CHIROPRACTIC. PARALLAX ~ '

CHIROPRACTIC HISTORY by Merwyn V. Zarbuck, D.C. Part 5

SOLON LANGWORTHY CON'l'INUED

The t 904 reorganized American School ol Chiropractic In · Cedar Rapids, lowa. was: incor­potated, by Solon langworthy, D.C., oakley

..,. and M. · . · D C 58 Dr Smith, ' .u.C., . mora P.u;son, • • • Smith graduated under D.D. Palmer in Davenport in 1899 and Dr~ Pusoo under D..D .. in Santa Barbara., California 1n mid 1903.

A chiropractic historical adjustment is ne~ sa:ry o( this time !ra.me. All chiropractic his­locrians have r~ted D • .D. t.o be in P()l'tland, Oregon after he lert Davenport, low:a in June l902. It is also infened that D.D. quit or~:retired from chiropractic, and that B..;r. Palmer became president of tbe Davenport facility at this time.

Other historians; past and present, have stated that D.D. left Dav~t In 1902 because or a ciVil suit filed by Henry Reiring, a 1901 Palmer student, wbo attempted to have his tuition refunded. This UtigaUoo w.as settled tong before. D.D.'s departure •... This was. sim~y not the truth, these prevaricationa were fDrmtilated by D.D. ' detractors;. then, and now, who see.Jc to exclude him from the development ol chiropractic science and,educatioo.

Tbe truth is that D.D • . Palmer left Dav~, lowa in Jwe or 1902 as a result ,.or pressqre lro.m members of the_ ".medical trust, • .,, .Recently, the A.M.A. haS' stated that they haVe been opposed to+ chiropractic sin~ the bqinning .. This is true, tbey began their public tirades in. 1899 a~iost D • .D. and t~ · Palmer School, tbe fountainhead or parent school o.t ·chiro-

. 59 . pra.ctic. D.'(). did not go to Portland, Oregoo in 1902,

he went to Pasadena, palifomia in June t>f 1902, and :to santa Barbara on ,November 1 1902 and esta.blished schools in both pla~ .. &d He wu pre:rident ol' tbe :Palmer ' School at Davenport at all times until April t 9()6, when l'J • .t. bought hi$; int«rest, after 1),..1). bad ~ incarcerated in the SCOtt County jail tor Jtpl'ac­Ucing medicine witnout a license:.," The court basicslly ruled that giving spinal adjustments tq cure disease was the practice o! medicme .. 6l

The schools were established lmde'r authority of the corporate charter ot D.,D. Palmer-'s School o.t Magnetic. Cure · o.t June 11, U96, as branches. or the Davenport sdlool. Article. l 1 paragraph 3' of' the , chartet" expressly granted autho'r'ity to ttestablish branch schooJs: and tn! irrnaries at other places." Legally speaking, chiropractic was taught under the magneti.c

4/IPSCA JOUZ"ffliZ ·of t:hi~/J~ 1989 · · ~ .. .. ,;. ·.

charter. Jn. 1902, D.D. was president, Villa (D • .D.IS

wii'e) was treasurer, and B.J. was secreta.r) of tlle ~orporation. All •• served as metnbefa' ol the Board of D.irectors.62

B.J,. was left in 9'hatge of tbe Da,venport facility when D.D. left in June of 1902 a.nc1 his advertlsf:me:nt clearly stated D.O. presic:leht and B.J. secretary or "Adjuster in Chief.tt B..l. was indicted by the Scott C<>unty grand jury in Pebruaey of 1903 at the instigation of the same person that caused his father to leave--,. member of the Iowa Board ot Medical E:Jaminers. The~ case against B.J~ was: complicated to

prosecute, with D.D., the president of the· corporation, domiciled in California.. A fully documented article wil1 soon be published on.D&D. Palmer's time in California.

