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Related content is available on the website for the Nuclear Threat Initiative, www.nti.org. This material is produced independently for NTI by the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, or agents. Copyright © 2011 by MIIS. China Missile Chronology Last update: June 2012 2012 18 May 2012 The Department of Defense releases the 2012 “Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China” report. The report highlights that the PLA Air force is modernizing its ground‐based air defense forces with conventional medium‐range ballistic missiles, which can “conduct precision strikes against land targets and naval ships, including aircraft carriers, operating far from China’s shores beyond the first island chain.” According to the Department of Defense’s report, China will acquire DF‐31A intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and enhanced, silo‐based DF‐5 (CSS‐4) ICMBs by 2015. To date, China is the third country that has developed a stealth combat aircraft, after the U.S. and Russia. J‐20 is expected conduct military missions by 2018. It will be equipped with “air‐to‐air missiles, air‐to‐surface missiles, anti‐radiation missiles, laser‐guided bombs and drop bombs.”J‐20 stealth fighter is a distinguished example of Chinese military modernization. – Office of Secretary of Defense, “Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2012,” distributed by U.S. Department of Defense, May 2012, www.defense.gov; Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, David Helvey, “Press Briefing on 2012 DOD Report to Congress on ‘Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,’” distributed by U.S. Department of Defense, 18 May 2012, www.defense.gov; “Chengdu J‐20 Multirole Stealth Fighter Aircraft, China,” Airforce‐Technology, www.airforce‐technology.com. 15 April 2012 North Korea shows off a potential new ICBM in a military parade. Dubbed the KN‐08, the missiles are displayed on what appear to be Chinese‐made transporter erector launchers (TELs), specifically the WS 51200. According to Jeffrey Lewis and Joshua Pollack, Hubei Sanjiang Space Wanshan Special Vehicle Co., a subsidy of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC) exported “classis and other parts for a missile‐transport vehicle” which could be in contravention of China’s national export control laws and UN Security Council resolutions. Geng Shuang, a spokesman for the Chinese Embassy in Washington denied that China had violated United Nations sanctions. In addition, Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson, Liu Weimin, responded “China has kept communication with relevant countries on issues such as non‐proliferation.” –Joshua Pollack, “North Korea’s ICBM Unveiled,” ArmsControlWonk.com, 15 April 2012; “Military Vehicle Displayed in NK parade May Be Chinese‐Made,” The Korea Times, 17 April 2012, www.koreatimes.co.kr; Jeffrey Lewis, “More on DPRK TELs,” ArmsControlWonk.com, 23 April 2012; “Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Liu Weimin’s Regular Press Conference on April 23 2012,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, 23 April 2012, www.fmprc.gov.cn; Louis Charbonneau, “Exclusive: China Firm Boasts About Missile‐Linked North Korea Sale: Envoys,” Reuters, 24 April 2012, www.reuters.com; Mark Landler, “Suspected Sale by China Stirs Concern at White House,” The New York Times, 20 April 2012, www.nytimes.com. 4 March 2012 According to state‐run news agency Xinhua, China plans to raise its defense budget by 11.2 percent to 106.4 billion USD in 2012. The Chinese military modernization includes the “home‐built J‐10 jet fighter, new nuclear submarines

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China Missile 1

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  • RelatedcontentisavailableonthewebsitefortheNuclearThreatInitiative,www.nti.org.

    ThismaterialisproducedindependentlyforNTIbytheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudiesattheMontereyInstituteofInternationalStudiesanddoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheopinionsofandhasnotbeenindependentlyverifiedbyNTIoritsdirectors,officers,employees,oragents.Copyright2011byMIIS.

    ChinaMissileChronologyLastupdate:June2012

    201218May2012TheDepartmentofDefensereleasesthe2012MilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeoplesRepublicofChinareport.ThereporthighlightsthatthePLAAirforceismodernizingitsgroundbasedairdefenseforceswithconventionalmediumrangeballisticmissiles,whichcanconductprecisionstrikesagainstlandtargetsandnavalships,includingaircraftcarriers,operatingfarfromChinasshoresbeyondthefirstislandchain.AccordingtotheDepartmentofDefensesreport,ChinawillacquireDF31Aintercontinentalballisticmissiles(ICBMs)andenhanced,silobasedDF5(CSS4)ICMBsby2015.Todate,Chinaisthethirdcountrythathasdevelopedastealthcombataircraft,aftertheU.S.andRussia.J20isexpectedconductmilitarymissionsby2018.Itwillbeequippedwithairtoairmissiles,airtosurfacemissiles,antiradiationmissiles,laserguidedbombsanddropbombs.J20stealthfighterisadistinguishedexampleofChinesemilitarymodernization.OfficeofSecretaryofDefense,AnnualReporttoCongress:MilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeoplesRepublicofChina2012,distributedbyU.S.DepartmentofDefense,May2012,www.defense.gov;OfficeoftheAssistantSecretaryofDefense,DavidHelvey,PressBriefingon2012DODReporttoCongressonMilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeoplesRepublicofChina,distributedbyU.S.DepartmentofDefense,18May2012,www.defense.gov;ChengduJ20MultiroleStealthFighterAircraft,China,AirforceTechnology,www.airforcetechnology.com.15April2012NorthKoreashowsoffapotentialnewICBMinamilitaryparade.DubbedtheKN08,themissilesaredisplayedonwhatappeartobeChinesemadetransportererectorlaunchers(TELs),specificallytheWS51200.AccordingtoJeffreyLewisandJoshuaPollack,HubeiSanjiangSpaceWanshanSpecialVehicleCo.,asubsidyofChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorporation(CASIC)exportedclassisandotherpartsforamissiletransportvehiclewhichcouldbeincontraventionofChinasnationalexportcontrollawsandUNSecurityCouncilresolutions.GengShuang,aspokesmanfortheChineseEmbassyinWashingtondeniedthatChinahadviolatedUnitedNationssanctions.Inaddition,ChineseForeignMinistrySpokesperson,LiuWeimin,respondedChinahaskeptcommunicationwithrelevantcountriesonissuessuchasnonproliferation.JoshuaPollack,NorthKoreasICBMUnveiled,ArmsControlWonk.com,15April2012;MilitaryVehicleDisplayedinNKparadeMayBeChineseMade,TheKoreaTimes,17April2012,www.koreatimes.co.kr;JeffreyLewis,MoreonDPRKTELs,ArmsControlWonk.com,23April2012;ForeignMinistrySpokespersonLiuWeiminsRegularPressConferenceonApril232012,MinistryofForeignAffairsofthePeoplesRepublicofChina,23April2012,www.fmprc.gov.cn;LouisCharbonneau,Exclusive:ChinaFirmBoastsAboutMissileLinkedNorthKoreaSale:Envoys,Reuters,24April2012,www.reuters.com;MarkLandler,SuspectedSalebyChinaStirsConcernatWhiteHouse,TheNewYorkTimes,20April2012,www.nytimes.com.4March2012AccordingtostaterunnewsagencyXinhua,Chinaplanstoraiseitsdefensebudgetby11.2percentto106.4billionUSDin2012.TheChinesemilitarymodernizationincludesthehomebuiltJ10jetfighter,newnuclearsubmarines

  • RelatedcontentisavailableonthewebsitefortheNuclearThreatInitiative,www.nti.org.

    ThismaterialisproducedindependentlyforNTIbytheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudiesattheMontereyInstituteofInternationalStudiesanddoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheopinionsofandhasnotbeenindependentlyverifiedbyNTIoritsdirectors,officers,employees,oragents.Copyright2011byMIIS.

    andmodernsurfacevesselsarmedwithsupersonicantishipmissiles.ChinasNationalPeoplesCongressspokesmanLiZhaoxingassertedthattheChinesemilitarybudgetisreasonableandappropriate,andthatitsprimarypurposeistodefendChinassovereignandterritorialintegrity,whichdoesnotposeanythreattoforeignnations.Chinasregionalneighbors,suchasIndia,Indonesia,andVietnam,havebeguntostrengthentheirownmilitarycapabilitiesinresponsetoChinasbuildup.ChineseMilitarySpendingIncreasesby11.2%inlatestBudget,TheGuardian,4March2012,www.guardian.co.uk;ChinasDefenseBudgettoGrow11.2pctin2012:Spokesman,Xinhua,4March2012,www.xinhuanet.com;KeithB.Richburg,ChinaMilitarySpendingtoTop$100Billionin2012,AlarmingNeighbors,TheWashingtonPost,3March2012,www.washingtonpost.com.16January2012ChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorps(CASC)promisesitwillensurethesuccessofallsatellitelaunches.AccordingtostaterunXinhuaNewsAgency,Chinaplanstolaunch21rocketsand30satellitesthisyear.Inaddition,CASCwilllaunchtheShenzhou9spacecrafttoconductdockingtestswiththeTiangong1spacelaboratory.InordertoimprovethenewChinesenavigationsystemBeidou,CASCwilllaunchsixmoresatellites.ChinatoLaunch21Rockets,30Satellitesin2012,Xinhua,18January2012,www.xinhuanet.com;XuTianran,ChinatoLaunch30Satellites,GlobalTimes,20January2012,www.globaltimes.cn;21Rockets,30SatellitestobeLaunchedin2012,TheCurrentDigestoftheChinesePress,16January2012.

    201127December2011ChinaannouncesthattheBeidousatellitenavigationsystemisoperational.Accordingtotheprojectsspokesman,RanCheng,Beidouofferslocation,timingandnavigationdatatoChinaandsurroundingareas.Since2000,Chinahasbeendevelopingthesystem,whichithopeswillbeanalternativetoAmericanGPS.TheBeidounetworkcangiveChinatheaccuracytoguidemissiles,smartmunitions,andotherweaponsinaregionalconflict.ItalsooffersredundancyandindependenceshouldtheU.S.restrictChineseaccesstoGPS.AccordingtotheChinasspacewhitepaperreleasedinDecember,ChinaaimstocompletetheglobalBeidousatellitenavigationsystemby2020.ItwillbecomprisedoffiveGEOsatellitesand30nonGEOsatellites.DavidLague,NewSatellitestoExtendChinasMilitaryReach,Reuters,29December2011,www.reuters.com;DougRichardson,ChinasBeidouSatnavSystemBecomesOperational,JanesMissiles&Rockets,6January2011,www.janes.com;ChinaGPSRivalBeidouStartsOfferingNavigationData,BBCNews,27December2011,www.bbc.co.uk;InformationOfficeoftheStateCouncilofthePeoplesRepublicofChina,ChinasSpaceActivitiesin2011,29December2011,www.china.org.cn.21December2011TheBBCreportsthatFinnishauthoritiesseize69Patriotsurfacetoairmissilesand160tonsofexplosivesonaBritishregisteredcargoshipdestinedforShanghai,China.Themissilesaredisguisedasfireworks.ChineseForeignMinistryspokesmanLiuWeiminsaidthetransportationofmissilesisnotrelatedtoChina,andthattheBritishshiploadedwithPatriotmissileswasonitswayfromGermanytotheROK[RepublicofKorea].FinlandFindsPatriotMissilesonChinaboundShip,BBCNews,21December2011,www.bbc.co.uk;MinistryofForeignAffairsofthePeoplesRepublicofChina,ForeignMinistrySpokespersonLiuWeiminsRegularPressConferenceonDecember232011,23December2011,www.fmprc.gov.cn;ChinaDeniesLinkWithMissilesSeizedinFinland,Reuters,23December2011,www.reuters.com.

  • RelatedcontentisavailableonthewebsitefortheNuclearThreatInitiative,www.nti.org.

    ThismaterialisproducedindependentlyforNTIbytheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudiesattheMontereyInstituteofInternationalStudiesanddoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheopinionsofandhasnotbeenindependentlyverifiedbyNTIoritsdirectors,officers,employees,oragents.Copyright2011byMIIS.

