china business environment

8/14/2019 China Business Environment

1/15

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^jug jup vbpu px{{lz cf `ghb{ lbacxq, ugh `cxduqz qhibjdp ugh uc{ ehpujdbujcd fcq fcqhjnd ejqhù

jdvhpuihdu 'FEJ* jd ugh ehvhlc{jdn ~cqle$

^hmhpphp

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px`g bp Vjhudbi$


2/15

`gjdb R2 1;;:

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~jll ah balh uc ibmh ughjq c~d lhdejdn {lbd$

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3/15

AXPjdHPP HdvjQCdIHd

Axphpp Hqcihu Cxuccm

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ehpujdbujcd fcq fcqhjnd ejqhù jdvhpuihdu 'FEJ* jd ugh ehvhlc{jdn ~cqle$ [cpjujvhlz, ugh

@gjdhph ncvhqdihdu jp jd`qhbpjdnlz njvjdn icqh {qcuhùjcd bde hd`cxqbnhihdu uc ugh

axqnhcdjdn {qjvbuh phùcq, ~gj`g jp dc~ ugh icpu ezdbij` {bqu cf ugh h`cdciz bde b`)

`cxdup fcq icpu cf ugh cxduqzp oca nqc~ug$ Gc~hvhq, ugh ciibdejdn dbuxqh cf @gjdbp

h`cdciz ihbdp ugbu axqhbx`qb`z qhibjdp b mhz capub`lh uc ecjdn axpjdhpp ~jugjd ugh

`cxduqz, bde ugh lhnbl fqbih~cqm jp pujll ~hbm ehp{juh u~c eh`behp cf qhfcqi$

luhpu Ehhc{ihup@gjdb jp cdpjehqjdn b {lbd uc jdvhpu @DZ8uqd 'XP%>02ad* jd uqbdp{cqu jdfqbpuqxùxqh

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~jug b {qhvjcxp {lbd ugbu hbqibqmhe @DZ1uqd 'XP%1:1$0ad* fcq jdfqbpuqxùxqh ahu~hhd

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ihq`jbl Abdm cf @gjdb, @gjdb @cdpuqxùjcd Abdm bde Abdm cf @gjdb, bde lbxd`g

b {xalj` ljpujdn$

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uc ugh ibjdlbde az b 20mi aqjenh$ Ugh {cqu jp jd ugh hbqlz pubnhp cf ehvhlc{ihdu, bde

jp p`ghexlhe fcq ci{lhujcd jd 1;20$ Oxpu cdh ahqug jp xqqhdulz c{hqbujcdbl, ~gj`g bd

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bde xluqb)lbqnh `qxeh `bqqjhqp 'XL@@p*, ~gj`g bqh lbqnh hdcxng uc gbdelh 0;;,;;;

e~u bde bacvh$

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e ju j e ff u u u ml fu @gj ujll m e l >1 e ' u f 27;


4/15

`gjdb R2 1;;:

`cxduqjhp* az Ahqljd)abphe `cqqx{ujcd ~bu`gecn Uqbdp{bqhd`z Jduhqdbujcdbl jd jup

lbuhpu `cqqx{ujcd {hq`h{ujcdp jdehw$ Ugjp ihbdp ugbu @gjdbp qbdmjdn ~bp xdicvhe

fqci ugh {qhvjcxp zhbqp jdehw, ehp{juh jup p`cqh ji{qcvjdn ibqnjdbllz fqci 0$8 'cxu

cf 2;* uc 0$6, ~ghqh b gjnghq qbujdn qh{qhphdup lc~hq `cqqx{ujcd$

Cd Dcvhiahq 5 1;;7, jd ugh gjnghpu lhvhl ihhujdn ahu~hhd @gjdb bde Ubj~bd jd cvhq6; zhbqp, uc{ cf`jblp pjndhe b phqjhp cf bnqhhihdup$ Ugh dxiahq cf ejqhù `gbquhq

jngup b`qcpp ugh Ubj~bd Puqbju ~jll ah uqj{lhe uc 2;7 {hq ~hhm, ~jug dh~ jngup ahjdn

{hqijuuhe cd bll phvhd ebzp cf ugh ~hhm jdpuhbe cf oxpu fcxq {qhvjcxplz$ Ugh zjdn

qcxuhp ~jll blpc ah pgcquhdhe az bllc~jdn bjq`qbfu uc uqbdpju ejqhùlz ahu~hhd @gjdb

bde Ubj~bd 'ughz gbe {qhvjcxplz ahhd qcxuhe ugqcxng Gcdn Mcdn*, bde jd`qhbpjdn ugh

dxiahq cf @gjdhph bjq{cqup b``h{ujdn jngup fqci Ubj~bd fqci 8 uc 12$ Ihbd~gjlh,

6; ejqhù `bqnc jngup {hq icdug ~jll ah bllc~he uc c{hqbuh ahu~hhd Ubj~bd bde ugh

ibjdlbde, {xuujdn {bje uc ugh xqqhdu {qbùj`h cf ejvhqujdn ughi ugqcxng ugjqe cxduqjhp$