Oakley Smith1 D.C' .. joined D. D.,. as an incor­porator of the Santa Barbara D.D. Palmer School ot Chiropractic in early 1903 and was · · listed as a "demonstrator or anatomy." Mmora Puson attended and graduated !rom the Santa Barbera School in "August of 1903. she also .. became a Santa Barba.ta incorporator. D.D. WD oppreaed · by the "medical trust" in .November- of 1903 . in the same manner as in. Davenport4y ,a member of the Caliform. ~· State Board: of Medic8l. Eu..miners. 63

D.D." brietly ~turned to Da.venport and then went to Chicago, minois to establish another brandt chl~ctic ~hool in Jam.wy of 1904. Smith and Pusoo were also partners ,in thiS venture,. Tbe low,tder wu again ~ in the same manner as in Davenport and Santa Barbara in MarCh of · 1.90.4. ChiCago was, as :is, cthe home of the A.M.A.; they must ha've known of his presen~.

D.D. returned t<l:' Davenport. Pa:xson and t· Smith stayed in Chicago and passed the Dlinois eamina.tion. tor "~ healers•" IIDd their licenses ifsted chiropractic as their declared m.etbod of pra~tice.. Their licenses were daled May 24, 1'904. Minora Paxson was also lioensed to practice, midwitery at t.be, same time. 1bese were the tlrst lie~ issued to practice chiro­practic in the u.s.,.64 unless· one counts the · West Virginia county license· issued to a.J.I Palmer on JanUary 26, 1904 .. 65 .

Shortly, aftef .lllino:w li~ensure, Drs. P~ and Smith Joined Langworthy as incorporators in the· American_ School' of Chiropractic in Ce<lar ltapidl. Iowa.. . .

Langworthy· had .rmally gotten some o( o.n_.

contiiJ.ued on page j

A·- ··~ •.o

continued from page 4 Zarbuck

Langworthy had finally gotten some of D.D. Palmer's early graduates to join him in his

·. chiropractic school adventure. This "Bohemian trio" were to promote "Bohemian Chiropractic,"

D.'s ' ~ laud Frank Dvorsky, the illiterate Bohemian :ory J . immigrant as the founder of chiropractic, llers • and launch a vicious slanderous attack against

~ 8nd lent B.,J. Jllr)f . the

D.D. Palmer. These naturopathic chiropractors (mixers)

sought to replace D.D. because of his set views t o practice and teach chiropractic tmmixed. By claiming foreign chiropractic foundation, they could attempt to develop chiropractic in their own mode. nus mode included the

~ ~~ mind cure, the fat cure, the osteopathic cure, ers. · to the ully llled

or any other cure "produced by the good things in nature." This was and is the practice of na tureopathy, which had been in practice for many years before D.D.'s discovery of c hiropractic.

Natureopathy has traveled under many names, :or--· :including a term in common usuage, PHYSIG­mer LOGICAL THERAPEUTICS. Dr. William Schulze, was M.D., dean and later owner of the National tora School of Chiropractic in Chicago is credited aiita with introducing physiological therapeutics also into chiropractic circe 1912, if not into the >.D~ healing arts generally.

in ·1 · Physiological therapeutics was a naturopathic ' in llealing art introduced into the midwestern mia Jjni ted States at Cincinnati, Ohio by Dr. Otto

Juettner, M.D. in the later 1800s. Dr. Juettner :hen (1 865-1922) was granted his M.D. degree at tber the Medical College of Ohio (later known as 904. the Medical Department of the University thiS of Cincinnati) in 1888.66 i:Sed• ' · The Cincinnati Post-Graduate School of mta t Physiological Therapeutics was opened the , as 1 Jpting of 1903 for the purpose of teaching 18ve ,didactically and clinically the theory and prac-

1ice of the therapeutic branches commonly ·~ ~· ·.. . eluded under the . head of . "ph~o-therapy" QOJ5 (physical therapeutics, phymologtcal thera-~ir ,peutics, drugless therapeutic methods). ired t· "' "TTle regular courses of instruction given tted · J:t the school. are open t? bona fi~e members 1Sed of the medical professiOn. Special courses leSe j4.o medical students and nurses are given from Jro- ~ time to time." the f' "Tbe air of the Cincinnati Post Graduate

B,..f. School of Physiological Therapeutics has been ·and is to be a school of modem medicine" and

~,-. Phys. io-therapy is taught as an integral and tors Oecessary part of medicine.n67 : in . "' The general courses taught were electro-

).D.

