streetcarconspiracy. The scandal involved purchasing streetcar systems throughout the United States anddismantling and replacing them with buses,[115] in order to increase their sales of petroleum,automobiles and tires.

Tax evasion

Chevron was found to have evaded $3.25 billion in federal and state taxes from 1970 to 2000through a complex petroleum pricing scheme involving a project in Indonesia.[116][117][118] Chevronand Texaco, before they merged in 2001, each owned 50 percent of a joint venture called Caltex,which pulled crude oil from the ground in a project with the Indonesian state oil company, Pertamina.Chevron was accused of reducing its tax liabilities in the U.S. by buying oil from Caltex at inflatedprices. One internal Chevron document set the price it paid Pertamina for oil at $4.55 a barrel higher


11 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

than the prevailing market price. Chevron was then able to overstate deductions for costs on its U.S.income tax returns. Indonesia appeared to levy tax on this oil at 56%, a rate far higher than thecorporate tax rate in the U.S. Because the United States gives companies a credit for taxes paid toforeign governments, tax paid to the Indonesian government reduces tax to the U.S. government.

Caltex transferred funds out of the U.S. to Indonesia, because the Indonesian governmentcompensated Caltex for the excessively priced oil and the extra taxes paid by giving oil for free.Because Caltex had to pay taxes on that oil, too, the Indonesian government gave it even more oil tocover the taxes.

Blocking of NiMH battery technology for automobiles

Main article: Patent encumbrance of large automotive NiMH batteries

ECD Ovonics founder, Stan Ovshinksy, and Dr. Masahiko Oshitani of the Yuasa Company, inventedthe NiMH technology used in hybrid vehicles.[119][120] In 1994, General Motors acquired acontrolling interest in Ovonics's battery development and manufacturing business. On October 10,2001, the oil company Texaco purchased GM's share in GM Ovonics, and Chevron completedacquisition of Texaco six days later. In 2003, Texaco Ovonics Battery Systems was restructured intoCobasys, a 50/50 joint venture between Chevron and Energy Conversion Devices (ECD)Ovonics.[121] Chevron's influence over Cobasys extends beyond a strict 50/50 joint venture. Chevronholds a 19.99% interest in ECD Ovonics.[122] In addition, Chevron maintains the right to seize all ofCobasys' intellectual property rights if ECD Ovonics does not fulfill its contractual obligations.[123]

On September 10, 2007, Chevron filed a legal claim that ECD Ovonics has not fulfilled itsobligations. ECD Ovonics disputes this claim.[124] Since that time, the arbitration hearing wasrepeatedly suspended while the parties negotiate with an unknown prospective buyer. No agreementhas been reached with the potential buyer.[125] Cobasys's patents relating to NiMH batteries expire in2015.

In her book, Plug-in Hybrids: The Cars that Will Recharge America (http://www.newsociety.com/bookid/3934), published in February 2007, Sherry Boschert argues that large-format NiMH batteriesare commercially viable but that Cobasys refuses to sell the batteries or license the technology tosmall companies or individuals. Boschert argues that Cobasys accepts only very large orders for thebatteries. Major automakers showed little interest in placing large orders for large-format NiMHbatteries. However, Toyota complained about the difficulty in getting smaller orders of large formatNiMH batteries to service the existing 825 RAV-4EVs. Because no other companies were willing toplace large orders, Cobasys was not manufacturing or licensing large format NiMH batterytechnology for automobiles. Boschert concludes that "it's possible that Cobasys (Chevron) issquelching all access to large NiMH batteries through its control of patent licenses in order to removea competitor to gasoline. Or it's possible that Cobasys simply wants the market for itself and iswaiting for a major automaker to start producing plug-in hybrids or electric vehicles."[126]

In an interview with The Economist, Ovshinsky subscribed to the former view. "I think we at ECDwe made a mistake of having a joint venture with an oil company, frankly speaking. And I think it'snot a good idea to go into business with somebody whose strategies would put you out of business,rather than building the business."[127]

In December 2006, Cobasys and General Motors announced that they had signed a contract underwhich Cobasys provides NiMH batteries for the Saturn Aura hybrid sedan.[128] In March 2007, GMannounced that it would use Cobasys NiMH batteries in the 2008 Chevrolet Malibu hybrid as well.


12 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

Oil pollution in Lago Agrio, November2007

In October 2007, International Acquisitions Services and Innovative Transportation Systems filed suitagainst Cobasys and its parents for refusing to fill an order for large-format NiMH batteries to beused in the electric Innovan.[125]

In August 2008, Mercedes-Benz U.S. International filed suit against Cobasys, on the ground Cobasysdid not tender the batteries it agreed to build for Mercedes-Benz's planned hybrid SUV.[129]

Environmental damage in Ecuador

Main article: Lago Agrio oil field

From 1972 to 1993, Texaco operated development of theLago Agrio oil field in Ecuador. Ecuadorian farmers andindigenous residents accused Texaco, now Chevron, ofmaking residents ill and damaging forests and rivers bydischarging 18 billion US gallons (68,000,000 m3) offormation water into the rainforest without anyenvironmental remediation. They sued Chevron forextensive environmental damage caused by theseoperations, which have sickened thousands ofEcuadorians and polluted the Amazon rainforest.[130]

The Ecuadorian court could have imposed a legal penaltyof up to $28 billion in a class action lawsuit filed onbehalf of Amazonian villagers in the region. Chevronclaimed that agreements with the Ecuadorian Government exempted the company from anyliabilities.[131][132][133] A documentary on the issue, Crude, premiered in September 2009.

From 1977 until 1992 Texaco (Texpet), a subsidiary of Texaco Inc., was a minority member of thisconsortium with Petroecuador, the Ecuadorian state-owned oil company, as the majority partner.Since 1990, the operations were conducted solely by Petroecuador. At the conclusion of theconsortium and following an independent third-party environmental audit of the area, Texacoformally agreed with the Republic of Ecuador and Petroecuador to conduct a three-year remediationprogram at a cost of $40 million. The government subsequently granted Texpet and all relatedcorporate entities a full release from any and all environmental liability arising from itsoperations.[131] Based on that release, Chevron contended that "this lawsuit lacks legal or factualmerit." However, water and soil samples taken by an Ecuadorean scientific team after Texacodeparted in 1998 found almost half still contained unsafe levels of petroleum hydrocarbons.[134]

On 15 February 2011, a court in Ecuador fined Chevron $8.6 billion for pollution to the country'sAmazon region by Texaco between 1972 and 1992, with claimants claiming loss of crops and farmanimals as well as increased local cancer rates.[134][135][136] The action was brought against Chevronby 30,000 Ecuadorean people; it is the first time that indigenous people have successfully sued amultinational corporation in the country where the pollution took place.[134][135] The trial began in2003.[137] The total penalty imposed on Chevron was $9.5 billion as it was ruled that the oilcompany must pay an additional 10 per cent legally mandated reparations fee.[135] $27 billion wasthe sum total requested by plaintiffs, $18.4 billion more than was eventually granted by thecourt.[136] The Ecuadoreans expressed happiness that Chevron was declared guilty; they alsoexpressed dismay that the award of $8.6 billion would not be enough to make up for the damagecaused by the oil company.[138] Environmental activists believe that this case serves as a precedent


13 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

for representing pollution-causing business being carried out by firms in developing countries.[135]

The nonprofit organization Amazon Watch described the outcome of the case as"unprecedented".[138] Chevron described the lawsuit as an "extortion scheme" and refused to paythe fine.[134] Chevron has no international obligation to pay, and no assets in Ecuador for thegovernment to seize.

