chuong 1 sqlserver dh

H QUN TR C S D LIU

(Database Management Systems)

GV: Lm Th Ha Mi

Khoa: Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Email: [email protected]

NH GI

D lp: 75% tr ln tnh theo s tit ln lp.

Thi kt thc hc phn: 70% (Trc nghim)

Cc yu cu khc: 30% (Tho lun theo nhm, tiu

lun, khc .).

2

H QUN TR C S D LIU

Chng 1: Tng quan v h qun tr c s d liu.

Chng 2: Xy dng, qun l v khai thc c s

d liu.

Chng 3: Lp trnh c s d liu bng T-SQL.

Chng 4: Bo mt v an ton d liu.

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TI LIU

Ti liu chnh

Bi ging H Qun Tr CSDL, Khoa CNTT, i hc

CNTP, TP.HCM

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Phm Hu Khang, SQL Server 2005 Lp trinh

nng cao, NXB Lao ng X Hi, 2008.

[2] Phm Hu Khang, SQL server 2005 lp trnh th

tc v hm, NXB Lao ng X Hi, 2008.

TNG QUAN V H QUN TR C

S D LIU

CHNG 1

NI DUNG

Kin thc v c s d liu

H qun tr c s d liu

6

Tng quan v SQL Server

M hnh d liu quan h

D LIU V C S D LIU

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D liu ngha l thng tin v n l mt thnh phn v

cng quan trng trong bt k cng vic cn thc hin.

Mt c s d liu l mt tp d liu.

CSDL

Ngi

dng

Cho php truy cp

thng tin

Lu tr thng tin

V vy, mt CSDL l mt tp d liu c t chc sao

cho d dng truy cp, qun l v cp nht.

QUN L D LIU

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Qun l d liu l x l s lng ln thng tin, bao

gm s lu tr v thao tc thng tin.

C hai cch tip cn khc nhau qun l d liu:

o Cc h thng file

o Cc h thng CSDL

H QUN TR CSDL Cc khi nim

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H qun tr c s d liu (HQTCSDL DatabaseManagement Systems)

L mt tp hp cc chng trnh cho php ngi

dng nh ngha, to lp, bo tr cc CSDL v cung

cp cc truy cp c iu khin n cc CSDL ny.

CSDL l mt thnh phn trong HQTCSDL.

Cc HQTCSDL thng gp: Oracle, SQL Server,

DB2, MS Access, Foxpro,

H QUN TR CSDL Mc ch chnh

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Cung cp mi trng v cng c lu tr v truy

xut d liu t CSDL mt cch hiu qu.

Lu gi thng tin v ngi dng ca HQT CSDL v

nhng tc v m ngi dng ny c th tng tc

vi d liu c lu tr.

H QUN TR CSDL

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CSDL

D liu vo / ra

DBMS

D liu vo / ra

H QUN TR CSDL Li ch

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Cc li ch ph bin ca DBMS:

Lu tr d liu

nh ngha d liu

Thao tc d liu

Bo mt v ton vn d liu

Khi phc d liu

Cc ngn ng truy cp CSDL v cc giao din lp

trnh ng dng.

CC M HNH C S D LIU

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M hnh mng

M hnh phn cp

M hnh thc th kt hp

M hnh quan h

M hnh d liu hng i tng

M HNH D LIU QUAN H

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C s d liu quan h

M HNH D LIU QUAN H (tt)

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Thuc tnh (Attribute)

c trng ca i tng.

c phn bit qua tn gi.

Thuc mt kiu d liu nht nh (s, chui, ).

Mi thuc tnh ch chn ly gi tr trong mt tp

con ca kiu d liu v tp hp gi l min gi

tr ca thuc tnh .

V d: im thi ca sinh vin ch l cc s thc t

0 n 10.


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Lc quan h

Tp tt c cc thuc tnh cn qun l ca mt i

tng cng vi nhng mi quan h gia chng.

V d: Ta c LQH sinh vin (t tn l SV) vi cc

thuc tnh sau:

SV(MSSV, HoTenSV, NgaySinh, DiemTB, HB).


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Nhiu lc quan h cng nm trong mt h

thng qun l c gi l lc CSDL.

