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CIGRECIGRE Technical DirectionsTechnical Directions ExamplesExamples of recent activities ofof recent activities of CIGRE Study CommittesCIGRE Study Committes SC C6: Distribution Systems and Dispersed GenerationSC C6: Distribution Systems and Dispersed Generation SC A2: Transformer, SC A3: High Voltage Equipment, SC A2: Transformer, SC A3: High Voltage Equipment, SC B2: Overhead lines, SC B3: Substation, SC B2: Overhead lines, SC B3: Substation, SC B4: HVDC and Power ElectronicsSC B4: HVDC and Power Electronics

Hiroki ItoHiroki ItoChairman, CIGRE Study Committee A3Chairman, CIGRE Study Committee A3

AORC-CIGRE meeting, Guangzhou China 3rd-4th September, 2013

Smart Transmission & Distribution, Advanced Technologies & SolutSmart Transmission & Distribution, Advanced Technologies & Solutionsions

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What is CIGRE?What is CIGRE?

Founded in 1921, CIGRE, the Council on Large Electric Systems, is an international Non-profit Association for promoting collaboration with experts from around the world by sharing knowledge and joining forces to improve electric power systems of today and tomorrow.

Perform studies on topical issues of the electric power system, such as Supergrid, Microgrid and lifetime management of aged assets, and disseminate new technology and improve energy efficiency.

Review the state-of-the-art of technical specifications for power systems & equipment and provide technical background based on the collected information for IEC to assist international standardizations.

Maintain its values by delivering unbiased information based on field experience

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A2 Transformers

A3 High voltage equipment

B4 HVDC and Power electronics

A1 Rotating electrical machines B1 Insulated cables

B2 Overhead lines

B3 Substations

B5 Protection and Automation

C1 System development & economics

C2 System operation & control

C3 System environmental performance

C4 System technical performance

C5 Electricity markets & regulations

C6 Distribution systems &dispersed generation

D 1 Materials and emerging test technique D 2 Information systems and telecommunication

CIGRE Study CommitteesCIGRE Study CommitteesA: Equipment B: Sub-system C: System

D: Common technology

Disseminate new technology and Promote international standardization

Perform studies on topical issues of electric power system and Facilitate the exchange of information

E. Figueiredo (Brazil)

C. Rajotte (Canada)

H. Ito (Japan)

P. Argaut (France)

K. Papailiou (Switzerland)

T. Krieg (Australia)

B. Anderson (United Kingdom)

I. Patriota de Siqueira (Brazil)

P. Southwell (Australia)

J. Vanzetta (Germany)

F. Parada (Portugal)

P. Pourbeik (USA)

O. Fosso (Norway)

N. Hatziagyriou (Greece)

J. Kindersberger (Germany) C. Samitier (Spain)

Technical committeeChairman: Mark Waldron (UK) Secretary: Yves Maugain (France)

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SD1: Prepare the “strong and smart” power system of the futureThis future power system will have to wheel over long distances bulk power from non carbon sources; it will interconnect the local grid, to compensate for the geographical/temporal variability or lack of flexibility of these sources. It will interface local energy networks (microgrids) which allow the optimized operation of dispersed generation, intelligent loads, storage.. This future Power system will rely massively on new techniques, UHV, DC and Power Electronics, ICT...

SD2: Make the best use of the existing equipment and systemUse better the full built-in capacity, operate the system nearer to its limits; operate the assets up to the end useful life, assess their condition, maintain, refurbish, extend their life, replace...

SD3: Answer the environment concernsDevelop environment friendly materials, less intrusive techniques (cables); use efficiently the assets; reduce carbon footprint of electricity…

SD4: Develop knowledge and informationTechnical expertise, cooperation of worldwide experts and access to information are keys for the success of this evolution.

CIGRE Technical Committee Strategic Directions (SD)CIGRE Technical Committee Strategic Directions (SD)

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Based on Technical Committee (TC) strategic directions, several TC projects on emerging problems in power system have been promoted.

Network of the futureTC report on 10 technical issues was completed and the main activities are shifted to WGs. TC continues to review their progress.

Energy efficiencyDiscussed at Bologna symposium and summary paper was published in ELECTRA. TC project was disbanded. Setup the WGs.

HVDC gridsEven though TC report is still being prepared, various activities including FS is being proceeded at the WGs.

UHVTC project was disbanded since UHV standardization progressed at IEC based on technical background information collected in CIGRE.

CIGRE Technical Committee Projects (1)CIGRE Technical Committee Projects (1)

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Disaster recoveryC1 drafted a TC report, which includes New Zealand: Christchurch Earthquake 2011, Australia: Queensland Floods 2010-2011, Japan, Tsunami 2011, Canada: Ice Storms1998, United States: Hurricane Sandy 2012, India: Blackouts, 2012, etc.

Rural electrificationNot a TC projects yet and C6 is the only SC concerned. Also presently a lack of expertise in this area. CO contacts with professionals.