Pollution in Richmond, California

Chevron's activities at its century-old Richmond refinery have been the subject of ongoingcontroversy. The project generated over 11 million pounds of toxic materials and caused more than304 accidents.[139] The Richmond refinery paid $540,000 in 1998 for illegally bypassing waste watertreatments and failing to notify the public about toxic releases.[140] Overall, Chevron is listed aspotentially liable for 95 Superfund sites, with funds set aside by the EPA for clean-up.[141] InOctober 2003, the state of New Hampshire sued Chevron and other oil companies for using MTBE, agasoline additive that the attorney general claimed polluted much of the state's water supply.[142] Thepollution created by the refinery has also had adverse health effects on the residents of Richmond,including relatively high rates of respiratory diseases and cancer when compared to the state andnational averages, and the health issues related to emergency spills.[143]

Violation of the Clean Air Act in the United States

On October 16, 2003, Chevron U.S.A. settled a charge under the Clean Air Act, which reducedharmful air emissions by about 10,000 tons a year.[144] In San Francisco, Chevron was filed by aconsent decree to spend almost $275 million to install and utilize innovative technology to reducenitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulfur dioxide emissions at its refineries.[145] After violating the Clean AirAct at an offline loading terminal in El Segundo, California, Chevron paid a $6 million penalty as wellas $1 million for environmental improvement projects.[146] Chevron also had implemented programsthat minimized production of hazardous gases, upgraded leak detection and repair procedure,reduced emissions from sulfur recovery plants, and adopted strategies to ensure the proper handlingof harmful benzene wastes at refineries.[144] Chevron also spent about $500,000 to install leaklessvalves and double-sealed pumps at its El Segundo refinery, which could prevent significant emissionsof air contaminants.[146]

Defenders of Chevron's environmental record point to recent changes in the corporation, particularlyits pledge in 2004 to combat global warming.[147]

Destruction of natural forest in Bangladesh

On 26 June 2008, a fire in Lawachara National Park (a natural forest; a major national park, rare ofits kind in the region, and crucial to maintain the biodiversity of Bangladesh's flora & fauna) hadbroken out as Chevron Corp. carried out a 3D seismic survey that was to be six-months long. Thecompany had violated the conditions of the government's environment clearance certificate by notinforming the ministry about the cracks that had occurred in nearby residents' properties due toexplosions caused by their activities.[148]

Investment in Iran

One of the U.S. Embassy cables published by WikiLeaks concerns a conversation that took place on


14 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

March 19, 2009, between the Iraqi Prime Minister, Nouri al-Maliki, and the U.S. chargéd'affaires.[149] One of the subjects discussed was the negotiation between the Iraqi Prime Ministerand Chevron concerning a cross-border oilfield (Iran–Iraq), despite strict U.S. sanctions that state"US persons may not perform services, including financing services, or supply goods or technologythat would benefit the Iranian oil industry." Chevron asserted that they had not engaged in anynegotiations that would violate U.S. law.[150] This document was intended to have been kept secretuntil 2029.[149]

Oil spill off the coast of Rio de Janeiro

Further information: Energy in Brazil

On November 8 2011, Chevron came under fire by Brazilian authorities for its role in the spill ofcrude oil off of the southeastern coast of Brazil.[151] The Brazilian regulators said 416,400 liters of oilleaked over the course of two weeks from undersea rock near the well in the Frade oil project370 km off the Brazilian coast.[152] Prosecutors in Brazil are demanding $10.6bn in the subsequentlawsuit. The National Petroleum Agency (ANP) suspended Chevron's activities in Brazil until it hasidentified the cause of an oil spill off the coast of Rio de Janeiro.[153]

KS Endeavor explosion

The KS Endeavor jackup rig exploded on 16 January 2012 while drilling an exploration well forChevron on the Funiwa field in Nigeria. Two of the 154 workers on the KS Endeavor and a nearbysupport barge are unaccounted for. The rig was contracted by Fode Drilling. The rig had been undercontract to Chevron in Nigeria from January 2011 to January 2013. The rig, which has a crewcapacity of 130, was delivered in 2010.[154]

Political contributions

Since January 2011 Chevron has contributed almost $15 million on Washington lobbying. OnOctober 7, 2012 Chevron donated $2.5 million to the Republican Congressional Leadership Fundsuper PAC that is closely tied to House Speaker John Boehner.[155]

Niger Delta shootings

On May 25, 1998, over 100 activists staged a demonstration and occupied a barge servicing acompany oil platform in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.[156] After demanding a meeting with the managingdirector of the company to express their grievances, they were eventually met by a Nigerianemployee whose job was to liaise with the local communities. After speaking to the elders of thecommunity on shore, the representative then informed the activists that Chevron would offer morejobs to local people on the project but would have to get back to them in a few days about their otherdemands. [156] Four days later, on May 28, 1998, activists saw Chevron helicopters flying in and, asone activist said, "We were looking at all these helicopters thinking that probably people inside thesehelicopters might have been Chevron reps who are actually coming to dialogue with us here."

In fact, the helicopters contained members of the Nigerian navy and police, who immediately beganteargassing and shooting at the activists; two activists, Jola Ogungbeje and Aroleka Irowaninu, diedfrom their wounds.[156] Chevron describes the situation as "a violent occupation of private property


15 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

Chevron's 500kW Solarminephotovoltaic solar project in Fellows,California

by aggressors seeking to extort cash payments from the company".[157] The Nigerian government isreportedly 80% dependent upon oil production and is condemned by many for its reported treatmentof environmentalists.[158] The documentary Drilling and Killing covers these and other topics.