V d: Lc CSDL qun l im ca sinh vin

c th gm nhng LQH sau:

SV(MSSV, HoTenSV, NgaySinh, DiemTB, HB)

LOP(MaLop, TenLop, SiSo, MaKhoa)

KHOA(MaKhoa, TenKhoa)

MONHOC(MaMH, TenMH, SoTiet)

KETQUA(MSSV, MaMH, DiemThi)


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Primary Keys (Kha chnh)

L yu t ch yu cho cc CSDL QH.

Lm cho cc dng l duy nht.


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Foreign Key (Kha ngoi)

L mt hoc nhiu ct tham chiu n kha chnh

ca cc bng khc.

TNG QUAN V SQL SERVER

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Gii thiu SQL Server

L mt h thng qun l CSDL (Relational

Database Management System RDBMS) s dng

Transact-SQL trao i d liu gia Client

computer v SQL Server computer.

c ti u c th chy trn mi trng c s

d liu rt ln (ln n Tera-Bytes) v c th phc

v cng lc cho hng ngn User.

TNG QUAN V SQL SERVER

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Gii thiu SQL Server

RDBMS khng nhng lu tr d liu m cn qun

tr h c s d liu bng cch kim sot nhng d

liu no c cp nht vo v nhng d liu no c

th truy xut ra khi h thng.

RDBMS cho php lu tr c s d liu cng vi

nhng nguyn tc rng buc d liu do ngi dng

hay h thng t nh ngha.

TRANSACT SQL (T-SQL)

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L ngn ng SQL m rng da trn chun ANSI(American National Standards Institute).

T SQL gm cc nhm:

Data Definition Language (DLL): CREATE,ALTER, DROP.

Data Manipulation Language (DML): ngn ng xl d liu (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE).

Data Control Language Statements (DCL): ngnng iu khin d liu (GRANT, REVOKE).

TNG QUAN V SQL SERVER 2008

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Lch s pht trin SQL Server

Phin bn gc ca SQL Server, ban u c gi l

SEQUEL (Structured English Query Languages),

c thit k v ci t vo nm 1970 ti phngnghin cu SanJose ca hng IBM.

SQL Server u tin l ca Microsoft v tp on

Sybase trn nn IBM OS/2.

SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 2005, SQL Server

2008, SQL Server 2010, SQL Server 2012.


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Cc phin bn ca SQL Server

Enterprise Edition (phin bn ny c s dng

trong cc doanh nghip, t chc c cc mc yu cu

x l giao dch trc tuyn trn din rng).

Standard Edition (phin bn phc v cho vic qun

tr v phn tch d liu ph hp cho cc doanh

nghip, t chc va v nh).

Workgroup Edition (gii php qun tr d liu ph

hp cho cc doanh nghip, t chc nh ch cn mt

c s d liu khng gii hn kch thc hoc s

ngi s dng.).


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Cc phin bn ca SQL Server

Developer Edition (phin bn ny ph hp cho cc

c nhn, t chc xy dng v kim tra ng dng, c

tt c cc tnh nng ca phin bn Enterprise

Edition).

Express Edition (phin bn s dng min phi, d s

dng v qun ly n gin, mt s tinh nng b hn

ch so vi cac phin bn khac. SQL Server Express

c th dung nh may client hoc may ch server

n gin. N l s la chn ti thiu nu thich hp

cho vic hc tp, xy dng cac ng dng nh).


26

Yu cu h iu hnh cho SQL Server 2008


27

Yu cu h iu hnh cho SQL Server 2008

Yu cu ci t SQL SERVER 2008

Phn cng:

Processor: Pentium IV 2Gb MHz tr ln

Memory: 1GB tr ln

Hard Disk: 10GB

Phn mm:

H iu hnh t thiu: Windows XP SP3, WindowsVista SP1, Windows 7, Windows 2003 SP2.

Net Framework 3.5

Windows Installer 4.5 tr ln28

Cc bc ci SQL Server 2008 Developer

M lin kt

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KIM TRA CC DCH V

Cch 1: Vo Start Program Microsoft SQLServer Configuration Tools SQL Server

configuration Manager xem v khi chy hay

ngng mt dch v.

Cch 2: Vi Window XP: Start Settings Control Pannel Administrative Tool Services

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chuong 1 sqlserver dh

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