SustainabilityC3 proposed as a New TC project, which would cover economical, social and environmental aspects. There are strong relations with the TC project: Network of the future. The project will greatly contribute to the Strategic direction 3.

CIGRE Technical Committee Projects (2)CIGRE Technical Committee Projects (2)

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CIGRE TC project: Network of the futureCIGRE TC project: Network of the future

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Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption and target for 2020 (%)

Increased connections to dispersed generationsIncreased connections to dispersed generationsEC 20-20-20 targets for 2020: 20% Share of Renewable Energy20% Reduction of Green-house Gas emissions20% Reduction in energy consumption(20% improvement in efficiency)

EC 2050 Vision:Complete decarbonisation

Source: Eurostat

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WG C6.19: WG C6.19: Planning & Optimization Methods for Active DistributionPlanning & Optimization Methods for Active Distribution DER for mediumDER for medium--long term evolution of distribution systemslong term evolution of distribution systems

Companies still adopt traditional planning tools (survey)Traditional planning are not suited low carbon distributionMethodologies and recommendations for

Load response modelling

Planning studies with different time granularity and operation consideration

Data Modelling and Analytics

Risk and reliability analysis

Cyber-physical simulation of ICT and Power Systems

WG C6.22: WG C6.22: MicrogridsMicrogrids Evolution RoadmapEvolution Roadmap Connection and Integration of DERConnection and Integration of DER

MV LVDMSDMS

MGCCMGCC

DCAC

PV

MC

LC

MCAC

DC

LC

Storage

LC

~ CHPMC

Micro Turbine

MC

Fuel CellMCAC

DC

LCACDC

~

FlywheelMCAC

DC

Provision of Microgrids evolution roadmapincluding electricity infrastructure replacement scenariosDefinition and Clarification of Microgrid ConceptMarket and Regulatory Settings for MicrogridsControl Elements and Control Methods Justification of Microgrid Deployment

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WG A2.37: Transformer ReliabilityWG A2.37: Transformer ReliabilityReview all existing national surveys and make recommendations to improve the situationPreliminary results, based on a transformer population with more than 150.000 unit-years and 685 major failures in 48 utilities, indicate a failure rate of 0.44%.Winding related failures appear to be the largest contributor of major failures, and a significant decrease in tap changer related failures.

WG A2.33: Fire safety practicesWG A2.33: Fire safety practicesThe risk of a transformer causing a fire is low but present and the consequences can be very severe if a fire does occur. The Standards should include requirements for tank and cable box designs and provide guidance on pressure or internal arcing withstand capability.TB537 provide a guide to help both transformer designers and users to define and apply best practices in the domain of transformer fire safety.

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WG provided a guide (TB445) to help transformer users to define and apply the best practice transformer maintenance that will ensure an acceptable level of transformer reliability.Monitoring and testing of transformer condition, the scheduling for the various tasks, and advanced maintenance activities as well as human and material aspects of transformer maintenance are also considered.

WG A2.40: Copper sulphide WG A2.40: Copper sulphide longlong--term mitigation & risk assessmentterm mitigation & risk assessmentThe formation of copper sulphide (Cu2S) in transformer insulation has caused numerous failures in transformers and reactors.WG attempted to understand the mechanisms of sulphide formation and the failures, also mitigation techniques such as metal passivator stability & efficiency of existing on-site oil treatment.Waiting for more research results and new developments in the future.

WG A2.34: Guide for Transformer MaintenanceWG A2.34: Guide for Transformer Maintenance

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WG A3.06: Circuit Breaker Reliability surveysWG A3.06: Circuit Breaker Reliability surveys

CB Major failure frequency for different kinds of service

Part 1: Summary and general matters (TB 509)Part 2: SF6 gas circuit breakers (TB 510)Part 3: Disconnectors & Earthing switches (TB 511)Part 4: Instrument transformers (TB 512)Part 5: Gas insulated switchgears (TB 513)Part 6: GIS practices (TB 514)

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WG A3.27: Application of vacuum switchgear WG A3.27: Application of vacuum switchgear at transmission voltageat transmission voltage

72 kV VCB (China)132 kV 16 kA VCB (UK)245 kV load switch (USA)

HV-VCB technical meritsFrequent switching capability, Less maintenance work, SF6 freeHV-VCB challenges at transmission level despite of excellent experience at distributionLimited experience on long term reliabilityScatter of dielectric performance especially for capacitive current switchingLimited current carrying capability, limited unit voltage

145 kV & 72 kV VI (Germany)72 kV 31.5 kA VCB (Japan)72.5 kV 31.5 kA VCB (France)

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WG A3.22/28: Technical Requirements for Substation Equipment WG A3.22/28: Technical Requirements for Substation Equipment > 800 kV> 800 kV

12.1 14.020.1

25.7

7.6200019901980197019601950 2010 2020

550

800

380kV(1952-,Sweden)

1200kV(1985-91,USSR)

1100kV(2008-,China)

1200kV(2012-,India)

300

Highest voltage of AC power transmission kV

1100kV field tests(1996-,Japan)

year

420kV(1957-,USSR)

787kV(1967-,USSR) 800kV

(USA, South Africa, Brazil, Korea, China)

4.8

735/765kV(1965-,Canada)

World electricity consumption (1000TWh)

11001200

420

A3 provided IEC technical background of UHV specifications for their standardisation worksTB362: Technical requirements for substation equipment exceeding 800 kVTB456: Background of technical specifications for substation equipment exceeding 800 kVWG A3.28 will publish a TB on switching phenomena. WG A3.33 will investigate equipment for series/shunt compensation.