U.S. District Judge Susan Illston, in allowing a lawsuit brought by victims and their families againstChevron to proceed, said that there was evidence that Chevron had hired and provided transportationto Nigerian military forces known for their "general history of committing abuses".[159] In March2008, the plaintiffs' lawyers, without explanation, "quietly moved to withdraw half of their claims"against Chevron.[160]

On December 1, 2008, a federal jury cleared Chevron of all charges brought against them in the case.The jury deliberated for almost two days. Chevron had claimed that the military intervention wasnecessary to protect the lives of its workers and considers the jury's decision vindication for theaccusations of wrongdoing.[161]

Oil spills in Angola

Chevron's operations in Africa have also been criticized as environmentally unsound.[162] In 2002,Angola became the first country in Africa ever to levy a fine on a major multinational corporationoperating within its borders, when it demanded $2 million in compensation for oil spills allegedlycaused by Chevron.[163] An oil spill occurred in Cabinda Province in August 2010.[164]

New policy and development

Chevron has taken steps to reduce emissions of greenhousegases and pursue cleaner forms of energy.[165] It has scoredhighest among U.S. oil companies for investing in alternativeenergy sources and setting targets for reducing its ownemissions[165] and is the world's largest producer ofgeothermal energy, providing enough power for over 7 millionhomes.[166]

Chevron is currently considering a floating liquefied naturalgas facility to develop offshore discoveries in the ExmouthPlateau of Western Australia.[167]

Organization overview

Organizational structure

Chevron is an integrated energy and technology company, publicly traded on the NYSE. Chevron isan example of a bureaucratic corporation because there exist positions of rank throughout theorganization. This type of organizational structure establishes hierarchical power structured from thetop all the way down to the lowest level employees, interns and first-years. According to Max Weber,in companies structured like Chevron, as employees gain more experience, they desire a "careerwithin the hierarchical order" and expect to "move from the lower, less important and less well paid,to the higher positions".[168]


16 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

The company is led by a chief executive, who also serves on the board of directors, which is a groupof people that have been elected by the stockholders to represent them in decision making. CorporateOfficers make up the next rung of the ladder. These officers are in charge of different brancheswithin the corporation, ranging from technology and services to health environment and safety.[1]

The fact that the firm has multiple divisions, each led by different corporate officials, is an exampleof bureaucratic control in that many distinct positions exist in the company on different hierarchicallevels. The benefit of bureaucratic control in this situation is that workers have unique and distinctpositions making them feel more valued and important at the firm ultimately leading to higher moraland productivity.[169]

Division of labor

Chevron divides its responsibilities based on the corporations hierarchy structure and specializationof employees skills. At the top of Chevron's hierarchical ladder, as a result of being publicly traded, isa board of directors led by the chief executive officer. This board's responsibilities include, but arenot limited to, approving the chief executive officer's compensation, evaluating the attractiveness ofpaying dividends to investors, approving the company's financial statements and overseeing anymergers or acquisitions. The corporate officers manage the specific branches of the corporation.These branches of the corporation deal with specific affairs and therefore the employees workingwithin these branches have been trained to specialize in this particular field.

The different branches within Chevron's corporation portray theories brought up by Adam Smith.Smith believed that dividing labor into different branches, allowing workers to specialize in specifictasks and skill-sets, would lead to improved efficiency throughout the entire corporation.[170]

Chevron implements different responsibilities to different people based on their rank and whatbranch they work for. According to the bureaucratic control theory, this delegation strategy will helpkeep workers motivated and in good spirits, both important traits within a corporation.[169]

Internal culture

The corporation strives to achieve and maintain productivity throughout all branches of thecorporation, encouraging employees to develop the skills they need to succeed and to follow thecareer paths they desire. Chevron maintains a collaborative work experience, working with teams ofpeople from all over the world. Employees come from a variety of backgrounds most of them witheducation and background from one or more of the following categories: Engineering, Earth Science,Operations and Maintenance, Information Technology, Chemistry, Human Resources, Finance andAccounting, Health, Environment and Safety, or Sales and Marketing.[171]

Chevron also requires its employees to be trained in their specific employment duties, which drawson Weber's idea of specialization. So in order for employees to be efficient they must get training tobecome skilled in their specific duties. Chevron's new employees go through a 5-year extensivetraining program (Horizon) that helps them develop a "technical experience and job skills".[171]

Chevron encourages current employees to maintain and update their skills primarily throughon-the-job education programs. Chevron, through its new and current employee training programs, isportraying, according to Laurie Graham, the important company function of building a cooperativeteam environment.[172]

Chevron incentivizes their employees to be efficient and productive through compensation andbenefits. The incentive to receiving higher pay through a job promotion is obviously an employee'sbiggest motivation to work hard. However, Chevron offers a number of other compensation


17 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

incentives to be efficient including annual incentive awards when the company meets its establishedgoals, such as bonuses and salary raises. To decrease the risk of job turnover and to maintain apositive atmosphere the company offers a number of benefits including, but not limited to, retirementand savings plans, healthcare and dental plans, paid vacations and life insurance.[171]

External culture

Chevron maintains external culture deals primarily with its subsidiaries and its public investors. Bymerging with and acquiring other companies, Chevron is effectively expanding its enterprise, helpingit grow rapidly into new locations and new fields of work. Chevron performs most of its expansion bymerging with and acquiring new companies, allowing it to gain footholds in industries withoutcreating new subsidiaries from scratch. This exemplifies theory proposed by Chandler, in thatChevron by acquiring footholds in these new companies they are effectively entering into newgeographical areas and into similar markets.[173]

Chevron's biggest merger occurred between Chevron and Texaco, another large integrated energyand technology company. By merging with Texaco, Chevron gained access to all of Texaco'sresources ranging from offshore acreage in the Gulf of Mexico to the numerous gas stations Texacohad throughout the country. This merger allowed Chevron to expand geographically as well asfinancially.

Board of directors

[174]

John S. Watson (Chairman & CEO)George L. Kirkland (Vice Chairman)Linnet F. DeilyRobert DenhamRobert James EatonChuck HagelFranklyn JeniferEnrique Hernandez, Jr.Donald RiceKevin W. SharerCharles ShoemateJohn G. StumpfRonald SugarCarl Ware

Condoleezza Rice is a former member of the board of directors, and also headed Chevron'scommittee on public policy until she resigned on January 15, 2001, to become National SecurityAdvisor to President George W. Bush.

On September 30, 2009, John Watson, age 52, was elected Chairman of the Board and CEO,effective at the December 31, 2009 retirement of David J. O'Reilly.

Marketing brands

Fuel


18 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

The typical Chevron gas station designthat was used until 2006.

In 2006, Chevron began phasing in thisgas station design.

ChevronStandard Oil (in limited circumstances to holdtrademark on the name)TexacoCaltexUnocal (Upstream Business Only—Fuel stations areowned by Phillips 66[175])

Convenience stores

Star MartExtra MileRedwood MarketTown Pantry

Lubricants

Delo (sold by Caltex and Chevron)Havoline (sold by Caltex and Texaco)Revtex (sold by Caltex)Ursa (sold by Texaco)

Fuel additives

Techron—Chevron, Texaco (phased in during 2005), Caltex (phased in during 2006 and later)Clean System 3—Texaco (phased out during 2005 in favor of Techron)

See also

RAV4 EVPatent encumbrance of large automotive NiMH batteriesTexacoChevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.Gordon L. ParkJack 2Trans-Caribbean pipelinePico Canyon Oilfield

References

^ a b c "Company Profile"(http://www.chevron.com/about/leadership/).Chevron.com. Retrieved August 9, 2011.

