Chinese DynastiesChinese Dynasties

Geography of Growth and Geography of Growth and DeclineDecline

AP Period IAP Period I To 600 BCETo 600 BCE

Xia DynastyXia Dynasty2070-1600 BCE2070-1600 BCE

Mythological dynastyMythological dynasty Written accounts from Shang tell their storyWritten accounts from Shang tell their story Located along Yellow RiverLocated along Yellow River

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty1523-1028 BCE1523-1028 BCE

Yellow RiverYellow River Oracle Bones show first written languageOracle Bones show first written language Horse chariots, spoked wheel, pottery, silk Horse chariots, spoked wheel, pottery, silk

developeddeveloped Decimal system and accurate calendarDecimal system and accurate calendar Ancestor worshipAncestor worship

Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty1027-256 BCE1027-256 BCE

Longest lasting dynasty 900 yearsLongest lasting dynasty 900 years Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven Feudal systemFeudal system Kingdoms develop that lead to fallKingdoms develop that lead to fall Confucius (551-479 BCE)Confucius (551-479 BCE) Yin and Yang, Ren and LiYin and Yang, Ren and Li Laozi founds Daoism (the way)Laozi founds Daoism (the way)

5 Relationships of Confucianism5 Relationships of Confucianism

1.1. Ruler to subjectRuler to subject

2.2. Father to sonFather to son

3.3. Husband to wifeHusband to wife

4.4. Older brother to younger brotherOlder brother to younger brother

5.5. Friend to friendFriend to friend

Period IIPeriod II 600 BCE to 600 CE600 BCE to 600 CE

Qin DynastyQin Dynasty221-206 BCE221-206 BCE

10 years long – shortest dynasty10 years long – shortest dynasty Iron developedIron developed First Emperor ShihuangdiFirst Emperor Shihuangdi Unified kingdomsUnified kingdoms Built Great WallBuilt Great Wall Standardized laws, currency, weights and Standardized laws, currency, weights and

measures, writing systemmeasures, writing system Harsh ruler used “Legalism”Harsh ruler used “Legalism” Dynasty falls 1 year after his deathDynasty falls 1 year after his death

Han DynastyHan Dynasty206 BCE-220 CE206 BCE-220 CE

Expansion of EmpireExpansion of Empire North Vietnam, Korea and Central Asia North Vietnam, Korea and Central Asia

controlcontrol Tribute system developedTribute system developed Trade along Silk Road boomsTrade along Silk Road booms Civil Service examinations based on Civil Service examinations based on

ConfucianismConfucianism Invention of paper, sundials, broaden use of Invention of paper, sundials, broaden use of

metalsmetals

Six Dynasties “Warring States”Six Dynasties “Warring States”220-586 CE220-586 CE

Period of turmoil and Period of turmoil and disunity. disunity. Characteristics of the Characteristics of the period are:period are:

WarsWars PlaguePlague Political instabilityPolitical instability People begin to People begin to

question traditional question traditional belief systemsbelief systems

Sui DynastySui Dynasty581-618 CE581-618 CE

Buddhism popularBuddhism popular Confucian civil service examsConfucian civil service exams Grand Canal startedGrand Canal started Rebellions end empireRebellions end empire

Period IIIPeriod III

600 CE to 1450600 CE to 1450

Tang DynastyTang Dynasty618-906 CE618-906 CE

Focus on scholarship over soldiersFocus on scholarship over soldiers Known for poetryKnown for poetry A mini Golden AgeA mini Golden Age Expanded influence to Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia Expanded influence to Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia

and Koreaand Korea Tribute system usedTribute system used Confucian exams continuedConfucian exams continued Visited by Byzantines and ArabsVisited by Byzantines and Arabs Rise of warlords ends dynastyRise of warlords ends dynasty

Five Dynasties Period “Warring Five Dynasties Period “Warring States”States”

907-960 CE907-960 CE

Brief and unremarkable in Brief and unremarkable in terms of military terms of military activity and economic activity and economic progress.progress.