    9November2011StaterunnewsagencyXinhuareportsthatChinasuccessfullylaunchedtheremotesensingsatelliteYaoganXII.ALongMarch4Brocketputthesatelliteintoorbit.WhileChinesemediaassertedthesatelliteissolelytoconductscientificexperiments,carryoutsurveysonlandresources,anddisastermonitoring,Janesarguesthesatelliteistobeusedformilitaryreconnaissancemissions.ChinaLaunchesRemoteSensingSatellite,Xinhua,9November2011,www.xinhuanet.com;YaoganSeries(China),SpacecraftDefence,JanesSpaceSystemsandIndustry,20January2012,www.janes.com;DwayneA.Day,StaringintotheEyesoftheDragon,TheSpaceReview,14November2011,www.thespacereview.com.18October2011AdayafterTaiwanesePresidentMaYingjeoumadeastatementsayingTaiwanmayconsiderapeaceagreementwithChina,LaiShinyuan,headofTaiwansMainlandAffairsCouncil,saysthattheagreementwillonlybeconsideredifChinaremovesapproximately1,600missilescurrentlytargetingtheisland.Todate,BeijinghasnotrenouncedthepossibilityoftheuseofforceagainstTaiwan.TaiwanUrgesChinatoRemoveMissiles,DefenseNews,18October2011,www.defensenews.com;ChinaWelcomesTaiwanPresidentsPeaceProposal,Reuters,26October2011,www.reuters.com;FrankChing,ChinaTaiwanPeaceAgreement,TheKoreaTimes,28October2011,www.koreatimes.co.kr.27September2011TheChinaDailyreportsthattheIndonesianNavywilluseChinesemadeC705missiles.AccordingtotheIndonesianDefenseMinistrysecretarygeneralvicemarshalErisHaryanto,themissileswillbeproducedbybothcountriesjointly,andtheChineseStateAdministrationforScience,TechnologyandIndustryforNationalDefense(SASTIND)willprovidetechnologyassistance.SASTINDandtheIndonesianDirectorateGeneralofDefenseCapabilitiesstartedcooperationon22March2011.TheC705missileisbeingdevelopedbytheChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorporation(CASIC).TheC705missileisdesignedforsurfacetargets,whichcouldreacharangeof110to120kilometers.C705(China)SurfacetosurfaceMissiles,JanesNavalWeaponSystems,29January2012,www.janes.com;IndonesianNavytoUseChineseMissiles,TheJakartaPost,26September2011,www.thejakartapost.com;C705[IndonesiaDecidestoInstallC705Missile,ChinaWillProvidetheTechnologyJointly],TheChinaDaily,27September2011,www.chinadaily.com.24August2011TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefensereleasesitsannualreportentitled,MilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeoplesRepublicofChina2011.ThereportestimatesthatChinasmilitarymodernizationhasmadedrasticimprovement.ThereportsuggeststhatthePLAisobtaininglargenumbersofhighlyaccuratecruisemissiles,manyofwhichhaverangesinexcessof185km.MichaelSchifferdeputyassistantsecretaryofdefensesays,thepaceandscopeofChina'ssustainedmilitaryinvestmenthaveallowedChinatopursuecapabilitiesthatwebelievearepotentiallydestabilizingtoregionalmilitarybalances,increasetheriskofmisunderstandingandmiscalculation,andmaycontributetoregionaltensionsandanxieties.SchifferalsourgesChinatoimproveitsmilitarytransparencyandopenness.XinhuaNewsAgencyreportsthatChineseViceForeignMinisterFuYingrespondstothecriticisminaninterviewwithGermanmagazine,DerSpiegelbytellingtheworldnottoworryaboutChinasmilitaryambitions.Shesays,[theWestanditsallies]arenotgoingtoseeaU.S.oraSovietinChina.OfficeofSecretaryofDefense,MilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeoplesRepublicofChina2011,AnnualReporttoCongress,distributedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense,24August2011,www.defense.gov;AmericanForcesPressService,JimGaramone,ChinaReportNotesMilitaryModernization,

  • RelatedcontentisavailableonthewebsitefortheNuclearThreatInitiative,www.nti.org.

    ThismaterialisproducedindependentlyforNTIbytheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudiesattheMontereyInstituteofInternationalStudiesanddoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheopinionsofandhasnotbeenindependentlyverifiedbyNTIoritsdirectors,officers,employees,oragents.Copyright2011byMIIS.

    U.S.DepartmentofDefense,24August2011,www.defense.gov;MoHonge,ViceFMUrgesWesttoDemolishWallofDistrustwithChina,XinhuaNewsAgency,24August2011,www.xinhua.net.27July2011ChinasMinistryofDefensespokesmanSeniorColonelGengYanshengconfirmsthatChinaiscurrentlyrefittinganoldaircraftcarrierthatitboughtfromanothercountryandwilluseitforresearch,experimentsandtrainingpurposes[].AccordingtoCol.Geng,thereisnotaquestionofwhenthisshipislaunched,itwillbedecideduponthescheduleoftherefurbishmentproject.Col.GengreiteratesthatChinasnationaldefensepolicywillnotchange.However,someintheregionfeelthreatenedbythedevelopment."China'snextmoveshavetobewatchedcarefully,orthereeventuallycouldbeanegativeimpactonmaritimesafetyinAsia,"saidYoshihikoYamada,aprofessoratJapan'sTokaiUniversity.[China'sFirstAircraftCarrierConvertedforResearchTestingandTraining],ZhongguoGuangbowang[CNR](China),28July2011,www.cnr.cn;BenBlanchardandBenjaminLim,ChinaBuildingAircraftCarriers;NeighborsWorried,MSNBC,27July2011,www.msnbc.com;JeremyPage,ChinaSaysCarrierWontAlterNavalStrategy,TheWallStreetJournal,28July2011,www.wsj.com.10June2011TheMalaysianInsider,basedonWikileaks,assertsthataMalaysiancompany,ElectronicsComponentLimited(withlinkstoIran)hastriedtopurchasegyroscopesusedforguidingmissilesfromChinesefirmVibTelIndustrial.AccordingtoPamDurham,thedirectorofMissileThreatReductionattheU.S.StateDepartment,ECL[ElectronicsComponentLimited]isassociatedwithanetworkofIraniancontrolledfrontcompaniesthatprocuresensitivegoodsonbehalfofanumberifIranianentitiesofproliferationconcern.ThereportsaysthatChineseofficialswillinvestigatethecase.ShannonTeoh,Wikileaks:MalaysianFirmTriedtoBuyChinaMissileParts,TheMalaysianInsider,10June2011;IranSpeedsUpMissileDevelopment,UnitedPressInternational,14June2011,ww.upi.com.27May2011JanesInternationalDefenseReviewreportsthattheChinaNationalPrecisionMachineryImport&ExportCorporationhasbegunmarketingarocketsystemthatallowsan8x8mobilelaunchertotransportandlaunchapodoffourSY400[400]400mmguidedrocketsandapodcontainingoneBP12A[BP12A]600mmlongrangeguidedmissile.AccordingtoJanes,bothsystemsarebasedontheWanshanSpecialVehicleCompanys(WSVC)WS24008x8crosscountrychassis,whichhasagrossvehicleweightof41tonnes,andvariesinitsapplication.WanshanSpecialVehicle,alsoknownasHubeiSanjiangSpaceWanshanSpecialVehicleCO.,Ltd[]isastateownedvehicleandchassismanufacturingcorporation,whichissubordinatedtoChinaSanjiangSpaceGroup[].Chinahasusedthisclassisforalargegroupofrocketartilleryapplications.NocommentsaremadefromtheChinesegovernment.ChristopherFFoss,ChinaDevelopsModularLongRangeRocketSystem,JanesInternationalDefenseReview,27May2011,www.jdet.james.com;BP12A[BP12AShortRangeTacticalSurfacetoWeaponSystem],ChinaNationalPrecisionMachineryImport&ExportCorporation,www.cpmiec.com.cn;400[SY400Eagle400GuidedRocketWeaponSystem],ChinaNationalPrecisionMachineryImport&ExportCorporation,www.cpmiec.com.cn;WS2400,WanshanSpecialVehicleCompany[],www.wstech.com.cn;Members,ChinaSanjiangSpaceGroup[],www.sanjspace.com.

  • RelatedcontentisavailableonthewebsitefortheNuclearThreatInitiative,www.nti.org.

    ThismaterialisproducedindependentlyforNTIbytheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudiesattheMontereyInstituteofInternationalStudiesanddoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheopinionsofandhasnotbeenindependentlyverifiedbyNTIoritsdirectors,officers,employees,oragents.Copyright2011byMIIS.

    6April2011TheNewYorkTimesreportsthatChinaissettolaunchitsfirstaircraftcarrieronitsmaidenvoyage.StaterunXinhuapublishes,TheChinesestatenewsagencyhaspostedphotographsofanaircraftcarrier[70:GiantShiptomakemaidenvoyage,Chinesedreamcomestrueafter70years]underreconstructionthatappearstoshowthewarshipnearcompletion.AccordingtotheAssociatedPress,ChinapurchasedthecarrierfromtheUkrainemorethanadecadeago.TheshipfirstnamedRigawhenitsconstructionbeganin1985waslaternamedtheVaryag.AfterthedissolutionoftheSovietUnion,theUkrainesoldtheshiptoChinain1992whenitwasstructurallycomplete,butwithoutelectronics.AccordingtoAsiaTimes,ChinainstalledtheshipbornemultifunctionActivePhasedArrayRadarandSeaEagleassensors,whichwerealsoequippedwithFlyingLeopard3000Navalairdefensemissilesystem.ItisnotyetknownhowChinawilloutfitthecarrierwithmissiles.70[GiantShiptoMakeMaidenVoyage,ChineseDreamComesTrueAfter70Years],XinhuaPhotos,www.xinhua.net;EdwardWong,ChineseWarshipMayBeNearlyReady,TheNewYorkTimes,7April2011,www.nytimes.com;ChinasFirstAircraftCarriertobeCompletedSoon:Reports,TheChinaPost(Taiwan),7April2011,www.chinapost.com.tw;Chinas1stAircraftCarrierWatchedbyRegion,TheAssociatedPress,13April2011;JensKastner,MingDynastyAdmiralSpooksTaiwan,AsiaTimes(HongKong),13April2011,www.atimes.com;ChinaAircraftCarrierConfrontedbyGeneral,BBCNews,8June2011,www.bbc.co.uk.16March2011AccordingtoJanesDefense&SecurityIntelligence&Analysis,ChinasnewDongfeng16missileposesaseriousthreattoTaiwan,andChinahasbegundeployinganewpatternofballisticmissilesagainstTaiwan.TaiwanNationalSecurityBureauDirectorGeneralTsaiDershengemphasizesthattheDongfeng16isanewtypeofballisticmissilethathasalongerrangethananythinginChinascurrentcrossTaiwanStraightarsenal.Itisthoughttohavearangeof8001,000km,andbutitisnotknownifithasmultiplewarheadtechnology.Chinesemilitaryexpert,XuGuangyudeniestheexistenceofDengfeng16missiles.HearguesthatTaiwanismakingfalsereportsinordertoincreaseU.S.Taiwanarmssales.JanesalsosaysthatChinahasdeployedtheDongfeng21Dmissile,knownasacarrierkiller.AccordingtotheMilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeoplesRepublicofChina2011reportproducedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense,themissileisintendedtoprovidethePLAthecapabilitytoattacklargeships,includingaircraftcarriers,inthewesternPacificOcean.TheDF21Dhasarangeexceeding1,500kmandisarmedwithamaneuverablewarhead.DougRichardson,ChinaDeploysDF16BallisticMissile,ClaimsTaiwan,Janes:Defense&SecurityIntelligence&Analysis,24March2011,www.janes.com;ChinasNewMissilesPoseSeriousThreattoTaiwan,OfficialSays,BBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,16March2011,www.bbc.co.uk;ChineseTVDiscussesChinaThreattoTaiwanwithNewDongfeng16Missiles,BBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,22March2011,www.bbc.co.uk;OfficeofSecretaryofDefense,MilitaryandSecurityDevelopmentsInvolvingthePeoplesRepublicofChina2011,AnnualReporttoCongress,distributedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense,24August2011,www.defense.gov.2March2011PakistanandChinahaveembarkedonajointventurefortheconstructionoftwomissilearmednavalvesselsintheChineseportcityofTianjin,saysapressreleasefromtheGovernmentofPakistan.UnderthejointventuresignedbetweenPakistanNavyandChinaShipbuildingandOffshoreInternationalCompany,twoFastAttackboatscapableofcarryingmissileswouldbeconstructedsimultaneouslyinPakistanandChina.[sic]AccordingtotheGlobalTimes,ChinaandPakistanarecooperatingindifferentdefencefieldsincludingjointproductionofatraineeaircraftandnuclearpowerplants.PressInformationDepartment,PRNo.15,PakistanandChinaStartJointVentureofConstructingMissile

  • RelatedcontentisavailableonthewebsitefortheNuclearThreatInitiative,www.nti.org.

    ThismaterialisproducedindependentlyforNTIbytheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudiesattheMontereyInstituteofInternationalStudiesanddoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheopinionsofandhasnotbeenindependentlyverifiedbyNTIoritsdirectors,officers,employees,oragents.Copyright2011byMIIS.