The general courses taught were electro-­therapy, x-ray therapy, photo-therapy, massage, Swedish movements, hydro-therapy, dietetics , thermo-therapy, and the practice of physio­logical methods including the psychic element, suggstion, mental impressions, etc. 68

"Physio-therapy, as a distinct and separate line of clinical work is the most recent addition to the number of recognized medical specialties."

The French clinicians have taught us the meaning and use of the term "physiological therapeutics" or, in its contractured and thus abbreviated form 'physio-therapy'. n69

The French School of Medical Clinicians was founded by F.J. Broussais, M.D. D.D. Palmer was aware of this method and stated: "The doctrine of physiological, pathologic and therapeutics was promulgated by F.J. Broussais, a French physician, who lived from 1772-1838."70 The system was called Brous­saisism, or the physiological doctrine •.. n71

Dr. Juettner's School of Physiological Thera­peutics included forenoons devoted to clinical demonstrations and lecture in general medicine and surgery at two Cincinnati hospitals.

Physiological Therapeutics was applied as hematherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis. In 1903, hematherapy was defined as "the use of blood or m-eparatio.n of same in the treatment of disease." 2 The preparation for a blood physiological therapeutic was "bovinine." Ever alert D.D. Palmer cites the following advertising claim: Bovinine gives mpid resuZ.t8 in aU bZood impairments and disturbed eeZ.ZuZar rescon­struction. Bovinine not onZy buiZds up the blood, but tones up and norrm:zZZ.y stimuZates the food-forming organs and restores by natural means the body to hea Zth. Medieation--conva Zescence, WBting diseases and lJherever a food or tonic is indicated.

He then goes o.n to say: Bovinine is a preparation composed of o:r-bZood, egg-albumen, boric aaid and brandy. The bZood is wrlh no nr:>re or 'Less than the amount of nutriment there is derived fl'Onl it by digestion. If I ~ro to use o:r:- bZood, I UJOUZd umt it fresh; even then I prefer bee f-steak. Egg aZbumen consists of 20 pePCent of the white of hen's eggs. I Zike 1TflJ eggs fresh right fl'Om the poultry !'tXTICh. Boric

continued on page 6

January 1989/IPSCA Jour-nal of Chiropmctic / 5

acid i s a crystaline mineral found in t he volcanic regions of Tuscany, Italy, for which I have no use. BI'CVldy is an a l coholic spirit distilled fi'OTTl the juice of f ruits or potatoes. I take nry brandy s tmight; no mixing for me; even then I prefer it fresh from the fruit. ,73

The Department of Physiological Therapeutics of Modern Medical Science, of November 1903 cites ITbovinine" fit the physiological therapeutic idiom. "The greatest therapeutic discovery of the age, and of the ages, is that where we cannot produce good blood, we can introduce it."

An article titled "Hematherapy at Sound View Hospital at Stanford, Connecticut" records the case of a young woman diagnosed as pul­monary tuberculosis, whose M.D. decided to employ bovinine, giving a table spoon every three hours in milk. In two weeks, the doctor realized unless the lung cavity was drained, th patient was doomed "in spite of the healing power of bovinine blood."

The patient was operated on, lung cavity opened and cleaned out with bovinine, packed with pure , bovinine soaked gauze and sewed up. Oral bovinine was continued and also a rectal feeding of five ounces of bovinine every morning and night.