Ubalh? aIJ aXPJDhPP bDE C[hQbUJCDbl QJPM QbUJDnP

Jdfqbpuqx uxqh Jdpujuxujcdp IbqmhuCqjhdubujcd Cvhqbll

Bfngbdjpubd 1;$>0 1:$78 5;$8: 0

Abdnlbehpg 08$;8 18$7: 5>$>5 06$10

Agxubd 1;$1: 87$16 08$60 07$;6

@biacejb 2:$6: 16$70 60$6: 06$>5

@gjdb 67$;2 51$>0 56$>8 81$8;

Hbpu Ujicq 01$5> 0;$61 8:$8; 5;$76

Gcdn Mcdn >8$;6 7;$>6 :;$>1 71$27

Jdejb 8;$0> 5;$12 17$>> 0:$>:

Jdecdhpjb 01$68 11$57 68$80 5;$11

Ob{bd 77$;0 72$;1 57$>5 >1$8:

Lbcp 10$:; 02$5: 8;$2> 08$27

Iblbzpjb 68$>2 8:$51 8:$1: 62$5>

Iblejvhp 5;$51 85$02 6>$2> 80$:>

Izbdibq 12$55 0$;6 10$50 28$:7

Dh{bl 51$6> 06$6: 85$;: 55$5:

Dcqug Mcqhb 10$60 7$:7 2$:> 22$80

[bmjpubd 06$;7 1:$8> 5>$8; 0>$>1

[gjlj{{jdhp 5;$21 0>$21 8>$65 55$:6

Pjdnb{cqh 70$;: 77$27 7;$26 70$72

Pcxug Mcqhb 71$:1 6>$77 6:$08 >0$0:

Pqj Lbdmb 08$8> 57$78 0>$5: 5;$65

Ubj~bd 6:$5: 62$07 65$62 68$26

Ugbjlbde 8:$85 6;$;6 8:$;; 8:$80

Vjhudbi 0>$10 0:$22 5:$>2 51$;2

Bxpuqbljb 76$50 72$55 5>$8> >

Dh~ _hblbde 70$52 :;$18 60$12 >7$:6

Nlcabl bvh$ 5>$0: 5>$56 57$68 5>$>0

Qhnjcd bvh$ 5:$;; 5>$86 81$02 5:$61

Pcxq`h? AIJ$ P`cqhp cxu cf 2;;, ~jug 2;; qh{qhphdujdn ugh ahpu p`cqh bvbjlbalh fcq hb`g jdej`bucq$


5/15

AXPjdHPP HdvjQCdIHd

Jd beejujcd, ejqhù `bqnc qcxuhp ahu~hhd 60 @gjdhph bde 22 Ubj~bdhph {cqup ~jll ah

hpubaljpghe, ~gjlh b pjijlbq bnqhhihdu ~jll qhex`h {cpubnh ujihp, ~jug ejqhù ljdmp

ahjdn hpubaljpghe ahu~hhd vh pubujcdp jd Ubj~bd bde hjngu jd @gjdb$

jpuuxucp

lhn Fqih~cqmUgh [hc{lhp Qh{xalj` cf @gjdb '[Q@* c{hqbuhp b `jvjl lb~ pzpuhi ugbu jd`lxehp pcih

`ciicd lb~ hlhihdup, blugcxng qhlbujvhlz lhpp hi{gbpjp jp {lb`he cd lhnbl {qh`hehdu$ U~c

eh`behp cf qhfcqi gbvh qhpxluhe jd b dxiahq cf gbdnhp jd jdpujuxujcdp, lb~p bde {qbùj`hp$

B fcqibl lhnbl pzpuhi gbp qhpxluhe jd b dbujcd~jeh `cxqu pzpuhi `ci{qjpjdn 0,;;; abpj`

`cxqup bde pcih 1;;,;;; oxenhp$ Ugh @gjdhph `cxqup bqh ejvjehe jduc @cxqup cf Nhdhqbl

Oxqjpejùjcd, bde ugh @cxqup cf P{h`jbl Oxqjpejùjcd$

Jd 2:>: h`cdcij` cxqup ~hqh hpubaljpghe bp {bqu cf @gjdbp Px{qhih [hc{lhp @cxqu bde

Ubalh? aIJ lhnbl FQbIh~CQM QbUJDnP

Jdvhpucq[qcuhùjcd QxlhcfLb~ @cduqbùHdfcq`hbajljuz @cqqx{ujcd

Bfngbdjpubd 05$7 ;$6 2>$5 10$0

Abdnlbehpg 62$2 18$2 7$; 0$0

Agxubd 18$6 >8$5 8>$; 71$;

@biacejb 82$1 20$7 07$: 6$;

@gjdb >$7 8;$0 85$> 85$>

Hbpu Ujicq 22$7 21$6 06$0 db

Gcdn Mcdn 61$8 7:$7 7>$8 :1$>

Jdejb 07$; 61$: 7$: 85$>

Jdecdhpjb 11$0 18$> 16$8 27$;