    Boats,distributedbyGovernmentofPakistan,2March2011,www.pid.gov.pk;Pakistan,ChinaStartJointVentureofMissileBoats,GlobalSecurity,2March2011,www.globalsecurity.org;PakistanandChinaStartJointVentureofConstructingMissileBoats,GlobalTimes,3March2011,www.world.globaltimes.cn.89January2011DaysafterChinatesteditsJ20stealthfighter;U.S.SecretaryofDefenseRobertGatesexpressesconcernsoverChinasrecentprogressindevelopingnewweaponssystems,whiletakingpartinanarrivalceremonyinBeijingwithChineseDefenseMinisterLiangGuanglie.They[theChinesemilitary]clearlyhavethepotentialtoputsomeofourcapabilitiesatrisk.Andwehavetopayattentiontothem,wehavetorespondappropriatelywithourownprograms,Gatessaid.GateshopesthatthestrategicdialoguebetweentheU.S.andChinawillhelptoreducetheriskcapabilities.GatesalsosaysthathehasbeenwaryofChineseworkonantiship,cruiseandballisticmissileseversincehetookthejob.Thefollowingday,ChinasMinistryofDefense,LiangGuanglie,toldreportersthatChinastilllaggedfarbehinddevelopednationsintermsofweaponryandrejectedclaimsthatChinasmilitarydevelopmentwasathreat,accordingtostaterunXinhua.However,U.S.navalintelligenceremainsunconvincedregardingtothestatement.ViceAdmiralDavidJ.JackDorsett,directorofU.S.navalintelligence,tellsareporterthat,overtheyears,theChinesemilitarydoctrinehasahideandbidehideyourresourcesandbideyourtimestrategy.BenBlanchardandChrisBuckley,ChinaDefenseChiefsaysMilitaryHardwareDriveNoThreat,Reuters,10January2011,www.reuters.com;ChinasMilitaryProgressDemandsAttention,GateSays,GlobalSecurityNewswire,10January2011,www.globalsecuritynewswire.org;AlPessin,GatesinBeijingtoDiscussUSConcernsAboutChinasMilitary,VoiceofAmerica,8January2011,www.voanews.com;JohnPomfret,GatestoMeetwithaChineseMilitarythatsGrownBolder,TheWashingtonPost,8January2011,www.washingtonpost.com.

    201027December2010AdmiralRobertF.Willard,CommanderoftheU.S.PacificCommand,revealsthatChinasnewantishipballisticmissileisnowintheearlystagesofdeploymentafterextensivetesting.Accordingtoa2009ReporttoCongress,theU.S.ChinaEconomicandSecurityReviewCommissionstatedthattheDversionofChinasDF21mediumrangemissile(DF21D),[t]hismissileisintendedtodenyregionalaccesstosurfaceshipsoftheopposingside.Whencombinedwithappropriatesurveillanceandtargetingsensorsystems,thismissilecouldhavethepotentialtodestroyordisableaircraftcarriersandtheirassociatedbattlegroupswhileintransit.AdmiralWillardtestifiedearlierthisyearthatChinaappearedtohaveachievedinitialoperationalcapabilitybutitwouldtakeseveralmoreyearsbeforefullydeployingthesystem.TheChinesegovernmentdoesnotmakeanyofficialstatementsinresponsetothereport.U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,2010ReporttoCongressoftheU.S.ChinaEconomicandSecurityReviewCommission,OneHundredthEleventhCongressSecondSession,November2010,distributedbyUnitedStatesChinaEconomicandSecurityReviewCommission,www.uscc.gov;U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,2009ReporttoCongressoftheU.S.ChinaEconomicsandSecurityReviewCommission,November2009,p.141;DF21D[U.S.CommandersaystheChineseDF21DAntishipBallisticMissileCapabilityisOperational],RenminRibao,28December2010,www.people.com.cn;ChinaStepsUpAntiCarrierMissileTests:U.S.Commander,AgenceFrancePresse,28December2010.18November2010RaoQamarSuleman,AirChiefMarshalofthePakistanAirForceconfirmsthatPakistanboughtChinesemissiles

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    ThismaterialisproducedindependentlyforNTIbytheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudiesattheMontereyInstituteofInternationalStudiesanddoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheopinionsofandhasnotbeenindependentlyverifiedbyNTIoritsdirectors,officers,employees,oragents.Copyright2011byMIIS.

    andavionicstoequipits250JF17Thunderjetfighter.DuringinterviewswiththeChinaDailyandtheGlobalTimes,SulemanstatesthatChineseradarsystemsandSD10midrangehomingmissileswouldbeusedonthefighters[FighterChina1XiaolongAircraft]codevelopedbythetwonations.Mr.SulemanalsorevealsthatPakistanmayalsobuyuptofourSurfacetoAirMissiles,includingtheHQ18.SulemanexpressesPakistansdesiretostrengthenmilitarycooperationwithChina,whileupgradingPakistansarmedforces.SarahMcDowall,PakistanPurchasesMoreChineseDefenseMissiles,GlobalInsight,18November2010;XuTianranandChrisDalby,PakistanInksDealsforChineseMissiles,GlobalTimes,18November2010,www.china.globaltimes.cn;PakistantoBuyChineseMissiles,TheStraitsTimes(Singapore),18November2010;PakistantoArmFighterJetswithChineseMissiles,AgenceFrancePresse,18November2010;PakistanPurchasesMoreChineseDefenseMissiles,JanesIntelligenceWeekly,18November2010.21October2010TheRussianStateDumaratifiesaRussianChineseintergovernmentalagreementonthenotificationofeachothersimpendingballisticmissileandspacerocketlaunches.Thepurposeoftheagreementistonotifytheotherpartyofthelaunchofballisticmissileswhoseflightrangeexceeds2,000kmovertheothersterritory.TheofficialagreementwassignedinBeijinginOctober2009,creatingamissilelaunchnotificationsysteminbothcountries.DumaRatifiesRussianChineseMissileLaunchNotificationPact,Russia&CISGeneralNewswire,21October2010;RussiaRatifiesLaunchNotificationAgreementwithChina,JanesMissilesandRockets,26October2010,www.janes.com;LukeChamplin,ChinaRussiaAgreeonLaunchNotification,ArmsControlAssociation,November2009,www.armscontrol.org;Russia,ChinaSignMilitaryCooperationProtocol,GlobalSecurity,11September2010,www.globalsecurity.org.24September2010DuringaninterviewwithTaiwanesemediainNewYork,PeoplesRepublicofChinaspremierWenJiabaopraisesthatthepoliticalrelationsbetweenMainlandChinaandTaiwanhavereachedthemostpromisingpointindecades,duetotheprogressintheireconomicties.

    .[WenJiabaoindicatesthatbothsideshavecometotheagreementtoprioritizeeconomicdevelopmentbeforepoliticalissues.Bothsideswillstrengthenanddevelopcrossstraitrelationsgraduallybytacklingeasyissuesfirst.HebelievesdismantlingthemissilesthatareaimedatTaiwanisachievable](UnofficialtranslationtoEnglish).AccordingtoJapanEconomicNewswire,TaiwanesegovernmentofficialswelcomeWenscommentsasevidenceofprogress.SpeakerWangJinpyngofTaiwansmajorityNationalistPartycommentsthatWensremarksgivepositiveassistancetocrossstraightrelations.AccordingtoAgenceFrancePresse,TaiwaneseexpertsestimatethattheChinesemilitaryhasmorethan1,600missilesaimedattheisland.However,TaiwansMinistryofNationalDefenseremainsskepticaltoWenspeacefuloverturesbecauseMainlandChinahasyettorenouncetheuseofforceandmaydeploynewmissilesinthefuture.[WenJiabao:RemovalofBallisticMissilesTargetingTaiwanWillbeAchievedintheEnd],ChinaReviewNews(HongKong),24September2010,www.chinareviewnews.com;[WenJiabao:RemovalofBallisticMissilesCanbeAchieved],LianheZaobao(Singapore),24September2010,www.zaobao.com;WenJiabaoMissileCommentPromptsMixedReactioninTaiwan,JapanEconomicNewswire,24September2010;ChinaHintsMissilesTargetingTaiwanCouldbeAxed:Media,AgenceFrancePresse,24September2010;RobinKwong,WenHintsatScrappingTaiwanFacingMissiles,FinancialTimes,24September2010;ChengyiLin,ThePoliticsofChinasMissileRedeployments,ChinaBrief,24September2010,VolumeX,Issue19,pp.1012.

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    9September2010AccordingtotheXinhuaNewsAgency,troopsfromfiveShanghaiCooperationOrganizationcountrieshavelaunchedalivefiredrillinsouthernKazakhtraininggrounds.ItistheirthirdjointtrainingofthePeaceMission2010antiterrorexercise.Theexerciseinvolves5,000troopsfromfiveofthesixShanghaiCooperationOrganizationmemberstates:China,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,RussiaandTajikistan,from925September.Uzbekistanisnottakingpartinthedrill.Thereisnoreportoftheexactquantityofweaponsbeingusedduringthefiringdrill,butChinasMinistryofDefenseconfirmsthattheexerciseinvolvestanks,armouredvehicles,fighterplanes,bombers,rocketsandantiaircraftmissiles.LiXiaokun,SCOMilitaryExercisestoTargetRegionalTerrorism,ChinaDaily,14September2010,www.chinadaily.com;RichardWeitz,ChinasGrowingCloutintheSCO:PeaceMission2010,ChinaBrief,Volume10,Issue20,www.jamestown.org;YangLina,PeaceMission2010Concludes,OpensNewPageforSCOCooperation,Xinhua(EnglishEdition),25September2010,www.xinhua.net.7August2010XinhuaNewsAgencyreportsthatChinaconcludesafivedayairdefenseexercisewithalivefiredrillandprecisionattacksonairtargetsbygroundtoairmissiles.TheexercisetakesplaceinsevencitiesacrossHenanandShandongprovincesandinvolvesmorethan12,000personnel.TheexercisescodenameisVanguard2010.ChinaDailyreportsthatthereareseventypesofgroundtoairweaponry,andthattheexerciseincludesanewtypeofgroundtoairmissileandotherstateoftheartantiaircraftguns.AccordingtothedeputycommanderofthePeoplesLiberationArmyJinanMilitaryCommand,FengZhaoju,therewerenearly200militaryaircraft,includingdrones,reconnaissanceaircraft,fighterjetsandhelicoptersinvolvedinthemilitarydrill.MinistryofNationalDefenseThePeoplesRepublicofChina,ChinaEndsAirDefenseExercisewithLiveFireDrill,DefenseNews,7August2010,www.eng.mod.gov.cn;MuXuequan,ChinaEndsAirDefenseExercisewithLiveFireDrill,Xinhua(EnglishEdition),7August2010;ChinaEndsAirDefenseExercisewithLiveFireDrill,ChinaDaily,7August2010.10August2010TheChinesenavylaunchesitsfirstaircraftcarrieronitsmaidenvoyage.XinhuaNewsAgencyreportsthattherefittingworkontheaircraftcarrierwillstillcontinueafteritsseatrial.PeoplesDailyreportsthatthecarrierisexpectedtoofficiallyoperatewiththeChineseNavyinAugustnextyear.TheUnitedStatesseeksexplanationfromChinaregardingthetypesofequipmentinstalledontheaircraftcarrier.U.S.StateDepartmentspokespersonVictoriaNulandsaysthatU.S.Chinarelationsshouldbeanopen,transparentrelationshipinmilitarytomilitaryaffairs,howeverdoesnotbelievethatthetwocountrieshavereachedthatgoalyet.AccordingtotheBBCNews,JapaneseDefenseMinisterToshimiKitazawaurgedBeijingtogiveinternationalcommunityaclearexplanationofneedinganaircraftcarrierwithhighmaneuverabilityandattackcapabilities.ThesocalledaircraftcarrierisjustapurchasedhullChinahasbeenrefittingforresearchandtrainingpurposes,ChineseViceForeignMinister,FuYingsaid.BureauofPublicAffairs,VictoriaNuland,DailyPressBriefingAugust102011,distributedbyU.S.DepartmentofState,10August2010,www.state.gov;MoHonge,ViceFMUrgesWesttoDemolishWallofDistrustwithChina,XinhuaNewsAgency,24August2011,www.xinhua.net.JapanMinisterSaysChinaAircraftCarriertoHaveBigImpactontheRegion,BBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,12August2011,www.bbc.co.uk:AircraftCarrierReturnstoPortafterMaidenVoyage,PeoplesDaily,15August2011,www.peopledaily.com;ChinasAircraftCarrierNameandPurposetobeDetermined,TheEconomist,13August2011,www.economist.com..18July2010AnavalstudiesjournalundertheTaiwaneseDefenseMinistryreportsthatChinawillhaveapproximately2,000