The surgery was a success, but the patient died three weeks later of an intestinal perforation. 7 4

Dr. Juettner concluded in 1907, "the misuse of the term has been sanctioned by habit. To all intent and purposes, physio--therapy (physio-­logical therapeutics) nowadays includes all non-medicinal or drugless therapeutic methods.75

This answers several inquiries regarding, at least in part, as to how M.D.s influenced chiropractic in its early years. Dr. Juettner's physiological therapeutics was labeled drugless healing by Dr. William Schulze, M.D. in his Clinical Lectures on Mechano--Therapy. 76 Before purchasing the National School of Chiro-­practi c, Dr. Schulze operated the American College of Mechano--Therapy and correspondence school of mechano--therapy (1907) in Chicago, Illinois. This institution was a "hygienic institute for mechanical and manual massage, electricity, baths, etc.n77 Dr. Schulze later issued National school diplomas which stated proficiency in "Chiropractic and Physiological Therapeutics.n78 Dr. Schulze and his N a tiona! School issued degrees in Natureopathy. 79

6/IPSCA Jour>na l of Chi ropractic/January 1989

In 1920, the American School of Mechano­Therapy became the Eclectic College of Chirop­ractic, Inc., and its objective was to teach drugless healir;p; in all its branches and especially chiropractic. 8

In 1922, the name of the Eclectic College was changed to the Peerless College of Chiro­practic, Inc., with Floyd Blackmore, D.O., D.C. as president with no change of objective-to teach drugless healing in all its branches and . especially chiropractic.81 Floyd Blackmore, i D.O., D.C. was a faculty member of the NationaL j College of Chiropractic, listed as a professor i of Physical Therapy.82 I

The Peerless College of Chiropractic charter 1 was dissolved in 1927, to be followed by the~ National College of Drugless Physicians of ' Chicago, Illinois, Dr. William C. Schulze, president.

Langworthy's American School of Chiropractic, Inc. presented a 20 month course, 4 years of 5 months, similar to osteopathic curricula of the time. The courses included Inorganic . and Organic Chemistry, Physiological Chemistry, Urinalysis, Fractures and Dislocations, Ban-; daging, Hygiene, Dietetics, Medical Jurispru- , dence, Gmecology, Obstetrics, and Chemical Diagnosis. 3

Dr. Minora Paxson was listed as Professor ! of Gynecology and Symptomatology in theJ Ameri~an School of Chiropractic in May, 190484 · shortly after the acquisition of her lllinois . license to practice chiropractic and midwifery. i

Minora C. Paxson was born July 11, 1855 1

at Lockport, Illinois. The Lockport 1880 census listed Miss Minora Paxson, age 24, as a school teacher. Dr. Pa-:Xson was 49 years of age at the time of her Illinois licensure. ,.

Insight into her teaching experience is gained 1

from a September 1904 article titled "Chiro-

1

practic for Women" written by Dr. Paxson, Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics in the American School of Chiropractic. She j " states: "Chiropractic offers to women advan- i c tages whi ch are unequalled in any other I ~ profession." "Everyone knows that there is no e mployment more wearing on the nervous I c system than teaching" and "that no matter how capable a teacher is after she has given != the best years of her life to teaching, her c services not longer desired in the school room. H

The preference will always be given to the l r. young normal graduate with only experience of her training because the want 'young blood' ! c in the school. ln teac hing as in all salaried c work the preference is given YOUTH.rr86 1 -

A p

continued on page 141

!

-continued from page 6 Zarbuck

This probably explains the Paxson change of occupation in mid-life. Dr. Paxson was lis ted as a faculty member of the American School in 1907, but not later. After that, her domicile and activities are unknown, but it is possible that she left Langworthy in mid-1908 with Oakley Smith.

MOD ERNIZ ED CHIROPRACTIC

In mid-1904, Langworthy attached a new label to Bohemian Chiropractic---MODERNIZED CHIROPRACTIC. Pivotal to understanding La ngworthy's concepts and later Oakley Smith's concepts of Naprapathy is the emphasis placed on "pinched" spinal nerves in the intervertebral foramen, which were called "spinal windows." The shrunken spinal nerve was shown pinched by the intervertebral foramen as a result of spinal disc thinking.

THE CAUSE AND CURE Of' OLD !.GE.