Ob{bd 87$0 7:$1 :;$8 :2$0

Lbcp 55$7 2:$7 17$> 17$>

Iblbzpjb 80$7 >1$8 5>$7 >8$0

Iblejvhp :2$7 65$2 56$8 10$>

Izbdibq db 5$7 db 2$0

Dh{bl 55$0 02$> 50$; 10$0

Dcqug Mcqhb db :$; db db

[bmjpubd 86$1 16$: 2>$8 7$>

[gjlj{{jdhp 86$5 56$2 85$5 10$0

Pjdnb{cqh 65$8 :5$6 >8$: :7$>

Pcxug Mcqhb 02$> >:$; 72$7 >6$;

Pqj Lbdmb 8>$6 8:$: 5>$> 57$;

Ubj~bd 2:$> 72$5 80$2 7;$>

Ugbjlbde 2:$8 6;$8 6;$2 61$;

Vjhudbi 11$7 5:$> 58$6 17$>

Bxpuqbljb 1>$: :5$; 7:$1 :8$0

Dh~ _hblbde 66$: :>$; 71$5 2;;$;

Nlcabl bvh$ 06$7 57$7 5:$: 5;$1Qhnjcd bvh$ 50$; 82$5 8;$; 8;$;

Pcxq`h? AIJ P`cqhp cxu cf 2;; ~jug 2;; qh{qhphdujdn ugh ahpu p`cqh bvbjlbalh fcq hb`g jdej`bucq


6/15

`gjdb R2 1;;:

ugqhh lhvhlp cf {qcvjd`jbl `cxqup$ Ugh h`cdcij` `cxqup hdocz oxqjpejùjcd cvhq?

@cduqbù bde `ciihq`jbl ejp{xuhp ahu~hhd @gjdhph {bqujhp$

Uqbeh, ibqjujih, jduhllhùxbl {qc{hquz bde jdpxqbd`h$

Cughq axpjdhpp ejp{xuhp jdvclvjdn fcqhjnd {bqujhp$

Vbqjcxp h`cdcij` `qjihp jd`lxejdn ughfu, aqjahqz, bde ubw hvbpjcd$

Ughqh jp blpc bd beijdjpuqbujvh lhnbl pzpuhi, ~gj`g beoxej`buhp icqh ijdcq `qjijdbl

`bphp$

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'`cddhùjcdp abphe cd fbijlz cq lc`bl ujhp*$ Ughjq b{{cjduihdu, {qcicujcd bde qhicvbl

bqh bll bu ugh ejp`qhujcd cf lc`bl ncvhqdihdu bde @ciixdjpu [bquz lhbehqp qbughq ugbd ughPx{qhih [hc{lhp @cxqu cq {qcvjd`jbl Gjng @cxqu$ Acug ugh oxenhp bde ugh ljujnbdup ~gc

b{{hbq ahfcqh ughi bqh pxaohù uc ugh jdxhd`h cf lc`bl {qcuhùjcdjpi$

Lhnjplbujcd jp fqhrxhdulz jdbehrxbuh, ~jug dxihqcxp `cdjùp ahu~hhd dbujcdbl bde lc`bl

dcqip, bde b {qcljfhqbujcd cf qhnxlbujcdp, jduhq{qhubujcdp bde cughq hejùp cfuhd {qcex`jdn

jd`cghqhd`h bde jd`cdpjpuhd`z$ Lb~p bde qhnxlbujcdp jd @gjdb uhde uc ah fbq icqh nhdhqbl

ugbd jd icpu Cqnbdjpbujcd fcq H`cdcij` @c)c{hqbujcd bde Ehvhlc{ihdu 'CH@E* cxduqjhp,

bde ughqhfcqh dhhe icqh p{h`j` ji{lhihdujdn qxlhp bde ihbpxqhp$

Hvhd ncvhqdihdu bqajuqbujcd, uc ~gj`g ibdz fcqhjnd axpjdhpphp bde @gjdhph uxqd jd bd hffcquuc bvcje ugh vbnbqjhp cf ugh cxqup, pcihujihp pxffhqp fqci ugh pbih uz{hp cf {qhppxqhp ugbu

ejpucqu oxej`jbl oxpuj`h$ [qcph`xucqp, ~gc bqh px{{cphe uc nxbqe bnbjdpu px`g jllhnbl cdexù,

bqh xpxbllz ucc ~hbm {cljuj`bllz bde @gjdbp `xqqhdu lhnbl bde qhnxlbucqz pzpuhi `bd ah

c{brxh, jd`cdpjpuhdu bde cfuhd bqajuqbqz$ Ji{lhihdubujcd cf ugh lb~ jp jd`cdpjpuhdu$

Blugcxng @gjdb jp b ihiahq cf ugh Jduhqdbujcdbl @hduqh fcq ugh Phuulhihdu cf Jdvhpuihdu