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    missilestargetedatTaiwanby2011.TheanalysisofChinasattackcapabilitiesalsofoundthatifBeijingactuallydecidedtolaunchthemissilesthisyear,90percentoftargetsinTaiwanwouldbedestroyed,saysthereport.Chinahasneverrenounceditsclaimedsovereignrighttouseforceifnecessary.TaipeiPaperSaysChineseMissilesTargetingTaiwantoApproach,BBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,18July2010,www.bbc.co.uk;RalphJennings,ChinaonTracktoAim2,000MissilesatTaiwan:Report,Reuters,19July2010,www.reuters.com;ChinatoTargetTaiwanWithMoreMissiles,StudyFinds,GlobalSecurityNewswire,19July2010,www.gsn.nti.org;HsuShaohsuan,PRCsPreparationstoAttackTaiwanAccelerate:Report,TaipeiTimes,19July2010,www.taipeitimes.com.15June2010AccordingtotheGlobalSecurityNewswire,Chinaisspeedingupitspreparationforlaunchingaspacecommand,whichtheU.S.andRussiaalreadymaintain.UnnamedChineseairforcesourcesclaimthatthePeoplesLiberationArmyAirForcewilldevelopby2050anunmannedstealthfighterthatcanoperateinspaceandanequivalenttotheU.S.spaceshuttletobettercompetewiththeUnitedStatesinaspacearmamentraceexpectedinthefuture.OneofthesourcesstatesthatthePLAwilluse20102030todevelopafourthgenerationfighterandmissileattackingweapons,aswellasbuildasatelliteinformationsystemforcommandsuperiorityoverChineseairspace.NoofficialstatementsarereleasedfromtheChinesegovernment,whichhasmaintainedinthepastthatitsspaceactivitiesarecivilian.Chinasmostrecent(2006)WhitePaperonitsactivitiesinspacestates,Chinaisunflinchingintakingtheroadofpeacefuldevelopment,andalwaysmaintainsthatouterspaceisthecommonwealthofmankind.ChinaAcceleratesPlanningforSpace,GlobalSecurityNewswire,16June2010;ChinaGearsupPreparationforLaunchofSpaceCommand,JapanEconomicNewswire,15June2010;ChinaGearsupPreparationsforLaunchofSpaceCommand,Breitbard.com,15June2010;InformationOfficeofChinasStateCouncil,FullText:WhitePaperChinasSpaceActivitiesin2006,distributedbyChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,12October2006,www.cnsa.gov.cn.21May2010Indonesiaoffersthejointproductionofmissiles,otherweapons,andnonmilitaryhardwarewithChina.Indonesia'sDefenseMinisterPurnomoYusgiantorosaidthattheIndonesiannavyandairforcehadbeenusingChinesemadeC802missilesforalongtimeandtheneedforthismissilewasincreasing.TheC802istheexportversionoftheYingJi802landattackandantishipcruisemissilewitharangeof120km."RIOffersChinaJointWeaponProductionVenture,"Antara(IndonesianNationalNewsAgency),21May2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.12May2010Over1,000retiredstaffandworkersoftheChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryGroup's061BaseinZunyi,GuizhouProvince,demonstrateandblockroadsforthreedaysdemandingthereturnofRMB20millionwhichallegedlywereheldbackfromabout5,000retiredstaffandworkers.AlthoughalargenumberofPublicSecuritypersonnelwerestandingby,noclashesoccurred.The061militaryindustrialbasehasabout20,000staffandworkers.ItdevelopscorecomponentsfortheShenzhou7spacecraftandlongrangemissilessuchasguidanceandcontrolsystems."ChineseMissileFactoryRetireesBlockRoadinPayProtest,"BBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,textofreportbyHongKongInformationCenterforHumanRightandDemocracy,15May2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.6April2010NoshirGowadia,aformerB2stealthbomberengineeraccusedofhelpingChinadesignacruisemissilewith

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    stealthcapabilitiesbysellingU.S.militarysecrets,isduetofacetrialinfederalcourtinHonolulu.Gowadiaischargeon21counts,includingconspiracy,violatingthearmsexportcontrolact,andmoneylaundering.TheprosecutorsallegethattheinformationprovidedbyGowadiawasusedtodesignanexhaustnozzlethatgivesofflessheat,makingitdifficultforinfrareddetectorstofindthemissile.AudreyMcAvoy,"HawaiiMan'sChinaMilitarySecretsTrialtoBegin,"AssociatedPressFinancialWire,6April2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.2April2010Chinareceives15batteriesofthenewS300missiledefensesystemsfromRussia.TheS300(NATOSA20Gargoyles)cansimultaneouslytrackupto100targetsandengage12aircraftorballisticmissilesatarangeofover15km."RussiashipsChina15S300MissileSystems,"AgenceFrancePresse,2April2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.17March2010ChinadeploysnewRussianmadeS300PMU2longrangesurfacetoairmissilesinFujian,coveringtheentireairspaceofnorthernTaiwan.Themissileshavearangeof200kmandsophisticatedradarfunctions.YuSytue,Taiwan'sMinistryofNationalDefensespokesperson,however,statesthat"thesituationisfullyundercontrol,"asTaiwan'sPatriotAdvancedCapability3(PAC3)alsocoverChinesefightersoperatingintheTaiwanStrait.LeeShuhua,LilianWu,"NoNeedtoWorryOverChinaMissileDeployment:MND,"CentralNewsAgencyTaiwan,17March2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com;LawrenceChung,"Beijing'sNewMissilesCoverTaiwanAirspace,"SouthChinaMorningPost,18March2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.7March2010ChinainauguratesafactoryinIranforassemblingandproducingtheNasr1antishipmissile.TheNasrisbasedontheChineseC704antishipmissile,whichwasunveiledatthe2008ZhuhaiAirShowandwasdevelopedspecificallyforIranbyChina'sHongduAviationGroup.TheNasr1appearstobetheactiveradarguidedvariantoftheC704witharangeofabout170km.Ittargetsshipsof1,0004,000tonsdisplacementandhasa95.7percentkillprobability.TheexistenceoffurtherversionsoftheC704,theC704KD,whichmayindicatesanairtosurfaceapplication,suggeststhattheremaybeadditionalmodelsoftheNasrfamily.DouglasBarrie,"IranianNasrMissileReflectsChineseHeritage,"AerospaceDaily&DefenseReport,10March2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com,ReubenF.Johnson,"Teheran'sChineseConnection;ExtensiveLinktoBeijingIncludesMissilePrograms,"WashingtonTimes,17March2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com,"ChinaOpensMissilePlantinIran,"UPI,23April2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.4March2010Chinawilllaunchthefirstmoduleofitspermanentspacestationnextyear.TheorbitinglaboratoryHeavenlyPalace(Tiangong1)isexpectedtobe30feetlongandwillinitiallyserveasadockingstation.TheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration(CNSA)plansthreefurthermissionsforthenextyear.TheCNSA'slongtermobjectivesincludetheestablishmentofapermanentspacestationandalunarmissionby2022.MarkMcDonald,"ChinatoLaunchSpaceStationModulein2011,"NewYorkTimes,4March2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.22February2010InafeaturestoryforthestaterunChinaDaily,severalChineseanalystsvoicetheirconcernsaboutneighboringcountriesacquiringU.S.Patriotmissiledefensesystems.AirForcecolonelDaiXuallegesthattheprovisionof

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    PatriotmissiledefensesystemsispartofaU.S.strategicencirclementofChina.NiLexiong,anexpertonmilitaryaffairsattheShanghaiInstituteofPoliticalScienceandLaw,comparestheincreasingnumberofU.S.missiledefensesystemsonChina'sneighboringcountrieswiththeU.S.missiledefenseplansRussiaisfacinginEasternEurope.Finally,TangXiaosong,directoroftheCenterofInternationalSecurityandStrategyStudiesattheGuangdongUniversityofForeignStudiessaysthatBeijingshouldalsobeconcernedaboutWashingtonhopingtosellPatriotsystemstoIndiaandotherSoutheastAsiancountries.Furthermore,formerdepartmentdeputyheadontheRussianDefenseMinistry,Lt.Gen.YevgenyBuzhinskynotesthatChinaislikelytobuildupitsoffensivestrategiccapabilitiesintheadventofaglobalU.S.missiledefensesysteminEastAsia."ChinaCircledbyChainofU.S.AntiMissileSystems,"ChinaDaily,22February2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com;"ChinaCouldBuildUpNuclearCapabilitytoCounterU.S.MissileShield,"RiaNovosti,24February2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.8February2010TheChinesebornaerospaceengineerDongfanChung,73,sentencedtomorethan15yearsinprisonforacquiringsecretspaceshuttledataandotherinformationforChina.ChungworkedforRockwellInternational'sspaceanddefenseunit,whichwastakenoverbyBoeingin1996,for30yearswasfoundguiltyofspyingforChinainsixcountsofeconomicespionageandotherchargesafter300,00sensitivedocumentswerefoundathishome.ThedocumentsincludedplansforthefuellingsystemofaDelta4rocket,anantennasystemforthespaceshuttleandotheraerospaceandmilitarytechnologies.Accordingtotheprosecution,ChunghadsentinformationtoChinasincethelate1970s.ChungwasarrestedinFebruary2009.Beijinginsistedthatithadnolinkstothecaseandthatithadbeensetup."ChineseAmericanEngineerConvicted,"DeutschePresseAgentur(DPA),18July2009,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com;"ChinaDismissesUSSpyChargesasFabrication,"AgenceFrancePresse,20July2009,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com;"ChinaDeniesLinksinUSEconomicSpyingCase,"TheAssociatedPress,21July2009,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com;PatrickJ.McDonnel,"Engineergets15YearsinEspionage;Dongfan'Greg'ChungwasAccusedofGivingChinaInformationontheSpaceShuttle,"TheLosAngelesTimes,9February2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.26January2010The215CruiseMissileBrigadeinLuizhou,Guangxi,deploysSword10thcruisemissiles.Themissilehasarangeofmorethan1500kmandcoversVietnam,Taiwan,northernIndia,theKoreanPeninsula,andOkinawa.Themissilesmadetheirfirstappearanceduringlastyear'snationalparade."ChinaMissileinGuangxiCoversTaiwan,"BBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,26January2010,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.11January2010Chinatestsgroundbasedmidcoursemissileinterceptiontechnology.ForeignMinistryspokeswomanJiangYustatesthat"thetestwasdefensiveinnatureandtargetedatnocountry."Thespokesmanreiteratedthatthetestwouldproducenospacedebris,orthreatenanyorbitingspacecraft.Thetestapparentlyachieveditsexpectedobjectives.Thereisnoofficialwordofthemissileusedinthetest;possiblecandidatesincludeHQ9,HQ12,orpossiblyDF21variant"ChinaConductsonGroundBasedMidcourseMissileInterception,"XinhuaNet,11January2010,inChinaview,http://news.xinhuanet.com.

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    200928December2009ChinadeploysHQ9SAMmissilesinBaoji,Shanxiprovince.TheBaojiHQ9battalionconsistsof8launchvehicles.ThreeotherHQ9missileshavebeendeployedinShanxiprovince."Kanwa:NewAirDefenseMissilesDeployedatBaoji,"KanwaIntelligenceReview,28December2009,KanwaInformationCenter,www.kanwa.com.9December2009JiuquanSpaceLaunchCenterlaunchesaremotesensingsatellitetheYaoganVII.Thesatelliteisexpectedtoaidscientificexperimentation,landresourcessurvey,cropyieldestimatesanddisasterpreventionandreduction.TheCZ2Drocketcarriedthesatelliteintoorbit."ChinaLaunchesYaoganVIIRemoteSensingSatellite,"XinhuaNews,9December2009,www.xinhuanet.com.26November2009IndonesiapurchasestheC802ChinesecruisemissiletobeinstalledonthePTPALcoastalpatrolship.TheC802isacruisemissilewitharangeof300kilometersequippedwithinertialguidanceGPSsystem.TheC802hasbeenexportedtoIran,Bangladesh,Pakistan,Thailand,andMyanmar.SunJianping,"DuiShisheXiangdangManyiYinniDaliangCaigouZhongguoC802Daodan[Towardstestfireappropriatelysatisfied,IndonesiapurchaseslargequantitiesofChina'sC802Missiles]",CASICwebsite,26November2009,inCASIC,www.casic.cn.com.17November2009Chinaisdevelopinganantishipballisticmissilecapableofstrikingcarrierbattlegroupsbeyondvisualrange.Themissilewillhavearangeof900miles(1500km),andwillbefiredfromamobilelandbasedlauncher.Chinaisalsodevelopingabeyondvisualrange.TheradarsystemisnamedSKYwaveandiscapableofdetectingnavalvesselsupto18600miles(3000km)away.TonyCapaccio,"ChinaNewMissileMayCreateANoGoZoneforU.S.Fleet,"Bloomberg.com,17November2009,inBloomberg.www.bloomberg.com.2November2009QianXuesen,thefatherofChinaspacetechnologyprogramandcriticalactorinthedevelopmentofChina'sfirstballisticmissile,passesawayattheageof98.Qianretiredin1991,buthisresearchwasessentialtothedevelopmentoftheCZ2FwhichwasusedforChina'sfirstmannedspaceflightmission.Qianwasbornin1911inHangzhouZhejiangprovince.HewasawardedascholarshiptoattendgraduateschoolattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andlaterattendedtheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologywhereheassistedinthecreationoftheJetPropulsionLaboratory.DuringWorldWarII,QianhelpeddesignmissiletechnologyfortheU.S.military.However,in1955,duringtheheightofMcArthyism,hewasdeportedbacktoChina.UponreturningtoChina,QianbeganChina'sfirstmissileandrocketresearchinstitute."ObituariesintheNews,"AssociatedPress,1November2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.30October2009TheHainanSatellitelaunchcenterbeginsconstructionnearthecityofWenchang.Thiswillbethefourthsatellitelaunchcenter,andwillreplacethelaunchcenterinXichang.ThelocationofthelaunchsiteintheLongloutownis800metersfromtheseaside.Thesitewaschosen,becauseofitsproximitytotheequatorwhichaffordsenergysavingopportunities.Thelowerthelatitudeofthelaunchthegreaterthecentrifugalforce.Thenewlaunchsite

