chp 1_lecture_the world at war and the immediate aftermath

8/3/2019 Chp 1_Lecture_The World at War and the Immediate Aftermath

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What was the world like in 1914?


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SingaporeChinese girls

school


A family holidayFashions of 1914


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Opening of the Panama Canal

Harley-Davidson, 1914


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European Colonial Empires


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Were communications easier?


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What were the effects of industrialisation?

People moved away from working in agriculture in ruralareas

Rapid growth of towns needed to house the many workers

hired in the factories


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What were the effects of industrialisation?

Rapid spread of diseases due to poor housing littleamenities, no access to running water, etc.

Growth of jobs

Increasing literacy more people

could read and write


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How was society organised?

Monarchies

Countries with a single ruler

Strong sense of class dividing society by the work people do

and how wealthy they are

Upper class: small group of rich powerful people

Middle class: those with a professionWorking class: majority of people who did poorly paid

manual work


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How was society organised?Ideas about reforming society

More people wanted a say in

how their country was run

they wanted social reform

Karl Marx: wanted

total equality,

shared work and

landowning communism (in

contrast to

capitalism)


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Racial attitudes

People often judged by their ethnic group

Europeans judged others by how far they conformed to

European values and behaviour

Some cultures deemed more acceptable and superior thanothers (also explains why colonisation took place, as a

result of these attitudes)


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Attitudes to women Attitudes to women changing gradually

Became more acceptable for women to work, especially in

the office

Despite their emergence in the workplace, women werestill not seen to be politically equal to men


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What caused World War I?


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Causes of the war

Nationalism

Feeling of pride in ones country

A desire for it to be strong and powerful

Can lead to a desire to take land from other peoples

By 1914, nationalism was causing problems:

Nations ruled by empires demanded independence

Intense rivalry between countries over colonies, trade and

power


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Making alliances

Many alliances made between European countries

Trade benefits

Assurance not to fight each other

Promised to fight together if war broke out

By 1914, the main alliances were:

Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia) Allies

Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria, Italy) Central Powers

Causes of the war


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Making alliances Countries of the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance

Causes of the war


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Militarism

Nations began building up their armies as tensions and

suspicions rose

Disputes sometimes solved by diplomacy

When diplomacy was ineffective, a show

of force was used to make the weaker

country back down

Causes of the war


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Planning for war By beginning of 1900s, countries were making plans for

another possible war

As each country made plans, mutual suspicion betweencountries increased made likelihood of war even greater

Causes of the war


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The arms race

Countries competed as each wanted the best-equipped

armed forces during war

Race to build the biggest navy especially tense between

Germany and Britain

Causes of the war


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Proble

ms in the Balkans

As Turkey grew weaker, parts

of its empire broke away

Rivalry between Austria and

Russia over control of Balkanstates that broke away; Balkan

states wanted independence

In 1908, Austria made

Bosniapart of its empire

By 1914, Turkey controlled

only a small part of Balkans

Why did the war begin where it did?


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Problems in the

Balkans


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Assassination at Sarajevo

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, future ruler of Austria, had

gone to survey army maneuvers in Sarajevo, Bosnia on28th June, 1914

Tensions were high in this area as Bosnia and Serbia were

hostile to Austria

Gravilo Princip, a member of a small Bosnian nationalist

group, assassinated him in his car


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Assassination at Sarajevo


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The start of World War I

The assassination triggered Germany, Austria, Serbia, Britain

into action:

28th July: Austria declares war on Serbia

1st August: Germany declares war on Russia

3rd August: Germany declares war on France 4th August: Britain declares war on Germany


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What happened in World War I?What happened in World War I?


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War on manyfronts

World War I was

fought on land and

at sea in differentparts of the world


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World War IWorld War I


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World War IWorld War I


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How did the world change afterWorld War I?


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The end of the war


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Immediate effects of the warWhat was the scale of death and devastation?


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How were economies affected?


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How did the war affect the USA?

There was a strong feeling that the USA should not have

been involved in the war

Many wanted a return to normalcy political

isolationism


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Did the war bring about social changes?

Equality across social classes

Rich and poor had fought together in the war

Many who had not gone to war had worked to help win the

war side by side, where class did not matter

Gender equality

Women workers in war factories proved they could work as

well as men

Women given voting rights e.g., Japan

Social prejudice declined

Fighting the same war as a country led to greater

understanding between different communities


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Did the war bring about social changes?


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Summary

chp 1_lecture_the world at war and the immediate aftermath

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