Ejp{xuhp 'J@PJE* bde gbp qbujhe ugh XD @cdvhdujcd cd ugh Qh`cndjujcd bde Hdfcq`h)

ihdu cf Fcqhjnd Bqajuqbl B~bqe, ju {lb`hp puqcdn hi{gbpjp cd qhpclvjdn ejp{xuhp ugqcxng

jdfcqibl `cd`jljbujcd bde ihejbujcd$

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c~d lbde$ Gc~hvhq, acug @gjdhph dbujcdblp bde fcqhjndhqp `bd gcle lcdn)uhqi lhbphp fcq

lbde xph$ Ughz `bd blpc c~d axjlejdnp, b{bquihdup, bde cughq puqxùxqhp cd lbde, bp ~hll

bp c~d {hqpcdbl {qc{hquz$

juhhux [qc{hquz Qnup

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ÛCB U e Q l eB fJ ll l[ 'UQJ[P* f


7/15

AXPjdHPP HdvjQCdIHd

jp {ccq bde {hdblujhp, jd ugh qbqh `bphp ughz bqh b{{ljhe, bqh jdpxf`jhdu uc bù bp {qc{hq

ehuhqqhdup$ Uqbehibqm bde `c{zqjngu vjclbujcdp bqh ~jehp{qhbe$ Lb`m cf `c)cqejdbujcd

bicdn {xalj` acejhp xdehqijdhp buuhi{up bu hdfcq`hihdu$ Ughqh jp blpc ~jeh vbqjbujcd jd

ugh b{{lj`bujcd cf J[Q {qcuhùjcd$

`cqqx{uc@cqqx{ujcd jp {qhvblhdu bde bduj)`cqqx{ujcd hffcqup bqh capuqxùhe az ~hbm cq dcd)hwjpuhdu

icdjucqjdn ih`gbdjpip$ Hiahlhihdu bde dbd`jbl ijpibdbnhihdu gbvh ahhd jehduj)

he az dxihqcxp bxeju qh{cqup$ Ugh xph cf nxbdwj jp ~jehp{qhbe jd ugh x{{hq h`ghlcdp cf

axpjdhpp$ Ibdz cf ugcph ~gc cih xdehq jdvhpujnbujcd bqh balh uc eh{lcz ughjq cddhùjcdp

pc bp uc bvcje {qcph`xujcd$

Gc~hvhq, bduj)nqbfu hffcqup gbvh ji{qcvhe pjndj`bdulz xdehq [qhpjehdu Gx Ojdubc, ~gc

gbp ibeh ub`mljdn qbi{bdu `cqqx{ujcd cdh cf gjp uc{ {qjcqjujhp$ Obdxbqz 1;;7 pb~ p{cqup

ibndbuh Zx _gjfhj objlhe fcq hiahlhihdu bde ugh lbxd`g cf bd jdvhpujnbujcd bnbjdpu ughfcqihq ghbe cf cjl njbdu Pjdc{h , @ghd Ucdngbj, ~gjlh 1;;> ~judhpphe u~c cf @gjdbp icpu

gjng {qclh bduj)nqbfu bphp ugh pb`mjdn bde bqqhpu cf Pgbdngbjp fcqihq @ciixdjpu [bquz

acpp, @ghd Ljbdnzx bde ugh hwh`xujcd cf _ghdn Wjbczx, ugh fcqihq ghbe cf ugh cxduqzp

fcce bde eqxn ~bu`gecn$ Zhu, exqjdn b icdug)lcdn lhdjhd`z cffhq ugbu ahnbd cd Ibz 0;,

blicpu 2,7;; cf`jblp cdfhpphe uc cqqx{ujcd b``cqejdn uc ugh @gjdhph @ciixdjpu [bquz

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jfqpuqxuxqh

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ugh `cdpuqxùjcd jdexpuqz jd @gjdb uc ah ~cqug bacxu XP%028$01ad az 1;21, `cduqjaxujdn

bacxu >$2>( uc ugh dbujcdp nqcpp ecihpuj` {qcexù 'NE[*$

Ix`g cf ugh cdncjdn `cdpuqxùjcd ~cqm jd ugh `cxduqz jp bu ugh gjnghq)vblxh hde cf ugh

jdexpuqz '{c~hq {lbdup, gzeqchlhùqj` p`ghihp, gjng)p{hhe qbjl ljdmp*$ Icpu cf ugjp ~jll ah

fxdehe ugqcxng {qjvbuh)phùcq jdvclvhihdu$ Gc~hvhq, {xalj`)jdfqbpuqxùxqh p{hdejdn ~jll

blpc dhhe uc jd`qhbph pxapubdujbllz uc ihhu ugh ncvhqdihdup ubqnhup$

B acci jd qhpjehdujbl `cdpuqxùjcd jp hw{hùhe uc `cdujdxh, bp jd`qhbpjdn dxiahqp cf~cqmhqp ijnqbuh uc xqabd hduqhp fcq hi{lczihdu c{{cquxdjujhp$ Ugh ncvhqdihdu jduhdep

j g a f g a jl a 28( g e


8/15

`gjdb R2 1;;:

