Children’s analysis

PSB Annual Report December 2014

Ofcom’s duties

• Ofcom is required to consider whether the PSB services, taken together, include what appears to Ofcom to be “a suitable quantity and range of high quality and original programmes for children and young people.” (s264(6)(h)).

• The Communications Act provides that Ofcom is no longer responsible for ensuring that an individual commercial PSB fulfils a set number of hours of children’s programming.

• It is for PSBs themselves to decide what to deliver in terms of children’s programming, as well as other programme types such as arts programmes: the so-called ‘Tier 3 genres’.

1

2

Notes on the data

PSB channels

– ITV includes GMTV unless otherwise stated. Data for S4C is shown in a separate section, apart from S4C’s children’s output which is included within the children’s section of the report.

– GMTV became Daybreak during 2010; the data relating to both services are labelled as ‘ITV Breakfast’ throughout this pack.

Spend data

– Programme spend represents the total cost of production or acquisition, including rights costs but excluding third party investment. In the case of commissions, it represents the price paid to the independent producer (and therefore includes a mark-up on production costs).

– Trend data showing programme costs over a number of years is given in 2013 prices (i.e. taking account of inflation, using the Consumer Price Index).

Definition of ‘slot time’ vs. ‘running time’

– Output hours are either based on slot time or running time. Slot time includes advertisements, sponsorship breaks and promos whereas running time excludes these minutes from programme output hours analysis. It is stated beneath each chart in this annex whether slot time or running time is used in the analysis.

16.2 16.0

17.6 17.2

16.6

15.7

16.9 16.5

18.3 17.5

16.8 16.4

15.5 15.6

16.9 16.7

16.4

14.9

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Children

Children 4-9

Children 10-15

Average hours of weekly viewing, by age

Average weekly viewing (hrs, mins)

Source: BARB, 2008-2013.

3

4

17% 15% 15% 14% 14% 12%

22% 21% 20% 19% 18% 18%

10% 10% 12% 13% 13% 13%

10% 12% 12% 13% 13% 15%

41% 42% 40% 41% 42% 43%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Commercial multichannel(e.g. Sky One, Disney)

Commercial PSBs' portfoliochannels

BBC portfolio channels

Commercial PSB channels

BBC One & BBC Two

Source: BARB, Children 4-15, Network.

Cha

nnel

sha

re (%

)

Children’s total weekly viewing, by channel type – Children 4-15: 2008-2013

16.2 16.0 17.6 17.2 16.6 15.7 Average hours/week

5

4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 8% 8% 10% 10% 10% 10%

21% 22% 20% 21% 22% 24%

36% 34% 34% 32% 31% 30%

32% 34% 34% 34% 35% 35%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Adult airtime: all otherchannels

Adult airtime: mainPSB channels

All other children'schannels

CBBC/ CBeebies

Kids airtime: mainPSB channels

Cha

nnel

sha

re (%

)

Children’s total weekly viewing in ‘adult’ and children’s airtime, children 4-15: 2008-2013

16.2 16.0 17.6 17.2 16.6 15.7 Average hours/week

Source: BARB, Children 4-15, Network. Children’s airtime slots taken to calculate ‘Children’s airtime – Main five PSB channels’ vary from year to year and may vary throughout a specific year, therefore approximations have been taken.

6

Dedicated children’s channels, by platform: 2013

Source: BARB 2013/Ofcom broadcaster returns. Reflects channels that were transmitting/part-transmitting during 2013.

Channel ITV Chan

nel 4

GMTV

S4C

CBBC

Cbee

bies

CITV

Baby

TVBa

by Fi

rst TV

Boom

erang

Boom

erang

+1Ca

rtoon

Netw

ork

Carto

on Ne

twor

k Too

Carto

onito

Disne

y Cha

nnel

Disne

y Cha

nnel

+1Dis

ney C

inema

gicDis

ney C

inema

gic +1

Disne

y Jun

iorDis

ney J

unior

Plus

Disne

y XD

Disne

y XD +

1Nic

k Jr

Nick J

r+1

Nick J

r 2Nic

kelod

eon

Nicke

lodeo

n+1

Nickto

ons

Kix!