1.

^ a b c d e f "Chevron Corp, Form 10-K, AnnualReport, Filing Date Feb 22, 2013"(http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1239/0000093410-13-000003.pdf).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

2.

^ Fortune 500, 2010 "America's LargestCorporations" (http://money.cnn.com

3.

/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/index.html). CNNmoney.com.^ CNN Money. "FORTUNE 500 Our annualranking of America's largest corporations"(http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2012/full_list/). Retrieved 24February 2013.

4.

^ "The World's Biggest Public Companies"(http://www.forbes.com/global2000/). Forbes.Retrieved June 6, 2011.

5.

^ "Chevron" (http://www.forbes.com6.


19 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

/companies/chevron/). Forbes. Retrieved June6, 2011.^ "Leading the Way" (http://www.chevron.com/about/leadership/history/1876/). chevron.com.Retrieved 2010-12-18.

7.

^ Baker, David R. (2005-05-10). "Chevrondrops the Texaco from its name"(http://articles.sfgate.com/2005-05-10/business/17371722_1_chevron-and-texaco-san-ramon-s-chevron-oil-industry). San FranciscoChronicle. Retrieved 2 May 2011.

8.

^ Chevron and Calso (http://www.uvm.edu/landscape/dating/gas_stations/calso_chevron.php)

9.

^ Whatever happened to Standard Oil?(http://www.us-highways.com/sohist.htm)

10.

^ Vintage Calso Gasoline / Standard Oil ofCalifornia pump (http://www.gaspumps.info/gallery/v/globes/Std+of+Cali/Calso+Gasoline.jpg.html)

11.

^ Peck, Merton J. & Scherer, Frederic M. TheWeapons Acquisition Process: An EconomicAnalysis (1962) Harvard Business Schoolp.619

12.

^ "The King of Giant Fields"(http://www.geoexpro.com/article/The_King_of_Giant_Fields/d311f583.aspx).Retrieved 5 june 2013.

13.

^ http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/business/news/chevron-acquires-kmart-property-in-moon-for-possible-regional-headquarters-685784/

14.

^ "Gulf Oil acquires brand rights for entireUS" (http://www.vermontbiz.com/news/january/gulf-oil-acquires-brand-rights-entire-us).Vermont Business Magazine. 2010-01-13.Retrieved 2010-05-05.

15.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report,Filing Date Jan 22, 1996"(http://edgar.secdatabase.com/914/9341096000002/filing-main.htm).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

16.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 10-Q, QuarterlyReport, Filing Date Nov 8, 1996"(http://edgar.secdatabase.com/923/9341096000011/filing-main.htm).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

17.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 10-Q, QuarterlyReport, Filing Date Aug 11, 1998"(http://edgar.secdatabase.com/597/9341098000018/filing-main.htm).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

18.

^ "Chevron to raise $940 million through saleof Dynegy stake" (http://www.bizjournals.com/eastbay/stories/2007/05/21/daily13.html).Business Journals. 2007-05-22. Retrieved 2

19.

May 2011.^ "Chevron Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report,Filing Date Mar 6, 2000"(http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1904/9341000000003/filing-main.htm).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

20.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report,Filing Date May 25, 2007"(http://pdf.secdatabase.com/623/0000950134-07-012387.pdf).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

21.

^ "Chevron's Profit Rises 24%, With HelpFrom Its Refineries" (http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9801E4D61430F93BA15754C0A9619C8B63). The New York Times.Reuters. 2007-07-28. Retrieved 2 May 2011.

22.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report,Filing Date Oct 16, 2000"(http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1915/9341000000014/filing-main.htm).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

23.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report,Filing Date Oct 9, 2001"(http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1067/0000950149-01-501502.pdf).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

24.

^ "Oil giant Chevron buys rival Texaco"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/973161.stm). BBC News. 2000-10-16.Retrieved 2 May 2011.

25.

^ "Chevron to Acquire Texaco"(http://www.thestreet.com/story/1126226/update-chevron-to-acquire-texaco.html). TheStreet.com. Retrieved 2 May 2011.

26.

^ Raine, George (2001-10-10). "The Chevron -Texaco Merger / An oil giant emergers /Shareholders approval of Chevron-Texaco dealcreates industy's lates behemoth."(http://articles.sfgate.com/2001-10-10/business/17620887_1_saudi-refining-kenneth-derr-dave-o-reilly). San Francisco Chronicle.Retrieved 2 May 2011.

27.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report,Filing Date May 10, 2005"(http://pdf.secdatabase.com/59/0000950149-05-000327.pdf).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

28.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report,Filing Date Apr 7, 2005"(http://edgar.secdatabase.com/1641/95013405007074/filing-main.htm).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

29.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report,Filing Date Aug 10, 2005"(http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1100/0000950134-05-015530.pdf).

30.


20 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.^ Baker, David R. (2005-04-05). "Chevronplans to buy Unocal for $18.4 billion / Dealwould bolster East Bay oil giant's strategicallylocated sources of gas, crude"(http://articles.sfgate.com/2005-04-05/news/17368730_1_dave-o-reilly-chevrontexaco-gas-reserves-natural-gas). SanFrancisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2 May 2011.

31.

^ Blum, Justin (2005-08-11). "ShareholdersVote in Favor Of Unocal Acquisition"(http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/10/AR2005081000986.html). The WashingtonPost. Retrieved 2 May 2011.

32.

^ "Chevron claims energy debate"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4716334.stm). BBC News. 2006-02-19.Retrieved 2009-12-31.

33.

^ "Eastern Withdrawal for Chevron | CSPDaily News / Magazine | Petroleum - CSPInformation Group, Inc. - news for convenience& petroleum retailing" (http://www.cspnet.com/ME2/Audiences/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=Publishing&mod=Publications::Article&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=807613D32D8C4FC3B85631A0224C0EC5&AudID=CBA745B91AFB44FA923476ACBBD040A5). Cspnet.com. 2009-12-07. Retrieved2011-02-16.

34.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form DFAN14A, FilingDate Nov 9, 2010"(http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2361/95012310102884/filing-main.htm).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

35.

^ Kaplan, Thomas (2010-11-09). "Chevron toBuy Atlas Energy for $4.3 Billion"(http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2010/11/09/chevron-to-buy-atlas-energy-for-3-billion/).The New York Times. Retrieved 2 May 2011.

36.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 10-K, Annual Report,Filing Date Feb 24, 2011"(http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2470/95012311017688/filing-main.htm).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

37.

^ "Chevron and Los Alamos Jointly ResearchOil Shale Hydrocarbon Recovery"(http://www.greencarcongress.com/2006/09/chevron_and_los.html). Green Car Congress.2006-09-25. Retrieved 2009-04-12.

38.

^ "Interior Department Issues Oil ShaleResearch, Development and DemonstrationLeases for Public Lands in Colorado"

39.