dh~ gcxpjdn uc qhb`g 2$8ad i1 cf `ci{lhuhe e~hlljdnp jd 1;;6$

Gc~hvhq, pjuh pbfhuz jp b cd`hqd$ Ugh Ijdjpuqz cf @cdpuqxùjcd {xu ugh jdexpuqz ehbug ucll

bu 1,177 {hc{lh jd 1;;8, bde ~gjlh ugjp qh{qhphduhe bd 22$5( z)c)z eqc{, ugh jdexpuqz ~bp

pujll qhp{cdpjalh fcq ugh gjnghpu dxiahq ehbugp cf bdz @gjdhph jdexpuqjbl phùcq, jd`lxejdn

ijdjdn$ Bp ~hll bp gbvjdn uc ehbl ~jug ughph pc`jbl bde puqxùxqbl {qcalhip, ugh jdexpuqz

jp uqzjdn uc qhfcqi jd cughq ~bzp, px`g bp ji{qcvjdn hdvjqcdihdubl {hqfcqibd`h bde jd)

uqcex`jdn b qhnxlbucqz fqbih~cqm fcq axjlejdn ibuhqjblp$

Ugh ibocq uhpu fcq ugh @gjdhph ncvhqdihdu ~jll ah uc hljijdbuh ugh {gzpj`bl bde dbd`jbl

ebdnhqp fqci ugh jdexpuqz$ Ugh bùjcd ju ubmhp cvhq ugh cijdn zhbqp uc xqa cqqx{ujcd bde

ji{qcvh ~cqmjdn `cdejujcdp ~jll ah `qx`jbl uc ugh px``hpp cf jup biajujcxp jdfqbpuqxùxqh

axjlejdn {lbdp bde, xlujibuhlz, ugh `cxduqzp h`cdcij` ehvhlc{ihdu$

Ugh rxbljuz cf qcbep jd @gjdb jp {ccq$ Jd 1;;8 @gjdb gbe b ucubl qcbe dhu~cqm cf icqh

ugbd 0$0id mi, blugcxng b{{qcwjibuhlz 2$5>id mi cf ugjp dhu~cqm blicpu 58( jp`lbppjhe bp vjllbnh qcbep$ [bvhe qcbep ucubllhe >>;,168mi jd 1;;5= ugh qhibjdehq ~hqh

nqbvhl, ji{qcvhe hbqug pubdebqe, cq ihqhlz hbqug uqb`mp$

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lbqnhpu jd ugh ~cqle bu b{{qcwjibuhlz >6,;;;mi jp icehqdjpjdn bde hw{bdejdn qb{jelz,

axu pujll {cpphpp b dxiahq cf ~hbmdhpphp, bp gjngljnguhe az ugh qh`hdu pdc~ pucqip ~gj`g

aqcxngu ugh `cxduqzp qbjl~bzp uc b vjquxbl pubdepujll$

Hjngu @gjdhph jujhp 'Ahjojdn, Ujbdojd, Pgbdngbj, Nxbdngcx, xgbd, Pghdghd, Dbdojdn

bde @gcdnrjdn* xqqhdulz gbvh ihuqc pzpuhip, bde bu lhbpu phvhd icqh bqh {lbddjdn ughi$@xqqhdulz {qc{cphe hwuhdpjcdp bde dh~ dhu~cqmp bicxdu uc icqh ugbd 1,;;;mi, ~jug

b `cpu cf bu lhbpu @DZ8;;ad 'XP%68ad*$ Jd Ahjojdn blcdh, ~gj`g `xqqhdulz gbp bqcxde

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axjlejdn icqh gjng~bzp uc b``ciicebuh bqp$ Cvhqbll, ~jug @gjdb {qcohùhe uc gbvh 218

`jujhp ~jug icqh ugbd cdh ijlljcd {hc{lh hb`g az 1;2;, ughqh jp pujll gxnh p`c{h fcq xqabd

qbjl~bz hw{bdpjcd$

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bqcxde 8;; bjq{cqup cf bll uz{hp bde pjhp jd c{hqbujcd, bacxu 5;; cf ~gj`g gbe {bvhe

qxd~bzp$ @gjdb {lbdp uc axjle bdcughq :> bjq{cqup az 1;1;$

@gjdb gbp icqh ugbd 1,;;; {cqup, 20; cf ~gj`g bqh c{hd uc fcqhjnd pgj{p, bde 26 ibocq

{cqup ~jug b `b{b`juz cf cvhq 8;id ucddhp {hq zhbq$ @gjdbp ucubl pgj{{jdn `b{b`juz jp jd

hw`hpp cf 1,7:;id ucddhp$ Az 1;2;, 08( cf ugh ~cqlep pgj{{jdn jp hw{hùhe uc cqjnjdbuh

fqci @gjdb$ @gjdb blpc gbp icqh ugbd 25;,;;;mi cf dbvjnbalh qjvhqp, puqhbip, lbmhp bde

`bdblp, bde jd 1;;0 ughph jdlbde ~buhq~bzp bqqjhe dhbqlz 2$6uqd ucddhp cf fqhjngu bde 6$0uq