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    willbereadyin2013,andwillberesponsibleforgeosynchronousorbit,polarorbiting,largespacestations,anddeepspaceexploration."China'sFourthSatelliteLaunchCentertobeBuiltinHainan,"Spacedaily,30October2009,inSpacedailyDragonspace,www.spacedaily.com.13October2009RussiaandChinasignaballisticmissileandspacelaunchvehiclesnotificationagreement.TheagreementwassignedbyRussianFirstDeputyDefenceMinisterAleksandrKolmakovandDeputyChiefoftheGeneralStaffoftheChinesePeople'sLiberationArmyMaXiaotian.Thetwonationsrecognizetheimportanceoftheagreementwhichwillstrengthencooperationandtrustbetweenthetwonations."PutinSaysMissileLaunchNotificationDealwithChinaWillEnhanceMutualTrust,"BBCFormerSovietUnion,13October2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.1October2009ChinaCommunistPartyandthePeopleLiberationArmycelebratetheir60thanniversary.Thegrandmilitaryparadeshowcasestechnologicaladvancementinallbranchesofthemilitary.Amongthe108missilesthatarepartoftheparade,thePLAdisplaysnewindigenouslydevelopedmissiles,theDF15B,DF11A,MRBMDF21C,DF31A,andthefirstpublicappearanceoftheChangjianlongsword(CJ10)cruisemissile.Furthermore,thenewantishipballisticmissileDF21Dwillalsobedisplayed.Themissilehasmaneuverablefinstoimproveaccuracywhenattackingmovingvesselsatsea.LucyHomby,"ChinaArmyParadeMayGiveCluestoNewMissiles,"Reuters,24September2009;"ChinatoUnveilyNewMissilesTypesonNationalDay,"HindustanTimes,28September2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com;"ChinatoDebutFiveNewStrategicMissilesAtNationalDayParade,"BBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,28September2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.21September2009IndonesiapurchasedthreeChineseQianwei3portablesurfacestoairmissiles(SAM)units.TheChineseSAMunitsdevelopedbytheChinesePrecisionMachineryImportExportCorporation(CPMIEC)willbebasedinJakarta,Madiun,andEastJavaattheIswahyudiAirforcebase.JonGrevatt,"IndonesiaLookstoSwiss,ChineseDealstoBolsterAirDefenses,"JanesDefenseWeekly,17September2009,inwww.janes.com.10September2009AUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)HerculesC130transportaircraftisdetainedinCalcutta,India.TheaircraftiscarryinganundeclaredmissileboundforXianyang,ShaanxiprovinceChina.TheUnitedStatesandEuropehavedeliverednumerousmissilestotheUAEfearunauthorizedtradeofsensitivemissiletechnologytoChina.U.S.andFranceareconcernedaboutthetransferofthreemissiles,FrenchMICABeyondVisualRangeAirtoAirMissile,U.S.AGM65MaverickAirtoShipmissile,andtheA/R/UGM84Harpoonantishipmissiles.U.S.embassyofficialsinvestigatedtheplaneandfoundnoU.S.Missilesonboard.TheplanecontinuedthecargodeliverytoXianyang,China.AnunidentifiedChinesedefenceofficialstatesthatthearmswerefromtheInternationalDefenseExhibitionandConferenceheldinAprilofthisyear.JermeyPage,"MysteryofUAEPlaneHeldinCalcuttawithArmsBoundforChina,"10September2009,TheTimesOnline,www.timesonline.co.uk;BillGertz,"InsidetheRing,"WashingtonTimes,17September2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.

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    2September2009ChinawilldisplayfivenewtypesofdomesticallymanufacturedmissilesattheNationalDaymilitaryparadeon1October.ThefivemissilesincludetheDF41ICMB,theJL2SLBM,aswellasconventionalcruisemissilesandmediumandshortrangeballisticmissiles.TheDF41andJL2areChina'slatestdomesticallydesignedandmanufacturedballisticmissiles."NationalDayParadeWillShowcaseNewPLAArsenal,"SouthChinaMorningPostOnline,3September2009;"ChinatoShowcaseNewMissilesDuringOctober1Parade,"RIANovosti,2September2009,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.18August2009China'seffortstodevelopamaneuveringwarheadforitstheaterballisticmissilesincreasinglyconcerntheU.S.NavyasitwouldincreasethethreattoU.S.warshipsinthewesternPacific.ConsequentlytheU.S.NavyisundertakingmoreeffortstodefendthefleetagainstballisticmissileattacksthroughdevelopmentoftheSM3seabasedinterceptormissileandupgradestotheAegiscombatsystem.TheweakspotofChineseantiaccessstrategies,however,remainsChina'stargetingcapability,whichcurrentlyconsistsofgroundbasedoverthehorizonradarsthatmakethetargetingofmovingshipsonthehighseasdifficult.LoreaB.Thompson,Ph.D.,"TheAchillesHeelofChineseAntiAccessMissiles,"StatesNewsService,18August2009.14August2009China'snewXi'anH6KcruisemissilebomberisspottedatthePeople'sLiberationArmyAirForce(PLAAF)CentralFlightTestEstablishment(CFTE)atYanliangairbaseinXi'an.TheH6kisbasedintheTupolevTu16Badgerfromthe1950sandhasundergoneseveralstepsofimprovement.Thebomberswingshavebeenredesignedandstrengthenedinordertoallowittocarrysixweaponsexternally.PossibleequippedweaponsaretheYJ62antishipmissile,oraTomahawktypecruisemissile.RobertHewson,"China'sH6kCruiseMissileBomberEmergesIntoPublicView,"Jane'sDefenceWeekly,14August2009.6August2009InanewstudyconcerningapossibleChineseattackinTaiwan,RandCorp.concludedthatChinamightbeabletodominatetheairinasurpriseattack,however,theneedoflaunchingafullgroundassault,coupledwiththeresultinginternationalandeconomicconsequencesmakesuchascenariounlikelyinthenearfuture.DavidA.Shlapaketal.,"AQuestionofBalance:PoliticalContextandMilitaryAspectsoftheChinaTaiwanDispute,"RandCorporation2009,www.rand.org;PaulMcleary,"ChinaWouldDominateAirFightinTaiwanStraights,"AerospaceDaily&DefenseReport,6August2009,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.30July2009Since2004Chinahasconstructedabout60Type022(Hubeiclass)guidedmissilefastattackcrafts(FAC).TheType022weighs220tonesinfulldisplacement,hasamaximumspeedof36knotswitharangeof300nauticalmiles(nm)andisoperatedbyacrewoftwelve.BasedonacatamarandesigntheType022hasimportantfeaturestoreduceradar,visual,acousticandinfraredsignatures.Itisarmedwitheight120kmrangeYJ83(C803)antishipcruisemissiles(ASCMs).TheType022isasignificantsteptocontrolChina'snearseasaspartofitsantiaccessstrategy.NanLi,"AllatSeaChina'sNavyDevelopsFastAttackCraft,"Jane'sIntelligenceReview,30July2009.

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    17June2009Attheendoftheirsummit,DmitryMedvedevandHuJintaoadoptajointdeclarationinwhichRussiaandChinadeclarethattheyconsiderinternationalsecurityasindivisibleanduniversal.Countriescouldnotguaranteetheirsecurityattheexpenseofothercountries'securityincludingthroughtheinstallationandglobalandregionalmissiledefensesystems.Furthermore,RussiaandChinasupportthepeacefuluseofouterspaceandopposethedeploymentofweaponsinspace."RussianChineseJointDeclarationSummarized,"BBCMonitoringFormerSovietUnion,18June2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.15June2009LarryWortzel,vicechairmanoftheU.S.ChinaEconomicandSecurityReviewCommissionsaysinahearingbythepanelfocusedinthePeople'sLiberationArmy(PLA)that"Chinahasmadegreatstridesmodernizingitsnavalforces."Additionally,WortzeldescribesChina'sefforttodevelopthecapacitytodenyregionalaccessascredible.AccordingtoWortzel,Chinesewritingsondoctrineemphasizetheneedforthecontroloftheseasthroughmissiles,electronicsandinformationtechnologiesthatspanthesurface,subsurface,airandspace."ChinaSeenMakingHugeStridesinNavalForce,BecomingBlueWaterNavyWithAccessDenialPowersandGlobalReach,CommissionOfficialSays,"Space&MissileDefenseReport,15June2009,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.4June2009Thenewreport"BallisticandCruiseMissileThreat"publishedbytheNationalAirandSpaceIntelligenceCenter(NASIC)describesChina'sballisticmissileprogramasthemostactiveoneintheworld.ThereportfurthersetstherangeofChina'smodifiedCSS5(DF21)mediumrange,antishipballisticmissileto900miles.Furthermore,theU.S.intelligencecommunityestimatesthatinjustovertwomonths,China'sICMBshaveincreasedby25percent.ThereportlistsChinashaving50landbasedmissilescapableofreachingtheUnitedStatesandfurtherestimatesthatthisnumberwillincreasewellover100inthenext15years."BallisticandCruiseMissileThreat",NASIC1091098509,NationalAirandSpaceIntelligenceCenterWrightPattersonAirForceBase,www.fas.org;BillGertz,"NationalSecurity,InsidetheRing,"WashingtonTimes,4June2009,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.1June2009LisaCurtis,seniorresearchfellowattheHeritageFoundation,testifiesbeforetheU.S.ChinaEconomicandSecurityReviewCommissionthatChinahasprovidedmissilemanufacturingexpertiseandfacilitiestoPakistanandisIslamabad'slargestdefensesupplier.AccordingtoCurtis,BeijinghasprovidedPakistanwithM11(DF11)shortrangemissiles,builtaballisticmissilemanufacturingfacilitynearthecityofRawalpindiandassistedwiththedevelopmentthe750kmrangedsolidfuelledShaheen1ballisticmissile.ShefurthernotedthatBeijinghelpedPakistantobuildnuclearreactors.CurtisidentifiescounteringIndianinfluenceintheregionanddivertingitsmilitaryforceawayfromChinaasthemajorreasonsforChineseassistancetoPakistan."Analyst:ChineseMilitary,OtherTiestoPakistanCrucial;BeijingShouldIntervenewithIslamabadLeaders,StrivetoAvertFurtherNukeAdvances,"Space&MissileDefenseReport,1June2009,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.22May2009China'sMilitaryTrainingandArmsDepartmentoftheGeneralStaffHeadquartersstatesthatthePeople'sLiberationArmy(PLA)SecondArtilleryCorps(SAC)willbeassignedtosecondarymilitaryoperationsotherthanwar(MOOTW).Itsengineerswillspecializeinfutureemergenciesinvolvingtransportationfacilities.