(http://www.blm.gov/co/st/en/BLM_Information/newsroom/2006/OilShaleLeaseIssue.html)(Press release). Bureau of Land Management.2006-12-15. Retrieved 2009-04-12.^ "Chevron leaving Western Slope oil shaleproject" (http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/news/2012/02/28/chevron-leaving-western-slope-project.html). Denver Business Journal.2012-02-28. Retrieved 2012-03-12.

40.

^ a b "e10vk" (http://sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/93410/000095012311017688/f56670e10vk.htm). Sec.gov. Retrieved2012-07-23.

41.

^ Robert V. Droz. "Standard Oil Today"(http://www.us-highways.com/sohist1999.htm).Us-highways.com. Retrieved 2011-02-16.

42.

^ "Latest Status Info" (http://tarr.uspto.gov/servlet/tarr?regser=serial&entry=78800163).Tarr.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

43.

^ "Latest Status Info" (http://tarr.uspto.gov/servlet/tarr?regser=serial&entry=75551101).Tarr.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

44.

^ "Chevron: SEC Filings"(http://investor.chevron.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=130102&p=irol-SECText&TEXT=aHR0cDovL2lyLmludC53ZXN0bGF3YnVzaW5lc3MuY29tL2RvY3VtZW50L3YxLzAwMDA5NTAxMjMtMTEtMDE3Njg4L3htbA%3d%3d). Investor.chevron.com. Retrieved2012-07-23.

45.

^ Marinucci, Carla (2001-05-05). "Chevronredubs ship named for Bush aide"(http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2001/05/05/MN223743.DTL). SanFrancisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-10-13.

46.

^ "Gemini Voyager - IMO 9174218 - VesselDetails" (https://www.q88.com/ViewShip.aspx?id=DBA02452A83AD234&vessel=Gemini%20Voyager). Q88.com.Retrieved 2012-07-23.

47.

^ "Oregon Voyager - IMO 9144914 - VesselDetails" (https://www.q88.com/ViewShip.aspx?id=769776E0302E9E5FAE8650DDF48C3D24&vessel=Oregon%20Voyager). Q88.com.Retrieved 2012-07-23.

48.

^ "The Voluntary Principles on Security andHuman Rights - Participants"(http://www.voluntaryprinciples.org/participants/index.php). Secretariat for theVoluntary Principles on Security and HumanRights.

49.

^ "UPDATE 3-Chevron starts Blind Faith oilproduction" (http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/11/12/chevron-blindfaith-idUSN1230146820081112). Reuters.

50.


21 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

2008-11-12.^ "On a Wing and a Prayer: Chevron's DeepWell" (http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/17/on-a-wing-and-a-prayer-chevrons-deep-well/). The New York Times. 2010-06-17.

51.

^ "Chevron starts pumping from $4.7B Tahitiplatform" (http://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/Chevron-starts-pumping-from-4-7B-Tahiti-platform-1725880.php).Houston Chronicle. Bloomberg News.2009-05-06. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

52.

^ "Chevron Corp, Form 8-K, Current Report,Filing Date Jan 27, 2006"(http://pdf.secdatabase.com/194/0000950134-06-001295.pdf).secdatabase.com. Retrieved Mar 24, 2013.

53.

^ Perin, Monica (2006-01-04). "Chevron,Anadarko outline Big Foot oil discovery"(http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2006/01/02/daily11.html).

54.

^ http://www.stockmarketsreview.com/news/72896. Missing or empty |title= (help)

55.

^ Brett Clanton (2010-10-20). "Chevron plansfloating city of deep-water wells in Gulf"(http://www.chron.com/business/article/Chevron-plans-floating-city-of-deep-water-wells-1711873.php). Houston Chronicle.Retrieved 2012-07-23.

56.

^ http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20110906-716568.html. Missing or empty|title= (help)

57.

^ "Heavy Oil of the Kern River Oil Field"(http://www.getreallist.com/heavy-oil-of-the-kern-river-oil-field.html). GetRealList.2011-06-24. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

58.

^ Mouawad, Jad (2007-03-05). "OilInnovations Pump New Life Into Old Wells"(http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/05/business/05oil1.html?pagewanted=all). The New YorkTimes.

59.

^ "Chevron leveraging information technologyto optimize thermal production of heavy oilwith increased recovery and reduced costs"(http://www.greencarcongress.com/2011/06/chevron-20110623.html). Green Car Congress.2011-06-23. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

60.

^ SPE Digital Energy, 2007(http://www.oilit.com/1_tw/2007_contents/0705_SPEDigitalEnergy_contents.pdf)

61.

^ Copeland, Michael V. (2009-03-20). "3-Dgets down to business" (http://money.cnn.com/2009/03/20/technology/copeland_3d.fortune/index.htm). CNN.

62.

^ Korosec, Kirsten (2011-10-03). "Chevronuses solar power to produce more oil"(http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-

63.

energy/chevron-uses-solar-power-to-produce-more-oil/9302). SmartPlanet. Retrieved2012-07-23.^ "PERMIAN BASIN | The Handbook ofTexas Online| Texas State HistoricalAssociation (TSHA)"(http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ryp02). Tshaonline.org. Retrieved2012-07-23.

64.

^ Ordonez, Isabel (2011-04-08). "ChevronRekindles Old Texas Flame"(http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704530204576232663668256674.html). The Wall Street Journal.

65.

^ "Chevron celebrates 5 billion barrels ofPermian Basin crude - Mywesttexas.com:Local Newsroom"(http://www.mywesttexas.com/local_newsroom/article_6bffed75-f616-58fa-9ef6-428fd17c5b11.html). Mywesttexas.com.2011-02-16. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

66.

^ Marcellus Shale Gas: New Research ResultsSurprise Geologists! (http://geology.com/articles/marcellus-shale.shtml)

67.

^ "Chevron bets on shale gas with $3.2 billionAtlas buy" (http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/11/09/us-atlas-chevron-idUSTRE6A826520101109). Reuters.2010-11-09.

68.

^ "Chevron Continues Aggressive Expansioninto Marcellus Shale in PA – Buys Leases forAdditional 228K Acres from Chief Oil & Gas |Marcellus Drilling News"(http://marcellusdrilling.com/2011/05/chevron-continues-aggressive-expansion-into-marcellus-shale-in-pa-buys-leases-for-additional-228k-acres-from-chief-oil-gas/).Marcellusdrilling.com. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

69.

^ "Analysis & Projections - U.S. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA) - U.S. EnergyInformation Administration (EIA)"(http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/usshalegas/). Eia.gov. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

70.

^ http://marcelluscoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Final-2011-PA-Marcellus-Economic-Impacts.pdf

71.

^ Garrett, Geoffrey (2011-08-13). "Why thislove triangle works"(http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/why-this-love-triangle-works/story-e6frg6ux-1226114041986). The Australian.

72.