H ui'Nitl lh~ np Should uY~ t o a" A ver•Jt AJt of OM Hu l\ ~

c1,...4 Yul"l.

l f"r ., CJ tl'\ or Cbol cu:oA uu:r ic a o . J

T he fo llow ing- iutcrc~ting ar ticl e: hr Dr. S . \ 1. ),:ln£'wor thy. wi th the C."tCcpt iou of th e introductorr p:u :• ~o;r.1ph and ill u.s t r.ui o us A, R, C, and D, is rc­p t it•ted rrolll the: Chic:l~O Su nd ay A merican :

TM A ppro!Kh of Ap.

\Vl1o is there: but wo uld li \:.c: to check th e ou~ com ing of olu ag<l Wri nk l<d bee, gl":ly hplr1 ll l 9t~b.

I I :' j:l, .

I; I •.

I

cod complexion , los~ of sight, deca yed t ec~ h ; ~ ti t!' joltt~ infirm o;t ep, sbrh:ded s ~in , impe.irt-<1 nJ~!no_r ~- . Pc-e vh ta.

' I 11

Backbone, April 1904

The "pinched spinal nerve" in the IV foramen was adapted by almost every chiropractor, including B.J. Palmer.

11/fPSCA Journal of Chiropmeti e / January 1989

ness aad la.st of ;1!1 that honible condition l.-:nowu :1.!

&<COed child hood . ~. · F rom ti me to ti me 3.!tid es h.:~ve :1p1~red in th l" ~ poblic pra<eoti li«l "l!OW TO LIVE 500 YEAKS."

' I I

. ~

T he w-rite rs .sc.-em to have no p:Hticu la r re::a.sons for p b c.iul{ th~ limit .1 t 5''"'' ,·car:-: Jnd a..; the "elixi r o f life " tlt ~y gc ucra liy .a t! vise t he use of sou1e u id 01" oi l

2.

.. ·

--:.> for rc.a.soa.s jl.l.5t aboct a.s obvious as tho:5< g i,•c:a for fi.xiag the ti m< lim iL l b<, li eve the ide:u I a m 'bou t to advance ue at le.uc more: logla.J than the: :uticles n:fo!T<d to. ·

Sl1NLdeat. Com,..i&oa:L

. According to the mo.st e xl ct o bc;cn·.at ion m:~m­ma lia , includ ing m a n, s hould live fiv e t im~ the lcn~b of the period ~q u i site for t he dev~ J op111 cn t of tl1e skele ton . The horse, which requ ire~ :~.bont fi ve

: years for such develo p meat, lives to .:m age of 15 . ~ y e::~.rs. T he e:::amd de vcl opes at age c i ~ht an U li \' es

Backbone, April 1904

One who did not accept this theory was D.O. Palmer, firstly because it did not agree with his theory of neurectasis (nerve stretchiniJ and nerve impingement by osseous projections, and secondly that it was impossible to "pinch" a nerve in the IV foramen. This was a major controversy between D.O. and B.J. Palmer, in fact, a contNversy between D.O. and every other chiropractor. Even G.H. Patchen, B.S., M.D., and chiropractic supporter, stated in 1908: "The only place where interference with the flow of mental impulses can occur is at the intervertebral foramina.rr90

Strange indeed, that in 1934, when introducing the Upper Cervical Specific (H.LO.), that B.J., like his father, stated that "no lumbar, dorsal, or cervical vertebra (below axis) can move other than within range of their articu­latory locks. To go beyond, is to havedislocation." This lack of vertebral movement prevented the occlusion of an IV foramen sufficient to pinch a nerve.

The H.I.O. conce pt postulates an occlusion of the neural canal with spinal cord pressure." B.J . went on to say, "I regret the passing of this medium (meric adjusting) as tt stepping stone to a grea ter concept. I gave it scientific parentage. It was my mental c hild. r raised

continued on page 15

~

.- .·.

continued from page 14 zarbuck

it thru the years it needed to be fought for.n91 . Seemingly, thirty years later, B.J. agreed with his father. The conclusion made raised as much furor among chiropractors as D.D.'s same conclusion did earlier.