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    DavidC.Ibsy,"ChineseMissileEngineerGainSecondaryMOOTWRole,"Jane'sMissilesandRockets,22May2009.23April2009Chinacelebratesthe60thanniversaryofthePeople'sLiberationArmyNavy(PLAN)andholdalargenavalparadeoffthecoastalcityofQingdaointheYellowSea.TheeventwitnessedthefirstpublicappearanceofChina'snuclearsubmarinesLongMarch6(Xiaclass/Type092SSBN)andLongMarch3(Hanclass/Type091nuclearattacksubmarine)whichledtheparade.PLAN,however,didnotdisplayanyofitsmoremodernsubmarines.Chinadisplayed25vesselsand31aircrafttogetherwith21vesselsfrom14foreigncountries.YuSong,"ChineseNuclearSubmarinesMakeFirstPublicAppearanceatNavyFleetReview,"ZhongguoTungxunShe(HongKong)inBBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com;and"ChinaHoldsLandmarkNavalParadetoMarkPLANavy60thAnniversary,"XinhuaGeneralNewsService,23April2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.22April2009WuShengli,memberoftheCentralMilitaryCommissionandCommanderofthePeople'sLiberationArmyNavy(PLAN),saysthatallcoastaldefenseunitshavebeenarmedwithguidedantishipandsurfacetoairmissiles,replacingcoastalandantiaircraftartillery.AccordingtoWu,coastaldefenseunitsarebecominganewtypeofservicearm,capableofairdefenseatkeylocationsandoveroffshorewaters.Fieldingthenewgenerationoflongerrangeshoretoshipmissilesalsoenhancestheabilitykeepenemiesoutoftherangeoftheirweaponsystems.ChenWanjun,WuDengfeng,"WuShengliSaysNavyCoastalDefenceUnitesCompleteFullConversiontoMissiles,"XinhuaNewsAgency,inBBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com;andDavidC.Ibsy,"China'sCoastalDefencesareAllMissile,"Jane'sMissles&Rockets,22May2009.8April2009AgrandjuryinNewYorkCityhandeddownanindictmentonChinesenationalLiFangweiandhiscompanyLimmtEconomicandTradeCompany,aswellassixIranianfirms,forusingNewYorkbankstofinancethesaleofhighstrengthmetalstotheDefenseIndustriesOrganization,anarmoftheIranianmilitary.Thematerialscanbeusedforlongrangemissileandnuclearweaponsproduction,includingenginenozzlesandcentrifuges.EightaliasfirmsthatLiusedtocircumventU.S.nonproliferationrelatedtradecontrolswerealsoidentified.Liwaschargedwithconspiracytoconcealbanktransactionsrelatedtothesales.LiresidesinChinaandisunlikelytobeextraditedtotheUnitedStatesfortrial.ColumLynch,"ChineseFirmIndictedinSalestoIran,"WashingtonPost,8April2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com;andJohnEligonandWilliamJ.Broad,"FirmisChargedwithSellingBannedMaterialstoIran,"NewYorkTimes,8April2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com;andhttp://manhattanda.org.8April2009ANewYorkcourtchargestheChineseexecutiveLiFangWeiandhiscompanyLimmtEconomicandTradeCompany,aswellassixIranianfirmsofusingNewYorkbankstofinancethesaleofhighstrengthmetalstotheDefenseIndustriesOrganization,anarmoftheIranianmilitary.Thematerialscanbeusedforlongrangemissileandnuclearweaponsproduction,includingenginenozzlesandcentrifuges.EightaliasfirmswereidentifiedthatLiusedtocircumventexportcontrols.Liwaschargedwithconspiracytoconcealbanktransactionsrelatedtothesales.ColumLynch,"ChineseFirmIndictedinSalestoIran,"WashingtonPost,8April2009,inLexisNexis,

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    www.lexisnexis.com;andJohnEligonandWilliamJ.Broad,"FirmisChargedwithSellingBannedMaterialstoIran,"NewYorkTimes,8April2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.1April2009TheU.S.NavalInstitutereportsthatChinahasdevelopedalongrangeantishipballisticmissilethatholdsU.S.Navyaircraftcarriergroupsatrisk.ThemissileisbasedontheDF21mediumrangeballisticmissile(MRBM)andhasarangeof2,000km.Thereportsaysthatthenewmissileisdifficulttolocateandtrackonradarbecauseofitscomplexguidancesystem,lowradarsignature,andamaneuverabilitythatmakesitsflightpathunpredictable.MartinSieff,"BMDWatch:ChinaTargetsU.S.Carriers,"UPI,1April2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.25March2009The2009Pentagonreportonthe"MilitaryPowerofthePeople'sRepublicofChina"statesthatChinahasthemostactivemissileprogramintheworld.Chinaisconstantlymodernizingitsintercontinentalballisticmissiles(ICBMs)andstarteddeployingthenewDF31andDF31AICMBs.Furthermore,twoofthenewJinclass(Type094)ballisticmissilesubmarines(SSBNs)arebelievedtohavealreadyenteredintoservice.Inaddition,Chinaisdevelopingquietattacksubmarines,advancedantishipcruiseandballisticmissiles,wireguidedandwakehomingtorpedoesasantiaccessandareadenialweapons,extendingitscapacitiesbeyondthenation'sborders.JimGaramone,"China'sMilitaryCapabilitiesContinuetoGrow,ReportSays,"DefenseDepartmentDocumentsandPublications,25March2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.8March2009TheChinaAerospaceScience&IndustryCorp.(CASIC)announcestheestablishmentofascholarshipworth5millionRMBforaerospaceresearchinthefiveprestigiousuniversities:TsinghuaUniversity,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,BeihangUniversity,BeijingInstituteofTechnology,andNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity.Thescholarshipwillbeavailableforundergraduateandpostgraduatestudents.CASICisacentrallyadministered,stateownedcorporationwhichfocusesonresearchanddevelopmentofmissilesystems,launchvehicleandotheraerospaceequipment."ChineseCompanyEstablishesScholarshipforAerospaceResearch,"XinhuaGeneralNewsService,8March2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.3March2009China'slargethrustcarrierrocketLongMarch(ChangzhengorCZ)5useslessfuelforthesameloadthananyotherrocketexceptBoeing'sDelta4Heavy,saysLiangXiaohong,vicepresidentoftheChinaAcademyofLaunchVehicleTechnology.Therocketisstillunderdevelopmentandscheduledtobebroughtintoservicein2014.Its"carryingcapacityfactor"(akeyparameterreflectingarocket'sperformance)is0.0146,comparedto0.0175oftheDelta4Heavy.Thehigherthefactor,thelessfuelisneeded.TheLongMarch5hasapayloadcapacityof25tonsandisexpectedtosendlunarrovers,largesatellitesandspacestationsintospace.TherocketwillbelaunchedfromanewsatellitelaunchcenterinWenchang,thesouthernmostislandofHainan,whichwillalsobeoperationalin2014."China'sJumboRocket'CarryingCapacityFactor'World'sSecondLargest,"XinhuaGeneralNewsService,3March2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.15February2009TaiwanMainlandAffairsCouncil(MAC)ChairwomenLaiShinyuanstatesthatChinahasincreasedthenumberofshortrangemissilestargetingTaiwantoabout1,500.AccordingtoLai,ChinaincreasedthenumberofmissileslastyearalthoughtensionseasedaftertheelectioninTaiwanofPresidentMaYingjeou."Inthisperiodofwarmth,a

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    warwon'tbreakout,butdon'tforgetChinastillhas1,500missilesaimedatTaiwanmorethan1,500andthat'snotright,"Laisaid.RalphJennings,"ChinaIncreasesMissilesPointedatTaiwanto1,500"TaipeiTimes,inBBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,15February2009,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.5February2009AccordingtotheUnitedStatesOfficeofNavalIntelligencethePeople'sLiberationArmyNavy's(PLAN)submarinescompletedtwelvepatrolmissionsin2008comparedwithsevenin2007,andtwoin2006.ComparedwithwesternnaviesthePLAN'ssubmarinesactivityrateremainslow,whereasitishighercomparedwiththeRussianFederationNavy,whichcompletedsevenmissionsin2008.AccordingtoJane'sNavyInternationalnoneofthePLAN'sballisticmissilesubmarines(SSBNs)hasconductedanydeterrentpatrols.China'sXiaclassSSBNbecameoperationalin2003;however,itsstatusisuncertain.FurthermorefiveofthenewJinclassSSBNsremainunderconstructionatHuludaoShipyardinLiaoningprovince,thefirstofwhichbecameoperationalin2007.TimFish,"ChinaStepsupSubmarinePatrols,"Jane'sNavyInternational,5February2009.

    200827December2008Chinasendswarshipsoutsideitsterritorialwatersforthefirsttimeincenturies.ThreeshipsarebeingsentfromSanyainHainanprovincetohelpwithinternationaleffortstocombatpiratesandprotectChinesevesselsintheGulfofAden,offtheSomalicoast.TheflagshipofthefleetistheWuhan,amultipurposemissiledestroyerequippedwith16antishipmissiles,48surfacetoairmissiles,closeinweaponssystemsandahelicopter.OneothershipwasidentifiedastheHaikou,thePeople'sLiberationArmyNavy'slatestdestroyermodel."ChinaDeploysAntiPirateWarships,"UPI,27December2008,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.17November2008TheTaiwaneseMinisterofNationalDefenseChenChaominstatesthatChinadeploysnewYJ62Asubsonicantishipcruisemissilesalongitssoutheasterncoast.TheYJ62Ahasamaximumrangeof400kmandcanalsobeusedasalandattackcruisemissile(LACM).ThisputstheentireTaiwanareaanditsmaritimeterritorywithinrange.DeborahKuo,"China'sNewMissileDeploymentBeingMonitored:Defense,"CentralNewsAgencyTaiwan,"17November2008,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.12September2008IndoAsianNewsServicereportsthatChinaactivelyhelpsBangladeshtobuildupamissilearsenal.ConcerningitsmissileprogramBangladeshdependsalmostentirelyonChinesehardwareandtechnology.Thefirstmissiletestwasconductedon12May2008andsuccessfullyfiredaC802AantishipcruisemissilewithactiveparticipationofChineseexperts.IndiaaccusesChinaofarmingSouthAsiannationssurroundingIndiawithmissilesystems."DhakaMissilesPartofBeijing'sEncirclementofIndia:Expert,"IndoAsianNewsService,12September2008,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.2September2008TheUnitedStatesTreasuryDepartmentliftssanctionsagainstChinaGreatWallIndustryCorp.TheChinesegovernment'sinternationalaerospacetradingcompanywasaccusedofsupplyingIranwithballisticmissiletechnologyin2006.GreatWallIndustryconvincedtheTreasuryDepartmentthatithadimplementedreforms.

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    FurthermoreChinarecognizedUnitedStateslawandinternationalagreementsagainstmissileproliferation.TheTreasuryDepartmenthadfrozenGreatWallIndustry'sassetsintheUnitedStatestopreventitfromdoingbusinessintheUnitedStates.CraigCovault,"U.S.LiftsSanctionsAgainstChinaGreatWallIndustryCorp,"AerospaceDaily&DefenseReport,2September2008,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.

    200724November2007TheEastandSouthChinaSeafleetsofthePeople'sLiberationArmyNavy(PLAN)holdalargescalecampaignlevelexercise.TheexercisewasconductedeastofTaiwanandnorthofthePhilippinearchipelago.TheobjectivesweretoenvelopeandsimulateapincerattackonTaiwanfromthesea.KiloclasssubmarinesboughtfromRussiasuccessfullylaunchedRussianmadeSSN27"Club"antishipcruisemissilesforthefirsttimeduringtheexercise.TheSSN27cancarrya250kgwarheadandhasarangeof220km."PLAExerciseMakesPincerAttackonTaiwan;TwoMajorFleetsSent;'ChanceEncounter'withKittyHawk,"MingPaoHongKong,24November2007,inBBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,24November2007,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.4November2007Inastatementduringthe17thCongressoftheChineseCommunistParty,ChinesePresidentandchairmanoftheCentralMilitaryCommission(CMC)HuJintaourgestheSecondArtilleryForce(SAF;orSAC,theSecondArtilleryCorps),China'sstrategicmissiletroops,toimproveitscapabilitiesquickly.HualsopraisedtheSAFforitsmodernizationprogressinrecentyears."China'sHuJintaoUrgesStrategicMissileForcetoImproveCapability,"BBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,4November2007,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.13September2007PakistantriestobuyairtoairmissilesfromtheFrenchcompanyMBDAandradarsfromThalesfortheJF17jetfighteritisdevelopingwithChina.Throughthisdeal,thetechnologycouldbetransferredtoChinadespitetheEuropeanarmsembargoonChina.BecausethesamemissilesandasimilartypeofradararealsobeingusedbyTaiwan'sFrenchbuiltMiragejetfighters,thedealcouldcompromisetheeffectivenessofTaiwan'sdefenses.JohnLeicester,"Report:PossibleFrenchArmsSaletoPakistanCouldHelpChinaCircumventEUWeaponsEmbargo,"TheAssociatedPress,13September2007,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.26July2007ChinastatesthatreportsaboutChinesemissilesbeingshippedtoIraqthroughIranaremisleadingandwronglydiscreditChina.ForeignMinistryspokesmanLiuJianchaomadethestatementafteraU.S.militaryspokesmaninBaghdadsaidChinesemademissileswerefoundinIraq.LiuJianchao'sstatementdoesnotruleoutthepossibilitythatChinesemissilescouldbeinIraq,butpointedoutthatChinahasstrictexportcontrolsanddoesnotsellweaponstononstateentitiesorindividuals."ChinaDeniesReportsThatitsMissilesHaveEndedUpinIraq,"AssociatedPressWorldstream,26July,2007,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.

