chromosomal mutations - western oregon universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311chromosomal mutations.pdf ·...

Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure • Duplication • Deletions • Inversions • Translocations • Change in Chromosome number and sets

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Page 1: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Chromosomal Mutations• Chromosome structure

• Variation in Chromosome structure• Duplication • Deletions • Inversions • Translocations

• Change in Chromosome number and sets

Page 2: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Chromosome structure

• Human Karyotype• Groups A-G • P and q arms • centromere location • banding patterns

Page 3: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Karyotypes

Page 4: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Variation in Chromosome structure

Page 5: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Duplication

Page 6: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Deletions

• terminal • intercalary

• Pseudodominance

Page 7: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Cri cu chat

Page 8: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Inversions

Page 9: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

InversionsParacentric inversion Pericentric inversion

Page 10: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Inversions

• Suppression of recombinant recovery• Maintenance of a set of specific alleles at

adjacent loci• Can lead to evolutionary advantage

Page 11: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Translocations

Page 12: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Meiosis

Page 13: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Familial Down syndrome

Page 14: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Change in Chromosome number and sets

• Aneuploidy• Non-disjunction • Monosomy• Trisomy• Sex-chromosomes • Polyploidy

Page 15: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Non-Disjunction

Page 16: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Monosomy & Trisomy

Page 17: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Trisomy and Triploid

Page 18: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Monosomy & Trisomy

Page 19: Chromosomal Mutations - Western Oregon Universitywou.edu/~guralnl/311Chromosomal Mutations.pdf · Chromosomal Mutations • Chromosome structure • Variation in Chromosome structure

Polyploidy

Multiples of samegenome

Multiples of Different genomes

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