^ "Chevron's Gorgon project taking shape |Latest Business & Australian Stock marketNews" (http://www.perthnow.com.au/business/local-business/chevrons-gorgon-project-taking-shape/story-e6frg2s3-1225998797048). Perth

73.


22 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

Now. 2011-02-02. Retrieved 2012-07-23.^ Burrell, Andrew (2011-06-15). "Chevron'sWheatstone LNG project to generate 6,500jobs, says Roy Krzywosinski"(http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/business-old/chevron-lng-project-to-generate-6500-jobs-says-roy-krzywosinski/story-e6frg9ef-1226075619209). The Australian.

74.

^ "Chevron Announces First Gas fromAustralian North West Shelf Train 5 Facility -LNG Carriers" (http://www.gulfoilandgas.com/webpro1/MAIN/Mainnews.asp?id=6471).Gulfoilandgas.com. 2008-01-09. Retrieved2012-07-23.

75.

^ "No reason for doubt on Browse: Coleman -The West Australian"(http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/business/a/-/wa/10885947/no-reason-for-doubt-on-browse-coleman). Au.news.yahoo.com.2011-10-27. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

76.

^ "Browse LNG Project, Kimberley"(http://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/browse). Hydrocarbons Technology.2011-06-15. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

77.

^ http://conference2011.gbcimpact.org/awards/Case%20Studies/workplace/chevron_commended_casestudy.pdf

78.

^ "Escravos Gas-to-Liquids Project, NigerDelta" (http://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/escravos/).Hydrocarbons Technology. 2011-06-15.Retrieved 2012-07-23.

79.

^ "Chevron, Total et al Prepare to Dive intoUsan Project Offshore Nigeria"(http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=57520). Rigzone.2008-02-28. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

80.

^ Gray, Sherry (2009-05-26). "Chevron,USAID Pledge $50 Million to Improve LivingStandards in Nigeria - Global Notes"(http://blog.lib.umn.edu/gpa/globalnotes/2011/02/chevron-usaid-pledge-50-millio.php).Blog.lib.umn.edu. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

81.

^ "Chevron Foundation Gives Millions inNiger Delta" (http://www.petroleumafrica.com/en/newsarticle.php?NewsID=11069).Petroleumafrica.com. 2011-02-18. Retrieved2012-07-23.

82.

^ "Chevron Corporation (CVX) StockDescription" (http://seekingalpha.com/symbol/cvx/description). Seeking Alpha. 2009-12-31.Retrieved 2012-07-23.

83.

^ a b "Angola LNG" (http://www.angola-today.com/2011/05/angola-lng/). AngolaToday. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

84.

^ Speculations, Great. Forbes85.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2011/10/13/chevron-rises-to-104-as-kazakhstan-kicks-up-production/ |url=missing title (help).^ "TengizChevrOil (TCO) Sour Gas Injectionand Second" (http://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/tengiz_chevr_oil).Hydrocarbons Technology. 2011-06-15.Retrieved 2012-07-23.

86.

^ Gizitdinov, Nariman (2010-07-21). "Oil inKazakhstan May Be Too Rich for Tax to DeterChevron: Energy Markets"(http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-20/oil-in-kazakhstan-may-be-too-rich-for-tax-to-deter-chevron-energy-markets.html).Bloomberg L.P.

87.

^ "Caspian Pipeline Consortium: PrivateCompany Information - Businessweek"(http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=2414376).Investing.businessweek.com. 2011-09-20.Retrieved 2012-07-23.

88.

^ Paton, James (2011-08-22). "CaltexAustralia Starts Review of Refineries asMargins Drop" (http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-22/caltex-australia-starts-review-of-refineries-as-margins-drop.html).Bloomberg L.P.

89.

^ Tanveer Ahmed (2010-07-01). "PSO willingto raise stakes in PRL"(http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010%5C07%5C01%5Cstory_1-7-2010_pg5_5). 'Daily Times. Retrieved2012-07-23.

90.

^ "N.Z. Refining Jumps After Valero Said toPlan Bid (Update2)"(http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a84KLWmavpMw). Bloomberg L.P.2009-07-24.

91.

^ "Refining Crude Oil - Energy Explained,Your Guide To Understanding Energy"(http://www.eia.gov/neic/rankings/refineries.htm). Eia.gov. Retrieved2012-07-23.

92.

^ "e10vk" (http://sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/93410/000095012311017688/f56670e10vk.htm#F56670118). Sec.gov.Retrieved 2012-07-23.

93.

^ Swartz, Jon (2011-05-26). "Big companiesaggressively jump into clean tech"(http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2011-05-25-green-tech-investing_n.htm). USA Today.

94.

^ Francisco, San (2011-07-05). "South San95.


23 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

Francisco Unified starts work on solar project"(http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/morning_call/2011/07/south-san-francisco-unified-in-solar.html).^ Hsu, Tiffany (2010-03-22). "Chevron isputting solar technologies to the test"(http://articles.latimes.com/2010/mar/22/business/la-fi-chevron-solar22-2010mar22). Los Angeles Times.

96.

^ "Chevron Sells Hybrid Battery Stake toBosch, Samsung (Update1)"(http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a.PCfnJitb.4). Bloomberg L.P.2009-07-13.

97.

^ "Harnessing the Heat of Indonesia'sVolcanoes" (http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/harnessing-the-heat-of-indonesias-volcanoes-07072011.html). Businessweek.2011-07-07. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

98.

^ "Chevron bets on $30B volcanoes beneathrainforest | Investing | Financial Post"(http://business.financialpost.com/2011/06/15/chevron-bets-on-30b-volcanoes-beneath-rainforest/). Business.financialpost.com.2011-06-15. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

99.

^ "Chevron to expand its geothermal sites inthe Philippines | Think GeoEnergy -Geothermal Energy News"(http://thinkgeoenergy.com/archives/2060).Think GeoEnergy. 2010-06-21. Retrieved2012-07-23.

100.

^ Aboitiz, Chevron eye more drillings atTiwi-Makban geothermal fields(http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=486185&publicationSubCategoryId=66)

101.

^ http://investor.shareholder.com/ovonics/secfiling.cfm?filingID=950123-10-82515

102.


103.


104.


105.


106.

^ Scanlon, Mavis (2006-05-31). "Chevronforms biofuels unit"(http://www.bizjournals.com/eastbay/stories/2006/05/29/daily11.html?jst=b_ln_hl).

107.

^ "Chevron backs green and slimy answer tobiofuel problems - 02 Nov 2007 - News from"(http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/1801081/chevron-backs-green-slimy-answer-biofuel). BusinessGreen. Retrieved

108.

2012-07-23.^ "Chevron investigates wood-fired cars - 04Mar 2008 - News from"(http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/1806482/chevron-investigates-wood-fired-cars). BusinessGreen. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

109.

^ "Chevron forms $12M biofuel researchalliance" (http://www.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2006/06/12/daily34.html?jst=b_ln_hl). 2006-06-15.

110.