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    20July2007ChinarevealsthenewDF25mediumrangeballisticmissileaspartofitsmilitarybuildupofnuclearandconventionalforces.TheDF25hasarangeof2,000milesandcancarryuptothreenuclearwarheads.Inaddition,anewversionoftheDF21shortrangeballisticmissile,theCSS6,wasrevealed.TheDF21isChina'sfirstantishipballisticmissiledesignedtotargetU.S.aircraftcarriersandotherwarships.BillGertz,"NewChineseMissiles,"TheWashingtonTimes,20July2007,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.3June2007ChinaparticipatesintheannualShangriLadialogueonAsiaPacificsecurityinSingaporeforthefirsttime.TheleaderoftheChinesedelegation,Lt.Gen.ZhangQinsheng,rejectsthenotionofaChinesethreattotheregion.U.S.SecretaryofDefenseRobertGatesofferstobriefChinaontheU.S.missiledefensesystemasassurancethatChina'snucleardeterrentisnotthreatened.Inthepast,ChinahadcriticizedAmericanandJapanesemissiledefenseplansagainstNorthKoreanmissiles."U.S.MayShareMissileInfoWithChina,"AgenceFrancePresse,3June,2007,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com,"PLAinShangriLa,"IndianExpress,4June2007,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.7May2007ChinateststhePL12activeradarguidedairtoairmissilefromaJ11B,aswellastwovariantsoftheKD88tacticalairtosurfacemissileandtheantiradiationmissile(ARM)YJ91.TheKD88,initsfinalstageofdevelopment,isturbojetpoweredwithaventralintake.TheKD88willprovidethePeople'sLiberationsArmyAirForce(PLAAF)withanindigenousfamilyofweaponstomeetrequirementscurrentlybeingmetbybuyingRussianproducts.CraigBarrie,"ChineseRockets;AirtoSurface,AirtoAirMissileProgramsProgressTowardUseinMultiplePlatforms,"AviationWeek&SpaceTechnology,7May2007,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.9April2007AviationWeek&SpaceTechnologyreportsthatChinaisacceleratingflighttestingofnewmediumandlongrangeballisticmissiles.BasedoninformationprovidedbyU.S.AirForceDefenseSupportProgram(DSP)missilewarningspacecraft,Chinaisdemonstratingawiderangeofnewtactics.Accordingtothereport,China'smissiletestingequalsthescaleoftheSovietUnion'smissilebuildupofthe1960sandisnearwartimeproductionofmissiles.CraigCovault,"EyesonChinaandIran;DSPMissileWarningSpacecraftProvideCriticalIntelligenceonAggressiveChinesePace,AsFinal$400millionSatelliteisReadiedtoBeginTransitiontoSBIRS,"AviationWeek&SpaceTechnology,9April2007,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.23March2007TheChinaNationalPrecisionMachineryImport&ExportCorporation(CPMIEC)confirmsthatChina'sP12tacticalsurfacetosurfacemissile(SSM)systemisundergoingitsfinaltests.Thesolidpropellantmissilehasarangeof50to150kmandhasalaunchweightofaround2,070kg,ofwhich450kgisthewarhead.On19ApriltheCPMIECstatesthattheP12willbeofferedontheexportmarket,alongwiththeB611,whichisalsoasolidpropellantSSM.TheB611hasarangeof60to260km,andalaunchweightof2,183kgofwhich480kgisthewarhead.ChristopherFoss,"ChineseP12TacticalSSMSysteminFinalTrials,"Jane'sDefenceWeekly,23March,2007;ChristopherFoss,"ChinaApprovesNewSurfacetoSurfaceMissilestoExport,"InternationalDefenceReview,19April2007.

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    5March2007ChinaintroducestheindigenouslydevelopedPL12activeradarguidedairtoairmissile,whichwillbecarriedbythenewJ10fighterjet.Themissileisinitsfinaldevelopmentstages.ThePL12hasthecapabilityofhittingtargetsbeyondvisualrange,andisbeingdevelopedbyaChinesemissilemanufacturerinLuoyang.Russianfirmsarealsoprovidingseveralcomponentstothedesign(includingtheseekerandinertialnavigationsystems).AtthesametimetheJ11B,aversionoftheSukhoiSu27FlankerwithChineseradar,isalsobeingequippedwiththePL12.ThiscombinationposesagreaterthreattoTaiwanthanthePL12/J10combination,astheJ11BwillcarrysixPL12andfourinfrareddogfightmissiles.Furthermore,itsradarhasalongeracquisitionrangeandawidercombatradius.TaiwantriestocounterChina'slatestweaponsbybuying218ofthelatestRaytheonAIM120C7advancedmediumrangeairtoairmissiles(Amraam)fromtheUnitedStates.Thisdealispartofa$421millionweaponspackage,whichalsoincludes235RaytheonAGM65G2Maverickairtogroundmissiles.DouglasBarrie;AmyButler,"MissileBooster;BeijingandTaipeiPlayTitForTatinGuidedWeaponsDevelopment,Acquisition,"AviationWeek&SpaceTechnology,5March,2007,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.2March2007TheU.S.OfficeofNavyIntelligence(ONI)publishesareportconcerningChina'snavalbuildup.AccordingtothereportChinaisdevelopingfivenewnuclearpoweredmissilesubmarines(SSBNs),identifiedasType094,eachequippedwith12new8,000kmrangeJL2missiles.Withseatrialsalreadybeingconducted,themissilesarelikelytobedeployednextyear.China'sbroadernuclearforcesbuildupalsoincludesthedeploymentofthenewlongrangelandbasednuclearmissilesDF31andDF31A,aswellaslandattackcruisemissiles.ONIstatesChinaisworkingtoachieveaforceof120longrangenuclearmissiles.Thesecouldalsocarrymultiplewarheads,asChinaisthoughttohavealreadyacquiredtheneededtechnology.Furthermore,theONIreportsaysthisbuildup"willprovideChinawithamodernandrobustseabasednucleardeterrentforce."Inadditiontoasubmarineforce,surfaceshipsarealsobeingdevelopedtodefendsealinesofcommunication(SLOCs).AccordingtoONI,Chinaislikelytooperateanaircraftcarrierby2020.BillGertz,"ChinaExpandsSubFleet;MilitaryBuildupIncludesNuclearMissileBoats,"TheWashingtonTimes,2March2007,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.22January2007ChinaincreasesthenumberofmissilesaimedatTaiwanto900.TheseincludetheshortrangeM11(300km)andM9(600km)missiles.AccordingtoaU.S.intelligencesource,ChinaalsostartstodeployDonghai(EastSea)cruisemissiles,similartotheU.S.Tomahawkcruisemissile.ChinesemissileforcesmainlyoperateinFujian,Guangdong,andJiangxiProvince.RogerCliff,aseniorresearcheratRandCorporationstatesthatTaiwan'sairforce,fueldepots,andradarstationswouldnotsurviveafirstmissilestrikefromChina."ChinaHasDeployed900MissilesTargetingTaiwan:Newspaper,"DeutschePresseAgentur,22January2007,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.11January23March2007Chinaconductsanantisatellitemissiletest,usingagroundbasedmediumrangeballisticmissile.ThemissileislaunchedfromXichangSpaceCentertodestroyanagingFengYun1C(FY1C)polarorbitsatellite(launchedin1999)about865kmabovetheearthand4degreeswestoftheXichangSatelliteLaunchCenter,throughkineticimpact.Thesuccessfultestcomesafterthreemisseson30November2006,20April2006,and26October2005.Australia,Canada,theUnitedStates,Japan,SouthKorea,theUnitedKingdom,andRussiaformallyexpresstheirconcernaboutthetestofanantisatellite(ASAT)weapon.TheASATtestisregardedasamessagetotheUnitedStatesafteritrejectedChina'sandRussia'sUNproposaltobanallspacebasedweapons.On16March,2007,

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    Chinaassertsthatthetestdidnottargetanyspecificcountryandcallsforthesigningofanewinternationaltreatyonpeacefulutilizationofouterspace.On23MarchJane'sIntelligenceDigestreportsthattheASATtesthasproducedalargeamountofdebris,threateningU.S.reconnaissancesatellitesaswellastheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).CraigCovault,"ChineseTestAntiSatelliteWeapon,"AviationWeek&SpaceTechnology,17January2007,www.aviationweek.com,"ChinaWantsNewInternationalTreatyonPeacefulUseofSpace,"ThePressTrustofIndia,16March2007,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com;CaitinHarrington,"ChineseASATTestRekindlesWeaponsDebate,"Jane'sDefenceWeekly,19January,2007;"ChinaThreatensUSIntelligenceSatellites,"Jane'sIntelligenceDigest,23March2007.5January2007Chinarevealsitsnewestgenerationoffighteraircraft,theJian10,developedbytheChinaAviationIndustryCorporationI(AVICI).Additionally,newfourthgenerationairtoairmissilesareintroduced.Chinaisthefourthcountryintheworldtodevelopitsownadvancedfighteraircraft.ZhangYi,Xinhua."ChineseAgencySaysJian10FighterPlane"HistoricLeap",inBBCMonitoringAsiaPacific,5January2007,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.

    200629December2006Initsnewlyreleasedwhitepaperonnationaldefense,ChinawarnsthatthesituationinNortheastAsiaisgetting"morecomplicatedandserious."WithU.S.Japaneseeffortstobuildaregionalmissiledefensesystem,aswellasaU.S.Japanesemissilebeingdeveloped,ChinabelievesitspositionintheregionandinfluenceoverTaiwanisbeingaffectednegatively.Futhermore,thewhitepaperstatesthatthecapabilitiesofthePLA'sSecondArtilleryCorps(orSAC,China'sstrategicnuclearmissileforce)increasedsignificantly.EdwardCody,"ChinaOffersaGlimpseofRationaleBehinditsMilitaryPolicies,"TheWashingtonPost,30December2006,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.21November2006TheU.S.ChinaEconomicSecurityReviewCommissionpublishesareportstatingthatChina'smilitarybuildupaimsatsinkingU.S.aircraftcarriersanddenyingU.S.forcestoaccesstotheAsiaPacificregion.DanielBlumenthal,aformerPentagonofficial,commentedonthereportstatingthatChina'sweaponsincludetentypesofballisticandcruisemissiles,andthatapproximately800missilesareaimedatTaiwan.AccordingtoBlumenthal,China'snewDF21Cballisticmissileiscapableofattackingshipsatseaanddefeatingshipbornemissiledefenses.BillGertz,"ChinaBuildupSeenAimedAtU.S.ships,"TheWashingtonTimes,22November,2006,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.8November2006AformerdefensecontractorandIndianborncitizen,NoshirS.Gowadia,providestechnicalassistancetoChinaindevelopingacruisemissileexhaustsystem,includingaradarevadingstealthexhaustnozzle.Inaddition,hehelpsChinamodifyacruisemissilesoitcaninterceptU.S.airtoairmissiles.Mr.GowadiaischargedwithspyinginafederalindictmentreleasedbyprosecutorsinHawaii.Hepleadsnotguilty,andhistrialisscheduledforJuly.BillGertz,"ChinaBoughtBomberSecrets;ExContractorChargedAsSpy,"TheWashingtonTimes,23November,2006,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.

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    31October2006AtChina'sinternationalairshowinZhuhai,thestateownedChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorporation(CASIC)showsitscompleteantishipmissileproductionlineforthefirsttime:TheC701(YJ7inChina),acompact,lightweightmissileusedbysmallattackcraftorbymobilelandbasedbatteries;theC704;theC801/802(YJ8/82),China'smostsophisticatedantishipmissile;andtheC602(YJ62),technicallyanantishipcruisemissile.Attheshow,ChineseDefenseMinisterColonelGeneralCaoGangchuanshowsinterestinthenewRussianKh31Psupersonicantishipmissile,madebytheTacticalMissileCorporation.TheTacticalMissileCorporationalreadysuppliesChinawithsuchdesignsastheKh31supersonicantishipmissile,theRVVAEairtoairmissileandtheKh59airtosurfacemissile.AccordingtoDirectorGeneralBorisObnosov,Chinaisalsointerestedinaftersaleservicing.StephanieWong,"World'sAviationIndustryGathersForKeyChineseAirShow,"AgenceFrancePresse,31October,2006,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com;"ChineseMilitaryInterestedinRussianMissiles,"Russia&CISMilitaryNewswire,1November2006,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.5September2006ChinatestsaDongfeng31ICBM,fromtheWuzhailaunchsitetoanimpactsiteintheTaklimakandesert.ChinainformsRussiaaboutthetestinadvance.Russianspacecontroltracksthemissilestatingthattheheadsectionofthemissileflewabout2500kilometers.TheDongfeng31willbereadyfordeploymentthisyear,anditsimprovedversion,theDongfeng31A,willbeputintoservicein2007."ChinaLaunchesOneMoreIntercontinentalBallisticMissile,"TASS,5September,2006,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.3August2006ThefirstofthenewChineseType051CLuzhouclassguidedmissiledestroyer(DDG)Shijiazhuang,currentlyfittedinDalian,isbelievedtohaveatacticalmissiledefense(TMD)capabilityandisabletodefeatairthreats.ItisexpectedtojointheNorthernfleetformissiledefenseduties.Themainarmamentconsistsof48S300F(SAN6'GrumbleC')surfacetoairmissiles.DavidIsby,"ChineseLuzhouclassConstructionPointstoTMDcapability,"Jane'sMissilesandRockets,3August2006.28July2006TheArmedwingofHezbollahfiresaradarguidedC802antishipcruisemissileatanIsraelinavalgunboatblockadingLebanon.ThesupplytrailgoesfromChinatoIran,andintoLebanonthroughSyria.InfluencedbytheU.S.useoflongrange,landattackcruisemissilesduringOperationDesertStorm,ChinaandIranstarteddevelopingsimilarweaponsystems.IranstartedimportingChineseC802antishipcruisemissiles.By1996whenChinasuspendedthedealduetoU.S.pressure,Iranhadreceivedabout75oftheexpected150missiles.TheC802cancarrya165kgwarheadoverarangeof120km.MichaelRichardson,"TheArmsTradeDeliverstoLebanon,"SouthChinaMorningPost,28July,2006,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com;"ChinaDoesNotDenyHezbollahUseditsMissiletoAttackIsraelU.S.Senator,"ChinaBusinessNewsOnLine,11August,2006,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.13June,2006TheU.S.governmentissuessanctionsonfourChinesecompaniesandoneU.S.companyunderExecutiveOrder13382,forsupplyingIran'smilitarywithmissilerelatedandotherdualusecomponents.TheChinesecompaniesareBeijingAliteTechnologiesCompanyLtd.,LIMMTEconomicandTradeCompanyLtd.,ChinaGreatWallIndustryCorporation(CGWIC),andChinaPrecisionMachineryImportExportCompany,whiletheU.S.company,G.W.