Kix+

Kix+1

POP

Pop G

irlPo

p Girl

+1Tin

y Pop

Tiny P

op+1

True E

nterta

inmen

t

FreePay

Owner

ITV pl

c, SM

G plc,

UTV p

lc, Ch

anne

l TV p

lcCh

anne

l 4 Co

rpor

ation

ITV Br

eakfa

st Br

oadc

asting

Ltd

Wels

h Fou

rth Ch

anne

l Auth

ority

Britis

h Bro

adca

sting

Corp

orati

onBr

itish B

road

casti

ng Co

rpor

ation

ITV pl

cBa

by Ne

twor

k Ltd

BFTV

Limite

dTu

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Broa

dcast

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rner

Broa

dcast

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rner

Broa

dcast

ingTu

rner

Broa

dcast

ingTu

rner

Broa

dcast

ingTh

e Walt

Disn

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mpan

yTh

e Walt

Disn

ey Co

mpan

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e Walt

Disn

ey Co

mpan

yTh

e Walt

Disn

ey Co

mpan

yTh

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Disn

ey Co

mpan

yTh

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Disn

ey Co

mpan

yTh

e Walt

Disn

ey Co

mpan

yTh

e Walt

Disn

ey Co

mpan

yVia

com

Viaco

mVia

com

Viaco

mVia

com

Viaco

mCS

C Med

ia Gr

oup L

tdCS

C Med

ia Gr

oup L

tdCS

C Med

ia Gr

oup L

tdCS

C Med

ia Gr

oup L

tdCS

C Med

ia Gr

oup L

tdCS

C Med

ia Gr

oup L

tdCS

C Med

ia Gr

oup L

tdCS

C Med

ia Gr

oup L

tdCS

C Med

ia Gr

oup L

td

PSB main channels

PSB children’s channels

Commercial children’s channels

Share of viewing to the children’s genre, by channel group: 2008 vs. 2013

7

Source: BARB. Children 4-15, 2008-2009: Network Plus/2010+: Network. Network programming based on 4+ area filter. Based on total minutes of viewing to the genre.

12% 4%

11% 4%

15% 2%

27% 33%

27% 34%

27%

32%

6% 8% 6% 8% 5% 7%

55% 56% 56% 54% 53% 60%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2008 2013 2008 2013 2008 2013

Other multichannels

Commercial PSBs'portfolio channels

BBC portfolio channels

Main Five PSB channels

Children Children 4-9 Children 10-15

4.3 4.3 6.3 6.2 2.5 2.3 Hours per child/week

8

PSB spend, children’s genre, all hours: 1998-2013

Source: Ofcom/broadcasters. Note: figures are expressed in 2013 prices. ITV includes ITV Breakfast. BBC channels do not include BBC HD. CITV is excluded.

£70m £75m £73m £72m

£117m £108m £124m

£113m £89m

£101m £102m £110m £106m £105m £91m £94m

£83m £86m £85m £84m

£75m £71m

£70m

£53m

£48m £23m £19m £14m

£6m £4m

£4m £5m

£152m £161m £158m £156m

£192m £179m

£193m

£166m

£137m

£124m £121m £123m £113m £108m

£95m £98m

£0m

£20m

£40m

£60m

£80m

£100m

£120m

£140m

£160m

£180m

£200m

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

BBC ITV/ITV Breakfast, C4, C5

Launch of CBBC and CBeebies

8

9

PSB spend, children’s genre, first-run hours: 1998-2013

Source: Ofcom/broadcasters. Note: figures are expressed in 2013 prices. ITV includes ITV Breakfast. BBC channels do not include BBC HD. CITV is excluded.

£58m £62m £60m £59m

£100m £94m £109m

£99m

£78m £85m £89m £95m £92m £91m £82m £84m

£68m £71m £73m £73m

£63m £58m

£48m

£39m

£33m £14m £13m £9m

£3m £2m £3m £3m

£126m £133m £134m £131m

£163m

£151m £156m

£138m

£111m

£99m £102m £104m £95m £93m

£85m £87m

£0m

£20m

£40m

£60m

£80m

£100m

£120m

£140m

£160m

£180m

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

BBC ITV/ITV Breakfast, C4, C5Launch of CBBC

and CBeebies

9

10

PSB output, children’s genre, all hours: 1998-2013

Source: Ofcom/broadcasters. Note: CITV and S4C are excluded. Based on slot time

10 10

741 852 902 895 847 809 737 797 516 546 491 497 469 488 459 5

791 830 884 1,038 1,237 1,301 1,432 1,251 1,454 1,725 1,696 1,740 1,751 1,840 1,848