^ "BioSelect, Chevron unveil Galvestonbiodiesel plant" (http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2007/05/28/daily4.html).2007-05-29.

111.

^ "Solar farm a sign of things to come |UTSanDiego.com"(http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/apr/20/solar-farm-a-sign-of-things-to-come/).Signonsandiego.com. 2011-04-20. Retrieved2012-07-23.

112.

^ "Chevron adds solar power to area mine"(http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Resources/2010/02/24/Chevron-adds-solar-power-to-area-mine/UPI-34411267019597).UPI.com. 2010-02-24. Retrieved 2012-07-23.

113.

^ Jeff St. John (2009-08-26). "The ABC's ofEnergy Efficiency, Postal Style"(http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/the-abcs-of-energy-efficiency-postal-style/). Greentech Media. Retrieved2012-07-23.

114.

^ Chomsky, Noam (1999). Year 501: theConquest Continues. South End Press.ISBN 0-89608-444-2.

115.

^ [1] (http://www2.hawaii.edu/~gramlich/caltex/financials)

116.

^ Johnston, David C. (2003). Perfectly Legal.New York: Penguin Group. pp. 253–255.ISBN 1-59184-069-4.

117.

^ ChevronTexaco evaded $3.25 billion in taxes- report. - Sep. 13, 2002 (http://money.cnn.com/2002/09/13/news/companies/chevron_texaco/index.htm)

118.

^ 07/03/2008. "5 Things You Need to KnowAbout Nickel-Metal-Hybrid Batteries"(http://www.greencar.com/article/nickel-metal-hybrid-batteries/). Green Car Journal.Retrieved 2011-02-16.

119.

^ "Inventor of the Week: Archive"(http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/ovshinsky.html).MIT. Retrieved 2011-02-16.

120.

^ Roberson, J. (March 14, 2007) "SupplierCobasys exploring more hybrid batteries"(http://oesa.org/publications/articledetail.php?articleId=6528) Detroit FreePress

121.


24 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

^ ECD Ovonics Definitive Proxy Statement(http://investor.shareholder.com/ovonics/secfiling.cfm?filingID=32878-03-4) of January15, 2003

122.

^ ECD Ovonics Amended General Statementof Beneficial Ownership(http://investor.shareholder.com/ovonics/secfiling.cfm?filingID=950134-04-18744) ofDecember 2, 2004

123.

^ ECD Ovonics 10-Q Quarterly Report(http://investor.shareholder.com/ovonics/secfiling.cfm?filingID=32878-07-93) for theperiod ending September 30, 2007

124.

^ a b ECD Ovonics 10-Q Quarterly Report(http://investor.shareholder.com/ovonics/secfiling.cfm?filingID=32878-08-30) for theperiod ending March 31, 2008

125.

^ Boschert, S. (2007) Plug-in Hybrids: TheCars that Will Recharge America(http://www.newsociety.com/bookid/3934)(Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers)ISBN 978-0-86571-571-4

126.

^ Brigis, Alvis (2008-10-14). "The Edison ofour Age: Stan Ovshinsky and the Future ofEnergy [Video Interview Part 1]"(http://www.theenergyroadmap.com/futureblogger/show/1030-stanford-ovshinsky-and-the-future-of-energy-interview-part-1). TheEnergy Roadmap. Retrieved 2011-02-16.

127.

^ Abuelsamid, S. (December 6, 2006)"Cobasys providing NiMH batteries for SaturnAura hybrid" (http://www.autobloggreen.com/2006/12/05/cobasys-providing-nimh-batteries-for-saturn-aura-hybrid/) Autobloggreen.com

128.

^ "Mercedes sues Cobasys over battery deal"(http://www.autonews.com/article/20080806/COPY/865460934) Automotive News Europe

129.

^ Bogumil Terminski, Oil-InducedDisplacement and Resettlement: SocialProblem and Human RightsIssue,http://www.conflictrecovery.org/bin/Bogumil_Terminski-Oil-Induced_Displacement_and_Resettlement_Social_Problem_and_Human_Rights_Issue.pdf

130.

^ a b Chevron Corporation 2008 AnnualShareholders' Report.

131.

^ Font size Print E-mail Share 130 CommentsPage 2 of 4 (2009-05-03). "60 Minutes"Amazon Crude", May 3, 2009"(http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/05/01/60minutes/main4983549_page2.shtml).CBS News. Retrieved 2011-02-16.

132.

^ Chevron annual meeting heats up overEcuador suit (http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iNPvoaeRVTkddUP7ZvrTSgGmp1HQD98EU2F00)

133.

^ a b c d "Finally, the polluter is commanded topay". The Independent (London). 16 February2011. p. 2.

134.

^ a b c d "Chevron fined for Amazon pollutionby Ecuador court" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12460333). BBCNews. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 15February 2011.

135.

^ a b "Ecuador court orders Chevron to pay $8bln -lawyer" (http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/14/ecuador-chevron-plaintiff-idUSN149620320110214). Reuters. 15February 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.

136.

^ "Texaco faces $1bn lawsuit"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3212698.stm). BBC News. 22 October 2003.Retrieved 22 October 2003.

137.

^ a b "Ecuador plaintiffs say Chevron rulingfalls short" (http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/15/ecuador-chevron-idUSN1512378020110215). Reuters. 15February 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.

138.

^ "Environmental Justice Case Study:Richmond, CA" (http://www.umich.edu/~snre492/sherman.html). University ofMichigan. 1994-06-02. Retrieved 2011-02-16.

139.

^ "Chevron Richmond Refinery to Pay$540,000 Environmental Penalty | Newsroom |[[US EPA]]" (http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/34cef4854b892b8b8525645a004de9a4/fb476240c30ba96b852570d8005e12e0!OpenDocument). Yosemite.epa.gov. 1998-10-15.Retrieved 2011-02-16. Wikilink embedded inURL title (help)

140.

^ Responsible Shopper Profile: Chevron(http://www.coopamerica.org/programs/rs/profile.cfm?id=201)

141.

^ "Question Your Goods. Vote With YourWallet" (http://knowmore.org/index.php/Chevron_Texaco_Corporation).Knowmore.org. Retrieved 2011-02-16.

142.

^ "Standing Up To Big Oil"(http://www.radioproject.org/2010/12/standing-up-to-big-oil/) [[Making Contact (radioprogram)|]], produced by National RadioProject. December 14, 2010.

143.

^ a b "Environmental Protection Agency"(http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/b1ab9f485b098972852562e7004dc686/0fd3f9216a2c5fbf85256dc10054c376?OpenDocument). 2003-10-16. Retrieved 2008-05-06.

144.

^ "Department of Justice"(http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2003/October/03_enrd_575.htm). 2003-10-16. Retrieved

145.


25 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

2008-05-06.^ a b "Chevron Agrees to Record $7 MillionEnvironmental Settlement"(http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2000/August/493enrd.htm). 2000-08-11. Retrieved2008-05-06.

146.