D.D. was commonly misunderstood; he did ,conceive a spinal nerve pressure at the IV <foramen-but NOT by "pinching" or constricting

1 the foramen by thinning the intervertebral f ·. disc. He stuck to his original concepts of neurec­, 4 asis and nerve impingement by osseous 1 ''1>rojections. D.O. was a learned anatomist, · and extremely definitive-almost pedantic.

H e defined a nerve impingement as a pressure on one side of a nerve, and a pinching or

. squeezing "as an act done by pressure on two :sides" as by a compressed intervertebral disc. The disc size is not and cannot be reduced . bY compression. n9Z "Bones cannot be displaced ;except at joints; these cause tension on nerves · because of the displaced portion projecting against them. This pressure causes not only a tension, but an irritation depending .on how great the pressure and the surface or edge

:which is brought to bear."93 Does this make any difference in chiropractic

concepts? One might say yes; the IV foramen pinched nerve theory would cause a pressure

was I on the concave side of a spinal curvature (sa.g­:ree .

1

1 ittal line). According to D.D.'s neurectasis, ~~ .osseous impingement concept, the spinal nerve >, ,· pressure would be on the convex side of the ch" . curvature. The nerve being stretched (neurec­tjor ; tasis) and impinged (one-sided) upon the sharp ter, •. projections of the intervertebral notches forming ery the IV foramen. .S., Modernized chiropractic, according to Lang-

in .worthy et al Bohemian chiropractors, was 'ith I the "conformation of modes to successfully at / apply its principles. n94

. ! mg hat oar, ~an

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on :!." of ng "ic ed

15

.S: l}I_Il.Q.!'_!_t.~2 . .Ti<c ~.1\_ll~l_,_!._~~;:: l:.l\ llT ~

niiii .JOGRAPIIY

58. nn c khonc, .Ju ly A lieu<> I J ~O.f , p. 139 .

59 . !:§~:.! -~~~~J!!~~ ·!l_n. ~·pt. 17, 1899; llavrm[Kl rl , )1 JW11 .

60. l'nhnl'r k ttrr : H. IJ . to n .. L, Sante Bnrhnrn , CA to IJnvcnport, II\, Novcnat>cr J O, I !\0?..

&1. Chi!_'1'!~'~~c · 1\pril Mn y 1q01 . 62 . Pntn1c r Sr.hoo l Mur.nctic Cure Chnrtcr , Jft 9fi. 63 . 1 11C !:!_O_!!l!~a ~~~-~~·Nov . zr. , lfiO:l; Sontl! nn rlJu l·n, C'J\. 64 . '" Noprnpo t hy," II'SC J\ Sentinel , Fnll J 983, p . 1.1. 65 . 1\nuuol 1\unouncrmCri t Of f'ilifnci School. J 904, p. G. 66 . Cinc irmo t i J o urno l or Mcdiri nc, Vol. 39, No. 9, p . if 1-1. 5 7. (:inr.innciti ·J ourna-l Of "'11iCr~. Vol. fl, No. 7, p . . 115; C incinnati,

!fifl9nC - ·- - - · 68. llllll , p . 3 16. 69. lnt D, p. Jr. ].

70. ~Lc_!l_c~c:_ , Ar~ !!1!l f' hilo:;ophy £! ~~~· IJ.fl. Pnlrnc-r , p . 99, 1910.