{bpphdnhq#mi uc icqh ugbd 8,2;; jdlbde {cqup$


9/15

AXPjdHPP HdvjQCdIHd

lacxq FcqhUgh @gjdhph lbacxq fcq`h jp hw{bdejdn qb{jelz$ Hpujibuhe jd 1;;> bu >:7id, ugjp qh{qhphdup

b {bquj`j{bujcd qbuh cf bqcxde u~c)ugjqep$ Ugh xqabd xdhi{lczihdu qbuh bvhqbnhp 5$1($

Gc~hvhq, ugh ncvhqdihdu beijup ugbu ugh pubujpuj`p jndcqh ibdz xdhi{lczhe ~cqmhqp,

jd`lxejdn ugcph lbje cff fqci pubuh)c~dhe `ci{bdjhp$

Ugcxng @gjdb gbp b qh{xubujcd fcq gbvjdn b acuucilhpp ~hll cf ghb{ lbacxq, ugh @gjdhph

h`cdciz gbp bùxbllz hw{hqjhd`he lbacxq pgcqubnhp jd qh`hdu zhbqp$ Ijdjixi ~bnhp

bqh qjpjdn bp ugh h`cdciz qhp{cdep uc ugh lbacxq pgcqubnh, phuujdn b dh~ pblbqz ccq fcq

hi{lczhqp$ Fcq hwbi{lh, uhwujlh fbùcqjhp jd Abdnlbehpg bde Jdejb bqh xdehq`xuujdn @gjdb

cd {qj`h$ Ugh bfxhdu [hbql Qjvhq `jujhp bqh blpc eqb~jdn lbacxq b~bz fqci uqbejujcdbl

jdexpuqjbl phùcqp, ~jug ~cqmhqp balh uc `ciibde lbqnhq ~bnhp$

Pgcqubnhp cf qxqbl ~cqmhqp bqh p{qhbejdn fqci ugh dbujcdp `cbpubl bqhbp jdlbde$ Cxu cf

1,>:5 vjllbnhp jdvhpujnbuhe jd b 1;;> dbujcd~jeh pxqvhz, >5$0( cf ughi dc lcdnhq gbvh bpxq{lxp cf zcxdn lbacxqhqp bp bll gbe lhfu fcq ugh `jujhp fcq ~cqm$ Ju {qcohùhe ugbu ugh ucubl

qxqbl lbacxq fcq`h ~cxle dcu ah balh uc pbujpfz ugh ehibde fqci dcd)bnqj`xluxqbl phùcqp

az 1;2;$

B``cqejdn uc @gjdbp Ijdjpuqz fcq Lbacxq, 21id ajn `juz qhpjehdup ~jll ah cxu cf ~cqm jd

1;;>$ Bd beejujcdbl 15id {hc{lh ~hqh hw{hùhe uc ocjd ugh qbdmp cf ugh lbacxq fcq`h exq)

jdn ugh zhbq$ Dh~p bnhd`z Wjdgxb hpujibuhp ugbu b ucubl cf 1;;id @gjdhph gbvh uqbvhllhe

uc `jujhp uc de ocap$

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`cxdujdn bde dbd`h bqh p`bq`h$ Pmjllhe ibdbnhqp bqh blpc jd pgcqu px{{lz$

Ugh lbacxq ibqmhu jp ghbvjlz qhnxlbuhe$ Dh~ lbacxq qxlhp pubuh ugbu dcd)@gjdhph ibz ah

gjqhe cdlz ~ghqh ughqh jp b ehicdpuqbalh dhhe, bde b{{qcvbl jp qhrxjqhe fqci lc`bl lbacxq

bxugcqjujhp$ Ugh lb~ {qcvjehp fcq cllhùjvh bde jdejvjexbl cduqbùp p{h`jfzjdn ~bnh lhvhlp,

~cqmjdn gcxqp, cdejujcdp, jdpxqbd`h bde ~hlfbqh$ Pjd`h lc`bl @ciixdjpu [bquz ciijuuhhp

phlhù xdjcd lhbehqp, `cllhùjvh bnqhhihdup bqh xpxbllz dcu {bqu cf dhncujbujcdp$

Ugh Lbacxq Lb~ ibmhp ju icqh ejf`xlu uc qh pubff ugbd {qhvjcxp qhnxlbujcdp, ~gj`g bl)lc~he fcqhjnd hduhq{qjphp uc ejpijpp pubff bp b qhpxlu cf uh`gdj`bl bde {qcexùjcd gbdnhp$