^ Baker, David R. (2006-03-22). "Quest forclean energy / Chevron, PG&E cited forpositive steps to combat global warming"(http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2006/03/22/BUGKPHRTJ71.DTL&type=business).San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved2011-02-16.

147.

^ "Chevron violated terms of environmentalclearance from govt"(http://www.bangladeshnews.com.bd/2008/05/06/chevron-violated-terms-of-environmental-clearance-from-govt).BangladeshNews.com.bd. 2008-05-06.Retrieved 10 May 2011.

148.

^ a b "US embassy cables: Iraqi PM claims USoil company in contact with Iran"(http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/198250). London:Guardian.co.uk. 2010-12-15. Retrieved2011-02-16.

149.

^ Ewen MacAskill (2010-12-15). "WikiLeakscables: Chevron discussed oil project withTehran, claims Iraqi PM"(http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/15/wikileaks-chevron-iran-iraq-oilfield-claim).The Guardian (London). Retrieved2011-02-16.

150.

^ Chevron Takes Responsibility for Brazil OilSpill, May Face $51M Fine(http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/11/21/chevron-takes-responsibility-for-brazil-oil-spill-may-face-51m-fine/)

151.

^ Chevron takes full responsibility for Braziloil spill spill (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-15813671)20.11.2011

152.

^ Chevron faces $10.6bn Brazil legal suit overoil spill. On March 16, 2012 the BrazilianFederal Justice prohibited 17 key people(including George Buck and other foreigners)connected to Chevron Brazil from leaving thecountry without judicial permission because ofevident guilt on the 2011 oil spills.(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-16192321) 14.12.2011

153.

^ Schmidt, Kathrine (2012-01-17). "Chevronprepares to drill Nigeria relief well"(http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article298359.ece). Upstream Online

154.

(NHST Media Group). (subscription required).Retrieved 2012-01-24.^ Chevron donates $2.5 million to GOP superPAC (http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/election-2012/wp/2012/10/26/chevron-donates-2-5-million-to-gop-super-pac/)

155.

^ a b c "Transcript of Drilling and KillingDocumentary" (http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=03/07/11/2326226). DemocracyNow!. Retrieved 2011-02-16.

156.

^ "Nigerians pull half of claims in Chevronsuit" (http://www.pointoflaw.com/archives/2008/04/nigerians-pull-half-of-claims.php).Walter Olson, Manhattan Institute'sPointoflaw.com. Published April 7, 2008. Lastaccessed April 8, 2008.

157.

^ "Human Rights by Country"(http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/nigeria/index.do). Amnesty International. 2008-10-06.Retrieved 2011-02-16.

158.

^ Egelko, Bob (August 15, 2007). "Chevroncan be sued for attacks on Nigerians, U.S.judge rules" (http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/08/15/BAGVPRJ1QK5.DTL). The San FranciscoChronicle.

159.

^ Nigerians pull half of claims in Chevron suit(http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/03/11/BUMAVHSSU.DTL), BobEgelko, San Francisco Chronicle. March 12,2008.

160.

^ S.F. jury clears Chevron of protest shootings(http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/12/02/BUR014FG4P.DTL). BobEgelko, San Francisco Chronicle. PublishedDecember 2, 2008. Accessed December 3,2008.

161.

^ AfricaResource.com - Chevron, OilPollution, and Human Rights(http://www.africaresource.com/content/view/46/68/)

162.

^ "Business | Angola fines Chevron forpollution" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2077836.stm). BBC News. 2002-07-01.Retrieved 2011-02-16.

163.

^ McClelland, Colin (2010-08-20). "ChevronProbes Spill in Angola's Cabinda Area AfterOil Washes Up on Beach"(http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-20/chevron-probes-spill-in-angola-s-cabinda-area-after-oil-washes-up-on-beach.html#).Bloomberg L.P.

164.

^ a b Baker, David R. (March 22, 2006)."Quest for clean energy / Chevron, PG&Ecited for positive steps to combat globalwarming" (http://www.sfgate.com/business

165.


26 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

/article/Quest-for-clean-energy-Chevron-PG-E-cited-for-2501311.php). The SanFrancisco Chronicle.^ "Stories" (http://www.chevron.com/Stories/#/stories/re_geo/geo_ov/). Chevron.2007-09-29. Retrieved 2011-02-16.

166.

^ Chambers, Matt (2010-11-03). "Chevronconsiders floating LNG plant"(http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/chevron-considers-floating-lng-plant/story-e6frg8zx-1225946919561). The Australian.

167.

^ Weber, Max. Economy and Society.University of California Press.

168.

^ a b Edwards, Richard (1979). ContestedTerrain. New York: Basic Books. pp. 4–36.

169.

^ Smith, Adam (1776). The Wealth of Nations.Penguin Books.

170.

^ a b c "Chevron United States"171.

(http://careers.chevron.com/global_operations/country_operations/united_states/default.aspx). Chevron. Retrieved2012-10-18.^ Graham, Laurie (May 1993). "Inside aJapanese Transplant A Critical Perspective".Sage Journals. Work and Occupations 20 (2):147–173.

172.

^ Chandler, Alfred (Winter 1991). "TheFunctions of the HQ Unit in the MultibusinessFirm". Strategic Management Journal 12(Special Issue): 31–50.

173.

^ "As of May 2011" (http://www.chevron.com/about/leadership/boardofdirectors). ChevronCorporation. Retrieved 30 June 2011.

174.

^ "Conoco Phillips Products & Services"(http://www.conocophillips.com/EN/products/consumer/brands_domestic/Pages/index.aspx).Products Site. Retrieved 3 August 2011.

175.

External links

Chevron Corporate Site (http://www.chevron.com/)Chevron CVX on NYSE (http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/cvx.html)Chevron Proposed Oil Refinery in Scotland (http://www.virtualhunterston.eu.org/proposedrefinery.htm)SWOT Analysis of Chevron Corporation (http://www.livebiznews.com/fortune-global-companies/petroleum-refining/chevron-corporation/chevron-corporation-swot-analysis/)Chevron Corporate SEC Filings (http://www.secdatabase.com/CIK/93410/Company-Name/CHEVRON-CORP)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chevron_Corporation&oldid=558611101"Categories: 1984 establishments in the United States Algal fuel producersAutomotive companies of the United States Automotive fuel brandsChemical companies of the United States Chevron CorporationCompanies based in Contra Costa County, California Companies established in 1984Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial AverageCompanies listed on the New York Stock Exchange Financial District, San FranciscoGas stations in Canada Multinational oil companiesMultinational companies headquartered in the United States Oil companies of the United StatesPeabody Award winners Convenience stores of the United StatesGas stations of the United States

This page was last modified on 6 June 2013 at 14:42.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additionalterms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profitorganization.


27 of 27 08/06/2013 9:00

chevron corporation - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Documents

coast oil

oil spills

componentindustry oil

oil discovery

website chevron

chevronproductsrevenue

operatingincome us

headquarters san ramon