中华人民共和国卫生部

China Progress Report

on Rural Sanitation Improvement

Bali, Indonesia 10 Sep 2012

Ministry of Health, P.R. China

中 人民共和国 生部华 卫

Contents

Ⅰ Achievements

Ⅱ Major measures

Ⅲ Challenges and outlooks

一、

中 人民共和国 生部华 卫

• Coverage: 9.6 million square kilometers• Total population: around 1.37 billion, in which half more

are rural population• Different development level in different regions• Realized the goal on safe drinking water 6 years in advance

(based on 2015)• Sanitation improvement: Government leading

Rural latrine improvement has been included in national medical reform project and national development plan

3

Introduction

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• 2009-2011: the central government input CNY4.448 billion, and supported 11.05 million harmless sanitary latrines in rural areas

• By the end of 2011, the proportion of rural household sanitary latrines has reached 69.18%

(the target to 2011 is 68% in National Medical Reform Plan)• By 2015, China is confident to reach MDG sanitation target.• Improvement of rural environment • Promotion of residents’ health awareness

Ⅰ Achievements

4

中 人民共和国 生部华 卫

Ⅰ Achievements

5

Fig.1 Proportion of latrine improvement in rural China from 2000 to 2011

69.18

45.00 46.0948.81 50.92 53.1

55.31 54.95 56.9759.72

63.1167.43

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

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Macro-planning with multiple measures Mobilize resources and guarantee fund on rural latrine

improvement Organize public education, and engage the masses Make plan according to local conditions, and guarantee

quality Introduce market mechanism, and promote sustainable

development Enhance international cooperation

Ⅱ Major measures

6

中 人民共和国 生部华 卫

• 2.1 Macro-planning with multiple measures– Rural latrine improvement is a major component in the

construction of New Countryside– Government’s commitments to MDG through 10th, 11th, and

12th Five-Year Plan– MOH: latrine improvement in six major public health

services starting in 2009– “National Action Plan on Environmental Health in Urban

and Rural Areas”

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Ⅱ Major measures

中 人民共和国 生部华 卫

• 2.2 Mobilize resources and guarantee fund on rural latrine improvement– The central government input on rural latrine totaled

CNY4.448 billion from 2009 to 2011– The provincial and county-level governments implement

the projects.– Residents assist in the construction of latrines through

labor work.– Mass media focus on rural sanitation: health promotion

and HH latrine use and maintenance

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Ⅱ Major measures

中 人民共和国 生部华 卫

• 2.3 Organize public education, and engage the masses– Health education/promotion activities

demonstration/exhibition

site introduction and training

related propaganda material distribution

health promotion class in school– Triggering the rural residents’ willingness

latrine is essential for their own life

construct latrines appropriately, which can further promote environmental health

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Ⅱ Major measures

中 人民共和国 生部华 卫

• 2.4 Make plan according to local conditions, and strengthen guidance – Six kinds of sanitary latrines recommended:

3-compartment septic tank toilet

Double urn funnel latrine

Biogas latrine

Eco-san (Urine and fecal segregative toilet)

Lavatories with complete flushing and sewage system

In-turn-used Double-vault Dry Latrines

– Technical trainings and guidance for project areas: ensuring the quality and appropriate use of these latrines

10

Ⅱ Major measures

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• 2.5 Introduce market mechanism, and promote sustainable development– Market mechanism introduction and exploration:

To cultivate a better sanitation market in rural areas

To establish a market promotion mode-- technical creation/renewal and development, and decreased economic burdens

Win-win market mechanism to stakeholder

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Ⅱ Major measures

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• 2.6 Enhance international cooperationFocus on rural environmental health problems and achieving

MDG goals– UNICEF、WHO、WB、 DFID、 AusAid and other

developed countries– Application of advanced technologies– Experience exchange and new concept learned– Capacity building valuable experiences – … …

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Ⅱ Major measures

中 人民共和国 生部华 卫

• Large population with insufficient sanitation infrastructure– Based on current trend, 25% of the Chinese populations, about

165 millions, are still unable to access sanitary latrines by the 2015.

– Uneven regional development

how to improve latrines in regions with different development stages and make sanitation improved for all

Priority on bridging regional gap in future work

Western and central China -- limited progress

Ⅲ Challenges and outlooks

13

中 人民共和国 生部华 卫

• Next steps and outlook– To continue implementing rural latrine improvement

projects after 2012.– By 2015, reach MDG sanitation target.– More attention on rural sanitation – Conduct overall management focusing on rural water

supply and latrine improvement– Mass media and propaganda; rural living environment as

well as health awareness among rural residents

Ⅲ Challenges and outlooks

14

中 人民共和国 生部华 卫15

Sanitation for all – Towards 2015 and Beyond