12

1,005 1,055 1,021 1,025 999 1,016 1,056 837 717 510 466 419 398 290 328

316

971 818 720 623 529 538 419 352 350 338 334 331 307 327 311

283

987 969 917 1,113 1,308 1,424 1,340 1,396 1,342 1,182 1,139 1,258 1,534 1,425 1,496

1,560

702

4,420 4,758

3,526 3,740 3,667 3,693 3,760 4,017 4,225 4,235 4,151 4,050 4,083

4,127

4,325 4,243 4,354

4,340 4,197 4,309 4,120 4,171 4,055 4,127 4,223

4,229

4,495 5,226

8,864 9,452

12,771 13,071 13,005 12,666 12,336 12,627 12,471 12,651 12,665 12,547 12,748

10,532

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

CBeebies

CBBC

BBCChoice

C5

C4

ITV/ITVBreakfast

BBC2

BBC1

Hours Launch of CBBC and CBeebies

11

1,303 1,430 1,286 1,221 2,332 2,053 1,887 1,560 1,584 1,056 919 970 843 778 693 666

1,458 1,671 2,627 2,680

3,686 3,384

670 544 437

357 315 304 450 392 316 377

1,734 2,125

4,951 5,551

6,753 7,634

10,448 10,562 10,315 11,214 11,237 11,377 11,372 11,377 11,739

9,489

4,495 5,226

8,864 9,452

12,771 13,071 13,005 12,666 12,336 12,627 12,471 12,651 12,665 12,547 12,748

10,532

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

First-run original programmes First-run acquisitions Repeats

Children’s output on PSB channels, all hours: 1998-2013

Source : Ofcom/broadcasters. PSB Channels included: BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, CBBC, CBeebies. Excluded: CITV and S4C. Based on slot time.

Hours

12

PSB output, children’s genre, first-run originated hours: 1998-2013

Source: Ofcom/broadcasters. Note: Output on the CITV channel is excluded. Based on slot time

342 366 460 417 381 292 212 214 146 187 140 167 108 103 54 2

135 135 43 65 105 202 218 158

417 346 199 190

94 34 5

424 455 450 417 372 404 380

230

158 106

120 108

76 61

77 49

49 73 58 99

64 15 5

1

1

0 0

353 312 266 223

253 202 170

208 150

147

134 107

62 22

19 32

89 9

943 824

790

669 621

160

223 296

382 421

435 470

214

114

112

80 92

110 102 102

121 137

103 113

1,303 1,430

1,286 1,221

2,332

2,053

1,887

1,560 1,584

1,056 919 970

843 778

693 666

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2,200

2,400

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

CBeebies

CBBC

BBC Choice

C5

C4

ITV/ITVBreakfast

BBC2

BBC1

Hours CBeebies & CBBC officially launched

12

13

£134k £126k

£131k £131k £138k

£144k

£49k £40k

£24k £28k £30k £36k

£111k £107k

£113k £120k £123k

£130k

£0k

£20k

£40k

£60k

£80k

£100k

£120k

£140k

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Cost per hour All BBC

ITV, ITV Breakfast, C4, C5

Total

Source: Ofcom/broadcasters. Note: Spend is given in 2013 prices. Output and spend on the CITV channel is excluded.

PSB cost per hour, children’s genre, first-run originated: 2008-2013

14

Source: Ofcom/broadcasters. PSB Channels included: BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, CBBC, CBeebies. Excluded: CITV and S4C. Based on slot time

PSB output, children’s genre, first-run hours by sub-genre: 1998-2013

14

106 96 114 122 176 155 173 124 79 79 101 46 66 45 19 17 9

120 175 163 130 145 168 151 143

103 103 49 59 64 68 66 66 61

564 618 546

475

1,243 1,162 1,010

850

611 611

287 264

334 258 210 200 199

325

409 263

246

361 295

349

357

529 529

232 201

193 188

197 157 147

236

244

227 258

419

287 204

86 132 132

232 217

181 156

159 124 150

130 130

155 133 132

128 127

129 100

1,351

1,542

1,313 1,231

2,344

2,067

1,887

1,560 1,584 1,584

1,056 920 970

843 778 693 666

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2,200

2,400

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

News

Pre-school

Factual

Entertainment

Drama

Animation

Hours Launch of CBBC

and CBeebies

15

Source: Ofcom/broadcasters. PSB Channels included: BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, CBBC, CBeebies. Excluded: CITV and S4C. Based on slot time

