8/17/2019 China's Revolution(1)

1/2

China’s Revolution: Maoism, 1949-76

I. China, 1900-1949: Colonialism, revolution, civil wars, invasion an occu!ation

". European and Japanese “spheres of influence” since 1890s

1. Economic colony of the Great Powers – no industrialiation

!. Peasants – a"out 9#$ of the population

%. Emperor o&erthrown "y Guomindan'()ationalist party* 1911

1. +oundin' of )ationalist party* 190#

!. Pro'ram of )ationalist party, )ationalism and democracy-. upporters of )ationalist party, /iddle class in cities

. )ationalist partyommunist party alliance durin' ci&il war a'ainst warlords*

1912!31. )ew leader of )ationalist party, hian' 4aishe5* 19!#

a. /ore military and authoritarian than democratic ". upported "y "an5ers* "usinessmen and landowners

!. +oundin' of ommunist party* 19!1

a. 6eader of ommunist party, /ao 7setun'(hedon' ". Pro'ram of ommunist party, Peasants as hinas re&olutionary class

:. )ationalist &ictory in ci&il war* 19!3

1. )ationalist persecution of the ommunist party* 19!3-;!. )ationalist 'o&ernment esta"lished at )an to distant ?enan* 19-;;#1. @ll land 'i&en to local peasants increasin' peasant(popular support

!. Guerrilla warfare fou'ht a'ainst the Japanese patriotic reputation A fresher

armed forces in 19;#

+. )ationalistommunist ci&il war resumed after Japanese surrender* 19;#;9

1. ommunist &ictory on mainland, Peoples Bepu"lic of hina* 19;9!. )ationalist retreat to 7aiwan, Bepu"lic of hina* 19;9

II. Mao’s revolution in China, 1949-76

@. hinese ommunism under the o&iet =talinist> model* 19;9#8

1. Economic systema. +irst +i&e?ear Plan* 19#-

 ". ollecti&iation of a'riculture* 19##

!. Political system, 7otalitarianisma. Cneman rule o&er party* state and people

 ". /aos personality cult and the 6ittle Bed %oo5 

8/17/2019 China's Revolution(1)

2/2

-. ocial chan'e, /arria'e law* 19#0

a. Domen could choose hus"ands

 ". Dife and hus"and were eual in the householdc. Domen would earn eual pay for eual wor5 

%. /aos radical eFperiments

1. Great 6eap +orward* 19#8a. Pro'ram ommunaliation, Giant communes(collecti&e farms

%ac5yard steel mills, Peasants must meet "oth industrial and

a'ricultural uotas

 ". Besults, Economic collapse and famine* 19#921

c. Beco&ery under moderate ommunists* 192022!. Great Proletarian ultural Be&olution* 192229

a. Bed Guards =students> &s. the “+our Clds”, old ideas* old culture* old

customs* old classes ". 7ar'ets(&illains

ommunist party moderates =“capitalist roaders*” “re&isionist runnin'

do's”> /iddle class =“"our'eois”> professionals and intellectuals

Dealthy =landowners>

 )ationalist party supporters

c. eroes, Dor5ers* peasants* soldiers and their familiesd. Besult, Economic collapse and social disorder 

e. Beco&ery under moderate ommunists* 192932

. /aos dis'race and death* 1932