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    AerospaceCo.,isaU.S.representativeofficeofCGWIC.ThesanctionsprohibittransactionsbetweenthedesignatedcompaniesandU.S.entities,andfreezethecompanies'assetsinU.S.jurisdictions.AllfourChinesecompanieshavebeensanctionedbytheU.S.governmentinthepastforsimilaractivities,undertheIranNonproliferationActandotherexecutiveorders.JaneMorse,"StateDept:US,ChineseCompaniesSentMissilePartstoIran,TreasurySays,"USFedNewsService,IncludingUSStateNews,13June2006,inProquestwww.proquest.com.23May2006ThePentagonreleasesitsannualreporttocongressonChina'smilitarypower.ThereportstatesthatChina'sfuturemilitarystrategy,althoughtheprimaryfocusremainsonTaiwan,aimsatenhancingitspowerprojectioncapabilitiesinordertoincreaseitsinfluenceinAsia.AccordingtothePentagon'sreport,thePLAwillfocusonlongrangetargetsbydevelopingnewlongrangecruisemissiles,precisionweapons,guidancesystemsandantisatellite(ASAT)capabilities.Furthermore,ithighlightsChineseweaponpurchasesfromRussiaincludingtheNovator3M54E(SSN27BSizzler)antishipmissileandtheS300PMU2longrangeairdefensesystem.Inaddition,Chinaisupgradingitsnuclearintercontinentalballisticmissiles(ICBM).Thenewthreestage,roadmobile,solidfueled,7,250kmrangeDF31willbecomeoperationalthisyear,whilethe11,270kmrangeDF31Awillbecomeoperationalnextyear.Moreover,theJL2submarinelaunchedballisticmissile(SLBM),whichwillprimarilybedeployedinthenewType094submarines,willfollowby2010.AnnScottTyson,"FortifyingItsLongRangeMilitaryArsenal,"TheWashingtonPost,24May2006,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com;RobertWall,DouglasBarrie,"MissileMovement:ChinaProgresseswithLongRangeBallisticAirDefenseMissileModernization,"AviationWeek&SpaceTechnology,29May2006,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.18May2006Jane'sMissilesandRocketsreportsthataccordingtoareportbytheTaiwaneseMinistryofNationalDefense,China'sgroundlaunchedlandattackcruisemissile(LACM)capabilityisnowoperational.The821stMissileBrigadeofthePLAisLuorong,Guangxiprovince,isinchargeofthenewcruisemissiles.ThetypeoftheLACMisbelievedtobetheDH10.DavidIsby,"ChineseLACMsEnterService,"Jane'sMissilesandRockets,18May,2006.1May2006ChinabuysVympelRWAEAA12'Adder'advancedradaractivehomingairtoairmissilesfromRussia.Chinaalreadybought1,500andwillprocureanadditional100in2006.TheRWAEwillbeequippedtotheSu27,theSu30MKK,andtheSu30MK2aircraftinChineseservice.DavidIsby,"ChinabuysairtoairmissilesfromRussia,"Jane'sMissilesandRockets,1March,2006.10April,2006AviationWeekandSpaceTechnologyreportsthataradarguidedversionoftheChineseC701cruisemissilewasrecentlytestedinIranduringmilitaryexercises.RecentmilitarycooperationbetweenChinaandIranincludestransfersofC701andC802antishipcruisemissiles,calledtheKosarandNoorinIran,respectively.TheC701withradarguidedcapabilitieswasfirstexhibitedin2004byChinaPrecisionMachineryImportExportCompanyatanairshowinZhuhai,China.DouglasBarrie,"FiringAway;MissileInIranianExerciseUnderscoresExtentofGuidedWeaponTiesBetweenTehranandBeijing,"AviationWeekandSpaceTechnology,10April2006,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.

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    7April2006ThePLAsuccessfullytestsanewsurfacetoairmissilesystem(SAM)atadesertsiteinnorthwesternChina.Twotargetsweredestroyed,onesimulatingahighaltitudereconnaissanceaircraftandtheothersimulatingamissileofunspecifiedtype.ThemissilesarebelievedtobeanimprovedversionoftheHQ9SAM."China'sPLAtestsPatriotclassSAM,"Jane'sMissilesandRockets,7April2006.7March2006OnSaturdayChinaannouncesanincreaseofitsmilitarybudgetforthisyearby14.7percent,to283.8billionYuan(35.1billiondollars).ChineseForeignMinisterLiZhaoxingdefendstherisingofChina'smilitarybudget,claimingthatChina'srapiddevelopmentwouldposenothreattoothernations.Taiwan'sDefenceMinistryrespondsstatingthatChinahasdeployed784missilestargetingTaiwan.ChenChanghua,intelligenceofficerofthedefenseministrysays,"Withthoseweapons,themainlandiscapableoflaunchingfiveroundsofattacksforconsecutively10hoursatourairports'runways,powergenerationplantsandmilitarylogisticunits.""Chinadefendsmilitaryspending,claimingitposesnothreat,"DeutschePresseAgentur,7March2006,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.3March2006Taiwan'sMinistryofNationalDefense(MND)estimatesthat700800ChineseDF11(M11)andDF15(M9)shortrangeballisticmissiles(SRBM)aretargetingTaiwan.ThemissilesarelocatedatLepingandGanxianinJinagxiprovince;atMeizhouinGuangdongprovince;andatYonganandXianyouinFujianprovince.Taiwan'sMNDestimatesthatthenumberofmissileswillbeincreasedto1,800by2010.WendellMinick,"TaiwaneseMNDwarnsifincreasedballisticmissilethreatby2010,"Jane'sMissilesandRockets,3March,2006.1March2006ArmyLt.Gen.MichaelMaplestellstheSenateArmsServicesCommitteethat"oneofChina'stopmilitaryprioritiesistostrengthenandmodernizeitsstrategicnucleardeterrentforcebyincreasingitssize,accuracyandsurvivability,"andthatChinesemissileexpansionwill"enhancetheircoercionanddeterrencevalueandovercomeballisticmissiledefenses."Gen.MaplesalsosaidthatBeijingisbuildingasubmarinelaunchedballisticmissile,the8,000milerangeJL2,andhasbeenflighttestingitandtwootherlongrangemissiles.Deploymentisexpectedinthenextfouryears.BillGertz,"ExpandedinfluenceseenasChinesemilitarygoal,"TheWashingtonTimes,1March2006,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.9February17May,2006On9February,aFloridafederalgrandjuryindictstwomenchargedwithattemptedillegalexportofmilitaryequipmenttoChina.KoSuenMoo,aTaiwaneseSouthKoreancitizen,andMauriceSergeVoros,aFrenchnational,havebeenaccusedofviolationsoftheArmsExportControlActincludingtheattemptedexportofanF16fighterjetengine,Blackhawkhelicopterengines,cruisemissiles,andairtoairmissilestothePRC,andfacesentencesofupto20yearsinprison.On11March,theAlbany,NYFederalDistrictCourtindictsJunWangofAlbany,forconspiracytoviolatetheInternationalTrafficinArmsRegulations(ITAR),andtheExportAdministrationAct.Wangallegedlytriedtoexportelectronicsusedinunmannedaerialvehicle,missile,andtorpedoflightcontrolsystemstoChinawithoutanexportlicense.

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    On17MayKoSuenMoopleadsguiltytobeingacovertChineseagent,conspiracytobrokerandexportU.S.defenseitemsandattemptingtopaya$500,000bribetowinreleasefromcustody.Moofacesupto30yearsinprisonandfinesof$2millionatsentencing,whichwasnotimmediatelyscheduled."TwoChargedinPlottoExportMissileComponentsandMilitaryAircraftEnginestoPeople'sRepublicofChina,"USFedNewsService,IncludingUSStateNews,9February,2006,inProquest,www.proquest.com;JerrySeper,"TwoIndictedinChinaWeaponsPlot,ArmsExportActViolationsCited,"TheWashingtonTimes,11February,2006,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com;"ManChargedinPlottoIllegallyExportTechnologywithMissile,UnmannedAerialVehicleApplicationstoChina,USFedNewsService,IncludingUSStateNews,23March,2006,inProquest,www.proquest.com;CurtAnderson,"TaiwanManPleadsGuiltyinArmsCase,"AssociatedPressOnline,17May2006,inLexisNexiswww.lexisnexis.com.17January2006Jane'sDefenseWeeklyreportsthatthePLAisequippingits600kmrangeDF15(CSS6)shortrangeballisticmissileandtheDF21(CSS5)2,150kmrange,or2,500kmfortheDF21Amodel,mediumrangeballisticmissilewithterminalguidancecapabilities.Thelatestversion,theDF21Cislikelytobeequippedwithmaneuveringreentryvehicles(MRVs)withradarorinfraredseekers.TedParsons,"ChinaDevelopsAntiShipMissiles,"Jane'sDefenceWeekly,17January2006.14January2006China'sparticipationintheEuropeanUnion'sGalileoglobalnavigationsystemraisesserioussecurityissueswiththeUnitedStates.GalileotechnologycouldimproveprecisionstrikecapabilitiesofChina'snewlandattackandantishipcruisemissiles,longrangesurfacetoairmissiles,andantiradiationmissilescurrentlyunderdevelopment.TheChinesegovernmenthasalreadyinvestedabout$240millionintheproject.SethG.JonesandF.StephenLarrabee,"Let'sAvoidAnotherTransAtlanticFeud,"TheInternationalHeraldTribune,14January2006,inLexisNexis,www.lexisnexis.com.

    200526December2005U.S.StateDepartmentspokesmanAdamEreliannouncesthattheBushadministrationhasimposednewsanctionsonChinesecompaniesitbelieveshaveaidedIran'smissileprogram.ThecompaniesincludeNorthIndustriesCorporation(NORINCO),ChinaAerotechnologyImportandExportCorporation(CATIC),HongduAviationIndustryGroup,theLimmtMetallurgyandMineralsCompany,Ounion(Asia)InternationalEconomicandTechnicalCooperationLtd.andtheZiboChemetEquipmentCompany.Thesanctionseconomicimpactwilllikelybelimitedhowever,duetothefactthatthecompaniesarealreadybarredfromdoingbusinesswiththeUnitedStates.BillGertz,"U.S.PutsSanctionsonChineseFirmsforAidingTehran,"TheWashingtonTimes,27December2005,inLexisNexis,web.lexisnexis.com;DavidE.Sanger,"U.S.toPunish9CompaniesSaidtoHelpIranonArms,"TheNewYorkTimes,28December2005,inLexisNexis,web.lexisnexis.com.1820October2005U.S.SecretaryofDefenseDonaldRumsfeldtravelstoBeijingandbecomespartofthefirstU.S.delegationtovisittheheadquartersofChina'snucleararmedforces,theSecondArtillery.DuringhistripRumsfeldtellsasymposiumattheChineseMilitaryAcademyforSciencethatChina'sexpandingballisticmissileforcesgives"causeforconcern"among"anumberofcountrieswithinterestsinthisregion."SecondArtillerycommanderGeneralJing

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    ZhiyuanassuresRumsfeldthatChinawillabidebyits"nofirstuse"policywithregardstoitsnuclearweapons.TheU.S.DepartmentofDefensealsoaskedtovisitChina'smilitarycommandcenterinWesternHillsbutthisrequestwasturneddown.ThomShanker,RumsfeldTellsChinaitsMilitaryBuildupWorriesNeighbors,TheNewYorkTimes,21October2005,inLexisNexis,web.lexisnexis.com;"Rumsfeld'sPartingShot;'ChinaisExpandingitsBallisticMissileForcesandThoseForcesareEnabledtoReachManyAreasoftheWorld,WellBeyondthePacificRegion...aNumberofCountries...areAskingQuestionsAboutChina'sIntentions,'"TheStraitsTimes(Singapore),21October200


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