PSB output, children’s genre, first-run hours by sub-genre and by channel: 2013

15

9 0 4

5 61 61

199

2

40

157

147

147

100

100 150 9

28 113

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

TOTAL BBC1 BBC2 ITV/ITVBreakfast

C4 C5 CBBC CBeebies

Pre-school

News

Factual

Entertainment

Drama

Animation

0 2 666 49 0 32 470 113 Total first-run hours

16

Source: Ofcom/broadcasters. PSB Channels included: BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, CBBC, CBeebies. Excluded: CITV and S4C. Based on slot time

PSB output, children’s genre: first-run hours by sub-genre and by channel: 2008

46 4 4

1

27

10 59

13 2 7

4

30

263 43 76

64 21 59

201 51

97 10

10

33

133

30 12

91

217

3 8

35

72

99

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

TOTAL BBC1 BBC2 ITV/ITVBreakfast

C4 C5 CBBC CBeebies

Pre-school

News

Factual

Entertainment

Drama

Animation

199 140 919 120 1 134 223 102 Total first-run hours

16

94 81 69 70 98 125

471 517 635 659 649 831 83 76

81 76 69

90

113 117 178 124 139

205

315 331

384 413 598

672

104 128

151 152

148

168

165 168

261 323 279

352

31 27

27 26 23

30

1,376 1,445

1,786 1,843 2,003

2,473

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Religion

Sport

Music and Arts

Children

Light Music/Entertainment

Current Affairs

General Factual

Drama

Hours

17

Hours of S4C Welsh language programming

Source: S4C Annual Report and Accounts 2008 – 2013. First-run commissions. Based on slot time (http://www.s4c.co.uk/abouts4c/authority/e_annualreports.shtml).

Non-PSB children’s channels hours: 2008-2013

Total hours declined year on year as first-run originated hours almost doubled

18

Source: Ofcom/broadcasters. Note: Includes Baby TV, Baby First TV, CITV, Nick Jr., Nick Jr. 2, Nickelodeon, Nicktoons TV, Disney Channel, Disney Cinemagic, Disney Junior, Disney XD, Boomerang, Cartoon Network UK and Cartoonito. Output hours based on slot time.

3,581 7,861 5,221 5,772 1,585 2,874

97,687

149,674 142,222 140,165

146,608 136,311

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Total first-run Total hours

Commercial children’s channels’ first-run UK-originated hours: 2008-2013

19

Source: Ofcom / broadcasters. Note: Broadcasters includes ITV, Viacom, Turner, Disney, CSC and Baby TV. Output hours are based on running time.

147 122

283 281

123 111

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

First-run UK originatedhours

20

Source: BARB. Dedicated children’s channels include CBBC and CBeebies. Figures include + 1 channels. Reflects channels that were transmitting/part-transmitting during 2013.

Number of dedicated children’s channels (BARB): 1998-2013

4

8

13 13

17 19 19 19

23

27 29 29 29 29 29 30

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

No. of dedicated children’s channels

Source: Attentional / BARB (Programmes with BARB code "Children's," Demographic Children 4-15)

Proportion of output and viewer hours by UK and non-UK programme origin, children 4-15: 2011

21

BBC1 BBC2 ITV CH4 CH5

95% 95%

75% 77%

47% 38%

96% 91% 79%

86% 100% 100%

14% 25% 20%

45%

5% 5%

25% 23%

53% 62%

4% 9% 21%

14%

86% 75% 80%

55%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Out

put

Vie

win

g

Out

put

Vie

win

g

Out

put

Vie

win

g

Out

put

Vie

win

g

Out

put

Vie

win

g

Out

put

Vie

win

g

Out

put

Vie

win

g

Out

put

Vie

win

g

Non-UK

UK

Commercial Children's Channels

CBBC/ CBeebies TOTAL

Total weekly hours: 9 0:36 34 0:06 8 0:06 12 0 25 0:07 135 1 2,629 3 2,974 5

Proportion of UK sample’s children who are regular viewers of children's PSB channels