Russia 1200kV GCB Japan 1100kV testing field China 1100kV projects India 1200kV testing field

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Future multi-terminal HVDC LinksJ.HAFNER(ABB),et.al,” Proactive Hybrid HVDC Breakers - A key innovation for reliable HVDC grids ”,CIGRE Bologna-264 2011

LCC HVDC ±800 kV dc put in service up to 8GW±1000 kV dc being developed in China

VSC HVDC ±320kV dc operated up to 800MWStrong need for connection of offshore wind farms

SC B4 investigationsWG B4.52: HVDC Grid Feasibility Study, TB533 WG B4.56: Guidelines for the preparation of connection agreements for HVDC grids WG B4.57: Guide for the development of models for HVDC converters in a HVDC grid WG B4.58: Methodologies for direct voltage control in a meshed HVDC Grid WG B4/B5.59: Control and Protection of HVDC Grids JWG A3/B4.34 on DC switchgear

Achievements & main strategic directions ofAchievements & main strategic directions of SC B4: HVDC & Power Electronics (B. Andersen)SC B4: HVDC & Power Electronics (B. Andersen)

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WG B4.52 : HVDC Grid Feasibility StudyWG B4.52 : HVDC Grid Feasibility StudyWG provides a guidance to who would investigate in most important technical aspects of HVDC grids. TB533 describes technical & economic advantages of HVDC grids & focus on essential components that are not available today, such as fast HVDC breakers, fast line protections, HVDC grid control & EHVDC cables.

WG B4.46: VSC HVDC for Power Transmission WG B4.46: VSC HVDC for Power Transmission WG gives a snapshot on the current technology, application areas & economic values. With ongoing developments it can be expected that VSC-HVDC will become even more attractive for bulk power transmission and might become an economic feasible alternative to other technologies.

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Commission: Jan 2009Highest voltage: 1100 kV ACTransmission capacity: 5000 MWTransmission distance: 640 km

Liu Zhenya, Keynote speech, CIGRE Session 2012, Courtesy by State Grid Corporation of China

UHVAC and UHVDC progressed in ChinaUHVAC and UHVDC progressed in China

Commission: July 2010Rated voltage: +/- 800 kV DCTransmission capacity: 6400 MWTransmission distance: 1907 km

1100 kV AC transmission +/- 800 kV DC transmission

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+

-k

380 kV AC-System

± 380 kV DC-System

R

S T

380 kV AC-System

R S T

110 kV AC-System

R S T

R

S T

110 kV AC-System

R

S T

R S T

110 kV AC-System

R S T

110 kV AC-System

380 kV AC-System

AC pylon AC/DC (Hybrid) pylon

Increase Capacities of existing OHLIncrease Capacities of existing OHL (B2:OHL)(B2:OHL)

AC/DC transmission using existing OHL started in June 2013 in Germany

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WG B3.23 : Substation WG B3.23 : Substation UpratingUprating and Upgrading and Upgrading WG provide a set of guidelines (TB445) for uprating & upgrading of substations, an activity often carried out worldwide. The guidelines include a large quantity of case studies & a check list of the main items to consider in an uprating or upgrading process.

WG B3.17: Residual Life Concepts applied to HV GISWG B3.17: Residual Life Concepts applied to HV GISTB 499 provide Identification and discussion of the factors which determine the expected residual life of HV GIS, Options for extending the residual life time individual and End-of-life procedure for HV GIS reuse, disposal including SF6gas handling.

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WG B3.26: Guidelines for the Design & Construction WG B3.26: Guidelines for the Design & Construction of AC Offshore Substations for Wind Power Plantsof AC Offshore Substations for Wind Power Plants

TB483 provides a set of guidelines to who are involved in designing and constructing offshore AC substations associated with wind power plants.It has identified the key issues which have been encountered to date within industry and are likely to be faced in the future.

WG B3.12: OnWG B3.12: On--Line Substation Condition MonitoringLine Substation Condition MonitoringTB462 provides a reader with wider views on equipment condition monitoring system. Also to investigate the technology currently available & to analyse the factors that need to be considered to determine the degree of application, taking into account the improved reliability & availability of modern HV substation equipment.

21Walking Giants (Iceland)Walking Giants (Iceland)

Increase Acceptance of OHLIncrease Acceptance of OHL