Two Artistic Advances:Two Artistic Advances: ““white ware” porcelainwhite ware” porcelain ““monumental ink monumental ink

landscape”landscape”

Song DynastySong Dynasty960-1279 CE960-1279 CE

Copied Tang modelCopied Tang model Developed moveable type printingDeveloped moveable type printing Influenced Japan and Korea through literatureInfluenced Japan and Korea through literature Gunpowder inventedGunpowder invented Mini industrial revolution in production of ironMini industrial revolution in production of iron Used water wheel powered furnacesUsed water wheel powered furnaces Champa riceChampa rice Population doublesPopulation doubles Foot bindingFoot binding Neo Confucianism – borrowed Buddhist ideas of soul Neo Confucianism – borrowed Buddhist ideas of soul

and individual and individual

Yuan DynastyYuan Dynasty1280 1365 CE1280 1365 CE

Kublai KhanKublai Khan Dismissed Confucian scholarsDismissed Confucian scholars Imported Islamic administratorsImported Islamic administrators Forbid marriage between Mongols and ChineseForbid marriage between Mongols and Chinese Banned Chinese from learning Mongol languageBanned Chinese from learning Mongol language Chinese not allowed to “Mongolize”Chinese not allowed to “Mongolize” Pax Mongolia = trade increasesPax Mongolia = trade increases Paper moneyPaper money Tax farmingTax farming

Period 4Period 4

1450-17501450-1750

Ming DynastyMing Dynasty1368-1644 CE1368-1644 CE

Return to Confucian principlesReturn to Confucian principles De-mongolizationDe-mongolization Zheng He explored S.E. Asia, Indian Ocean to E. Zheng He explored S.E. Asia, Indian Ocean to E.

Africa 100 years before Europeans.Africa 100 years before Europeans. ““Single whip” system = 1 currency silverSingle whip” system = 1 currency silver Ming porcelain (China)Ming porcelain (China) Problems – Mongols to northwest, pirates off coast, Problems – Mongols to northwest, pirates off coast,

Portuguese arriving, faminePortuguese arriving, famine Hired Qing Manchu soldiers to help in KoreaHired Qing Manchu soldiers to help in Korea

Period 5Period 5

1750-19001750-1900

Qing ChinaQing China1644-1912 CE1644-1912 CE

1773 Opium War1773 Opium War 1800 White Lotus Rebellion (Buddhists)1800 White Lotus Rebellion (Buddhists) 1850 Taiping Rebellion1850 Taiping Rebellion 1860 Self-strengthening movement1860 Self-strengthening movement 1883 Sino-French war lose Vietnam1883 Sino-French war lose Vietnam 1893 Sino Japanese war lose Korea and Taiwan1893 Sino Japanese war lose Korea and Taiwan 1900 Boxer rebellion 1900 Boxer rebellion 1901 foot-binding abolished1901 foot-binding abolished 1905 2,000 year old examination system 1905 2,000 year old examination system

abolishedabolished

Period 6Period 6

1900 to Present1900 to Present

Republic of ChinaRepublic of China1912-1949 CE1912-1949 CE

1911 Democratic Revolution1911 Democratic Revolution Sun Yat-Sen establishes a republicSun Yat-Sen establishes a republic Kuomindang party (KMT)Kuomindang party (KMT) WesternizationWesternization 3 principles = nationalism, socialism, 3 principles = nationalism, socialism,

democracydemocracy Chiang Kai-shek 1925 military leadership after Chiang Kai-shek 1925 military leadership after

Sun Yat-Sen diesSun Yat-Sen dies WWII KMT and Communists (Mao) fight WWII KMT and Communists (Mao) fight

JapaneseJapanese 1949 Mao and Communists defeat KMT1949 Mao and Communists defeat KMT

Modern ChinaModern China1949-Present1949-Present

Mao ZedongMao Zedong People’s Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China 1955 Great Leap Forward = agricultural 1955 Great Leap Forward = agricultural

communes (failed)communes (failed) 1964 develop nuclear bomb1964 develop nuclear bomb 1965 Cultural Revolution = remove western 1965 Cultural Revolution = remove western

influence = forced egalitarianism, “little red influence = forced egalitarianism, “little red book” (failed)book” (failed)

1972 U.S. President Nixon visits China1972 U.S. President Nixon visits China 1976 Mao dies1976 Mao dies

1976 Deng Xiaoping1976 Deng Xiaoping Restored traditional education, restructured Restored traditional education, restructured

economyeconomy 1980 1 child per family policy1980 1 child per family policy WesternizationWesternization Joint trade with foreign companiesJoint trade with foreign companies 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre1989 Tiananmen Square massacre

Comparison of China and USAComparison of China and USA

China: Language MapChina: Language Map