Dc~, cdlz jiijdhdu abdmqx{u`z bde ibocq {qcexùjcd {qcalhip oxpujfz qhexdebd`z$ Ughqh

jp b ijdjixi ~bnh hb`g {qcvjd`h cq ixdj`j{bljuz ixpu phu b ijdjixi ~bnh ugbu ixpu

dcu ah lhpp ugbd gblf ugh lc`bl bvhqbnh ~bnh$ Fxqughqicqh, hvhqz icdug, fcqhjnd ci{bdjhp

gbvh uc cduqjaxuh 1( cf ucubl ~bnhp 'jd`lxejdn ugcph {bzbalh uc hw{buqjbuh hi{lczhhp* uc

ugh uqbeh xdjcd fxde$ Ugjp `cduqjaxujcd `cihp cxu cf bfuhq)ubw {qcup$

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gbvh ugh qjngu uc cqnbdjph bde {bquj`j{buh jd uqbeh xdjcdp, axu ugh lb~ echp dcu bllc~ fcq ugh

`qhbujcd cf xdjcdp, ~gj`g ixpu ah cqnbdjphe jd b``cqebd`h ~jug lb~$ Ugh cdlz {hqiju)uhe xdjcdp bqh pubuh bfljbuhp cf ugh Bll)@gjdb Fhehqbujcd cf Uqbeh Xdjcdp 'B@FUX*$ Ugh

B@FUX j j u u e j j u j j l uj a u ug u e f j


10/15

`gjdb R2 1;;:

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jdeh{hdehdu uqbeh xdjcdp, ju echp uclhqbuh pcih fcqip cf bùjvjpi$

Iqmhu Cqhuuc

Fcqhn jhpuihu [czBp qh{hbuhe pxqvhzp bde bùxbl fcqhjnd ejqhù jdvhpuihdu 'FEJ* c~p ahbq cxu, @gjdb

qhibjdp ugh uc{ hihqnjdn ibqmhu ehpujdbujcd fcq fcqhjnd jdvhpucqp$ Lc~ lbacxq `cpup, bde

ahuuhq `ci{hujujvh bde {qcexùjvjuz qbuhp njvh @gjdb b lhbejdn henh jd ugh ibdxfbùxqjdn

bde bpphialz phùcqp ugh ecijdbdu bqhbp fcq FEJ jdc~p$

Pjd`h ugh hbqlz 2::;p, @gjdb gbp pxapubdujbllz qhfcqihe jup jdvhpuihdu qhnjih bde fcqhjnd

jdvhpucqp bqh dc~ balh uc ibdxfbùxqh bde phll b ~jeh vbqjhuz cf nccep cd ugh ecihpuj`

ibqmhu$ Jd ugh ije)2::;p, @gjdb bxugcqjphe ugh phuujdn x{ cf 2;;( fcqhjnd)c~dhe hduhq){qjphp ugh {qhfhqqhe vhgj`lh fcq FEJ$ Ugjp {qh`j{jubuhe ugh qbi{bdu FEJ {hqfcqibd`hp

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jdvhpuihdu uc ugh ibdxfbùxqjdn phùcq gbp lhe uc pbuxqbujcd bde cvhq`b{b`juz$ XD @cdfhq)

hd`h cd Uqbeh bde Ehvhlc{ihdu 'XD@UBE* nxqhp pgc~ ugbu @gjdb {xllhe jd XP%>5$7ad

jd FEJ jd 1;;>, phuujdn zhu bdcughq qh`cqe$

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@gjdb jp uc `gbddhl FEJ jduc qhphbq`g bde ehvhlc{ihdu 'Q&E* `hduqhp, dh~ gjng)uh`g

jdexpuqjhp, bevbd`he ibdxfbùxqjdn bde ugh hdhqnz `cdphqvbujcd phùcqp$

^gcllz c~dhe fcqhjnd hduhq{qjphp bqh dc~ ugh icpu {c{xlbq hduqz qcxuh fcq jdvhpucqp$ Pjd`h

ugh lbuh 2::;p, ugh bxugcqjujhp gbvh buuhi{uhe uc ejqhù FEJ uc~bqep hd`cxqbnhe jdexpuqjhp

bde qhnjcdp, aqjdnjdn jd dh~ jd`hdujvh p`ghihp fcq jdvhpuihdup jd gjng)uh`g jdexpuqjhp bde

jd ugh hduqbl bde ~hpuhqd {bqup cf ugh cxduqz$ B qhvjphe ljpu bih jduc hffhù jd B{qjl 1;;1,

cxuljdjdn bqhbp bde phùcqp ~ghqh fcqhjnd jdvhpuihdu ~cxle ah hd`cxqbnhe, qhpuqjùhe cq

{qcgjajuhe$ Ugh qbfu cf jdvhpuihdu jd`hdujvhp ehvhlc{he cvhq ugh {bpu u~c eh`behp ibjdlz

`hduqh cd ugh p{h`jbl h`cdcij` cdhp$ Ugh ljpu jp {bqulz jduhdehe uc bajeh az ugh {qcijphe

phùcqbl c{hdjdnp ugbu ~hqh {bqu cf Ahjojdnp ÛC b``hppjcd bnqhhihdup? c{hdjdn x{

abdmjdn, jdpxqbd`h, {huqclhxi hwuqbùjcd bde ejpuqjaxujcd$ Fcq hwbi{lh, ugh x{{hq ljiju jp

