FUNCTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. Respiration2. Nutrition3. Waste Removal4. Immunity5. Cellular Communication

6. Thermoregulation

ANATOMY OF THE HEART

The Heart is divided into four separate chambers connected by heart valves

Upper Two Chambers: AtriaLower Two Chambers: Ventricles

Atria: Blood returns from the body to the heartVentricles: Pump blood from the heart to the body

Right AtriumLeft AtriumRight VentricleLeft Ventricle

PERICARDIUM

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PERICARDIUM EFFUSION

VALVES OF THE HEART

TRICUSPID VALVE

Opens to allow blood to flow from the top right chamber to the lower right chamber (or from right atrium to right ventricle).

Prevents the back flow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium when blood is pumped out of the ventricle.

PULMONARY VALVE

Opens to allow blood to be pumped from the heart to the lungs (through the pulmonary artery) where it will receive oxygen.

MITRAL VALVE

Closes off the upper left chamber (or left atrium) collecting the oxygen-rich blood coming in from the lungs.Opens to allow blood to pass from the upper left side to the lower left side (or from the left atrium to the left ventricle).

AORTIC VALVECloses off the lower left chamber that holds the oxygen-rich blood before it is pumped out to the body.Opens to allow blood to leave the heart (from the left ventricle to the aorta and on to the body).