Q On which of these channels does/do your child/children regularly watch programmes aimed specifically at children? Base: All responsible for children under 16 (636, 518)

22

19%

21%

37%

40%

13%

18%

18%

24%

42%

50%

10%

11%

15%

18%

43%

43%

16%

13%

Channel 4

Channel Five

CBBC

CBeebies

None

I am not sure whatchannels my children

watch

2013

2012

2011

Shows direction of significant differences from 2012 to 2013 at 99% level

Parents’ opinions on the importance of children’s PSB ‘It provides a wide range of high quality and UK-made programmes for children’

Extent to which the characteristic is important, where 10 means ‘extremely important” and 1 means “not at all important” (% rating 10/9/8/7) Base: 2010 – All in Sample A (3569); 2011 / 2012 / 2013 – All whose children regularly watch any of those channels BBC One, Channel 5, CBeebies, CBBC, S4C (363, 487, 333)

23

85%

80%

81%

72%

2013

2012

2011

2010

NB in 2010 the question was asked as part of the main Importance and Delivery section along with the other statements. In 2011 it was asked in a separate children section, after the questions on overall satisfaction had been asked. In 2010 channels asked about were BBC One, BBC Two, ITV1, Channel 4, Five, Cbeebies and CBBC. In 2011 BBC Two, ITV1 and Channel 4 were not included. In 2012 BBC One was not included.

No significant differences from 2011/2012 to 2013 at 99% level

33%

76% 83%

60%

45%

71% 81%

60% 50%

71% 81%

61% 55%

76% 81% 68%

0102030405060708090

100

Channel 5 CBBC CBeebies All these channels

2010

2011

2012

2013

No significant differences from 2011/2012 to 2013 at 99% level Note: Asked of more channels prior to 2011

Among those whose children watch at least one channel

Extent to which the purpose/characteristics applies to the channel(s), where 10 is the highest score and one is the lowest. (% rating 10/9/8/7) Base for ‘all children's’ PSB channels’: All respondents whose children regularly watch at least one channel (1448,363,487, 333) Base for individual channels: Those whose children are regular viewers of each channel featured (CBBC = 805,180,271,203 CBeebies = 782,218,320,218 Channel Five = 574,89,140, 112)

Parents’ opinions on the delivery of children’s PSB ‘It provides a wide range of high quality and UK-made programmes for children’

24

25

6.8

5.4

4.9

5.9

8

11.2

9.1

6.8

9.3

6.1

17.2

10.5

7.2

12.5

6.6

15.7

14.4

13.3

14.6

14

0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0

Aged 12-15

Aged 8-11

Aged 5-7

Aged 5-15

Aged 3-4

TV

Internet

Gaming

Radio

Weekly hours QP10A-B/ QP29A-B/ QP70A-B/ QP22A-B – How many hours would you say he/ she spends [USING MEDIUM] on a typical school day/ on a weekend day?). In 2014 responses are taken from the child aged 8-11 or 12-15 rather than the parent. In 2013 the response for 12-15 was taken from the child and the parent for 3-4s 5-7s and 8-11s. In 2013 parents/ children were asked about use at home whereas in 2014 they were asked about use at home or elsewhere. Base: Parents of children aged 3-7 and children aged 8-15 who use each medium (VARIABLE BASE) - Significance testing shows any differences between 2013 and 2014 Source: Ofcom research, fieldwork carried out by Saville Rossiter-Base in April to June 2014

Estimated weekly hours of media consumption at home or elsewhere among users, by age: 2014

25

7 10 10 3

10 6 11

13

11 8

13 13

15 15

16

12

17

2

9 37

34

55

34

18

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Aged 5-15 Aged 5-7 Aged 8-11 Aged 12-15

TV set

Mobile phone

Tablet

Games console/ player

PC/ laptop

Books, magazines, comics

MP3 player

DVD/ Blue ray player

Radio

26

26

QC46 – Which one of the things you use almost every day would you miss the most if it got taken away? (prompted responses, single coded) Base: Children aged 5-15 (1660 aged 5-15, 453 aged 5-7 in 2014, 609 aged 8-11 in 2014, 598 aged 12-15 in 2014) Source: Ofcom research, fieldwork carried out by Saville Rossiter-Base in April to June 2014

Devices children would miss the most, by age: 2014