1;( fcq b pjdnlh fcqhjnd jdvhpucq jd cdh @gjdhph abdm bde ciajdhe fcqhjnd pgbqhgclejdnjd abdmp jp dcu bllc~he uc hw`hhe 18($

Qhnxlbujcdp jppxhe jd Dcvhiahq 1;;1 gbvh hbphe fcqhjnd jdvhpuihdu jduhdehe fcq ugh b`rxj)

pjujcd cf pubmhp jd @gjdhph `ci{bdjhp$ Dcd)@gjdhph jdvhpucqp `bd dc~ {xq`gbph uqbehe bde

dcd)uqbehe 'pubuh)ghle* pgbqhp cf @gjdhph ci{bdjhp$ Gc~hvhq, fcqhjnd jdvhpucqp gbvh ahhd

{xu cff az ugh qhrxjqhihdu uc xdehqnc bd hwuhdpjvh b{{qcvblp {qc`hpp ~jug uqbeh xdjcdp$

@gjdb bllc~p fcq fxll {qcu qh{buqjbujcd bde pjd`h ugh ije)2::;p, fcqhjnd jdvhpucqp gbvh

aqcbelz gbe fqhh b``hpp uc fcqhjnd hw`gbdnh$ Pjd`h UC b``hppjcd, bd cvhqgbxl cf qhnxlb)

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'UQJ[P* ll ug UQJ[P l u e ju u A u f u j lj jal


11/15

AXPjdHPP HdvjQCdIHd

~jug {hdblujhp fqhrxhdulz fbjljdn uc ah ji{cphe$

Icpu FEJ qhibjdp fc`xphe cd ugh hw{cqu)cqjhduhe ibdxfbùxqjdn bde bpphialz phùcqp$ Axu

phqvj`hp ibjdlz ucxqjpi, uhlh`cip bde dbd`h fcqi b nqc~jdn {qc{cqujcd cf ugh FEJ puc`m jd

@gjdb$ Ugh uc{ phùcqp jd uhqip cf buuqbùjdn FEJ bqh ghij`blp, ib`gjdhqz bde jdexpuqjbl nccep,

bde JU jd`lxejdn pcfu~bqh$ Ugh ibjd pcxq`hp cf jdvhpuihdu bqh Ob{bd, ugh XP bde Nhqibdz$

Fcqhn Uqeh QhnihJd ljdh ~jug jup ÛC b``hppjcd qhrxjqhihdup, @gjdb gbp lc~hqhe jup ji{cqu ubqjffp$ Jd

1;;6, ugh nhdhqbl ubqjff lhvhl cd ji{cqup ~bp :$:(, b eh`ljdh cf icqh ugbd 5;( cd ugh

hbqlz 2::;p lhvhl$ Ugh ciijuihdu uc lc~hq ubqjffp gbp ahhd acqdh cxu az ugqjvjdn ji{cqu

lhvhlp, ~gj`g gbvh pxqnhe fbpuhq ugbd @gjdbp hw{cqup jd qh`hdu zhbqp$ @gjdb jp dc~ ugh

~cqlep ugjqe)ajnnhpu ji{cquhq$

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ugh Ecgb Ehvhlc{ihdu Qcxde$ @gjdbp fcqibl b``hppjcd uc ugh ÛC jd Eh`hiahq 1;;2

`hihduhe jup jduhnqbujcd jduc ugh nlcabl h`cdciz$ Ugh u~c mhz ajlbuhqbl ehblp ~hqh ugh

HX)@gjdb bnqhhihdu pjndhe jd Ibz 1;;;, bde ugh XP)@gjdb bnqhhihdu pjndhe jd Dcvhi)

ahq 2:::$ Ahjojdn jp bùjvhlz {xqpxjdn qhnjcdbl uqbeh ehblp, ~jug qh`hdu {qcnqhpp uc~bqep

b fqhh uqbeh bnqhhihdu 'FUB* ahu~hhd @gjdb bde ugh 2;)ihiahq Bppc`jbujcd cf Pcxug

Hbpu Bpjbd Dbujcdp 'BPHBD*$ Ju gbp blpc jdjujbuhe FUB ublmp ~jug ugh Pcxughqd Bfqj`bd

@xpucip Xdjcd 'PB@X* bde ugh Nxlf @c)c{hqbujcd @cxd`jl 'N@@*$ Ugh {cppjajljujhp cf

FUBp ~jug Bxpuqbljb, Dh~ _hblbde bde @gjlh bqh blpc xdehq puxez$

Ubalh? bPJb, FEJ bDDXbl JDFlC~P

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Pqj Lbdmb ;$57 15$; ;$80 16$;

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Pcxq`h? XD@UBE AIJ


12/15

`gjdb R2 1;;:

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13/15

AXPjdHPP HdvjQCdIHd

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Pcxq`h? JIF Ejqhùjcd cf Uqbeh Pubujpuj`p


14/15

`gjdb R2 1;;:

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`ciijuuhe bnbjdpu fcqhjnd jduhqhpup jd @gjdb$


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china business environment

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