71. Dun£1J!?~~ ~~_E~i-~e_! DictionarY., p. 171 , 1903. 72. llllll, I'· 51 o. 73. §£~C":!!~-~ · -~-rJ !~!' !'!!!1!!:'-T.'.!Y ~-~ Chi ropro~t. i_t;. J> .n. l 'nlm r r, p . 27M,

1910. 7 4. Mnd<' rn Mrcti c l'll Scir.-nrc , November 1!'0 .'1, p . ?.fi5, J h~~rtmcnt

01 Ph~iC1ioci;::o; ; -,;c:;:nj;;·Ui j( ·!;.

75 . ln t cmfttion•l ~~~- 2.!_ 11~rnpy, Pall 1907 , p. Jn 7.. 76 . f~ !.!££!!!!~ ~ M cchnno- lhcrepy, p. V, 191 2. 77 . Nnti onn l CoJI~c o r McC"hsno--lllerapy C harter , 5<-C"r r. l ary·{)(-Siete,

lllinoio::., J !HJ7 . 78. ~~~!!_t.· lJc Jli:. torr, Vol. 3, No . 1, l9R:J : '"'Sr r kin(: the Rstlcm.e l

Allr.rnot ivr: ;" T he Ho tiono l Col1coge o( ChiroprRrtic: f rom 1906 to l 9AZ, p. 20.

7 9. 0:::- lcn·cco V">. n onrrt or Mr.cfi<'l!l ~:umin(~ n: . C J\, {112 C:. A . 2d 201: 21GP . 7.!11Jfi).

80 . f-:clcclic r.o llc:-r,~ Corpornlc Chorl•t , Slntc ol lllinoi<, 1920. 81. rrc rlc~~ C:oJI'T,'r. of Chiropntctic, lnc-., Corpor et r Chnrtcr, S late

oC Jtlir,oh, 197.1. .

82. ~!~~~lie l'~~. Vol. J, No. I, 198J, '"Snking the Rat lonnl 1\Jt crnnt ivc ," p.20.

83. ne cki>OIIC, Mny -Junc 1 90 ~ . p. 239 . 84. ffiii). ;;. 1.Jfi. 85. JA 8fl WiH Connly Rr'v,i o::. lrr, l..or:k'port Townc:hip, nl inois , p. IJ ,

fir :o; t ree l, .Junr. 7, I ARn. 86. D11 r khonc . Sc plr.-mtlr-r, 1 ~n-1 , p . 27-1, el. sr.q. 81 . f\~icnn School o( Chiroprcwtie", 1907 l\nno11nr·rmf'tll 88 . Un l'khonc, Arril 190-1. p. 7.0.1, ct. seq . 89 . Th C' ~~~~£:'! Adj t~~~r, JnnuRry 1909 1 p. 2!l . 90 . ].!!£ ~!.!i_!_opro ctic; f cJr.- ~, U .fl . Pntchc n, M. n . , p . J, 1!108. 91. _:!~ ::;~!~~li.£!! ~£rJ!.i C: , O .. J. Pnlmcr, p. 7.97 , 1934 . 92. ~~ ~ :~~!~!!£!~' fl . O. f'nlrncr, p. 23, 19 11. 93. J]!,£ ~~!...O['!!~~~f!.'~~.A_!Ir!~J£~ · .J11nuory 1909, p. ~9 . 94. "Chir ctprn r l it · Fnc t s ," p. I 3, I 904.

CopyPighted. MertsJyn V. Zar>buck., D.C.~ January 1989. Reproductions in any rxzree l or form only by express UJI>itten permission of the author.

continued from page 3 President, Dr. Gerald Bemis

in Chicago against a "straight" chiropractic-in which he is being held to the standards of an M.D.-may affect us all. In this case, a second D.C. has apparently testified against the accused D.C., helping set a precedent of applying medical standards to chiropractic practice. Most D.C.s are upgrading our mode of practice to be compatible with the increased responsibility and legal demands placed upon us, yet probably very few of us want to be held to the standards of medicine in all its branches. We need to be careful in precedent setting attacks on those who practice differently than we do or we could begin damaging and launch counterproductive philosophical warefare.

We invite all responsible D.C.s to join our ranks and aid us in making illinois a better state to practice chiropractic.

GeT'ms are scavengers. To charge them un th being the cause of disease UJOU ld be as unjus t as it would be unfair to the street scavenger to charge him un th having pr~uced the filth which he is engaged in removing. (1906)

January 1989/IPSCA JouPnal of Chiroproctic/15