circulatory system sweethearts

8/3/2019 Circulatory System Sweethearts

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Circulatory System


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In most multicellular animals, an, or ,

distributes nutrients and oxygen to the body

cells and collects carbon dioxide and othermetabolic waste from the cells and bring themto their respective disposal sites


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Circulatory System -Gross and Cool Facts!

The body of an adult contains over 60,000 miles of blood vessels!

An adult's heart pumps nearly 4000 gallons of blood each day!

Your heart beats some 30 million times a year!

The average three-year-old has two pints of blood in their body; the

average adult at least five times more!

A "heartbeat" is really the sound of the valves in the heart closing as

they push blood through its chambers.


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Circulatory System

Simple animals (sponge, hydra) have nocirculatory system

Complex animals have circulatory systems thatare either:

Openblood circulates inside the body withoutblood vessels

Closedblood is inside vessels

Humans have a closed system


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Types of circulatory systems


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Mans Circulatory System consists

of the following

a.) circulating blood( i.e. blood and lymph)b.) a system of tube, or vessels, through which blood or lymph

flows.c.) a pumping organ, or heart, which pups blood through the

vessels.

The blood vascular system consists of three types of bloodvessels

a.) Arteries bring blood from heart to the organsb.) In the organs, an artery branches into a network of very fine

tubes called capillaries.c.) Veins bring blood back to the heart


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BloodComponent

I. BLOOD CELLSA. red Blood Cells 4 500 000 to 5 000 000 per cubic

milimeter of blood

About 45%of wholeblood

B. White Blood Cells 5000 to 10 000 per cubic milimeter ofblood

C. Blood Platelets About 250 000 per cubic milimeter ofblood

II. BLOOD PLASMA About 55% ofwhole blood

A. water About 92 % of plasma

B. Proteins About 7% of plasmaa.) Albuminsb.) GlobulinsC.) Fibrinogen

4.5% of the protein2% of the protein0.5% of the protein


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whats in

red blood cells white blood cells

platelets

plasma

carbon dioxide

digested food

waste (urea)

hormones

oxygen


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The Blood

plasma

red blood cell white blood cell

platelets


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Red Blood Cells

contain haemoglobin, a

molecule specially designed tohold oxygen and carry it to cellsthat need it.

can change shape to an amazingextent, without breaking, as itsqueezes single file through thecapillaries.

a biconcave disc that is round andflatwithoutanucleus


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White Blood Cells

there are many different types and allcontain a big nucleus.

the two main ones are the lymphocytesand the macrophages.

some lymphocytes fight disease by makingantibodies to destroy invaders bydissolving them.

other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.

macrophageseat and digest micro-organisms.


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Platelets

Platelets are bits of cell

broken off larger cells.

Platelets produce tinyfibrinogenfibres toform a net. This nettraps other blood cells toform a blood clot.


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Plasma

A straw-coloured liquidthat carries thecells and theplatelets whichhelp blood clot.

carbon dioxide

glucose

amino acids

proteins

minerals

vitamins

hormones waste materials

like urea.

It also contains usefulthings like;


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Blood Vessels

Functions:

Distribution of blood

Exchange of materials with tissues

Return of blood to the heart

Structure:

Most have the same basic structure:

3 layers surrounding a hollowlumen


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General Structure of Blood Vessels

Arteries and veins are composed of three tunics:

tunica interna tunica media

tunica externa

Capillaries are composed of endothelium


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General Structure


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The Vessels

1. Tunica Intima

innermost smooth layer

simple squamous epithelium continuous with the endocardium

present in all vessels


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The Vessels

Types of Vessels:

Arteriescarry blood away from the heartVeinscarry blood towards the heart

Capillariesthe most important part of the

vascular system; site of exchange of materials


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Types of Blood vessels: Arteries

Elastic Arteries: Thick-walled arteries near the heart; the aorta and its

major branches

Large lumen allows low-resistance conduction of blood

Contain lots of elastin in all three tunics

walls stretch and recoil to propel blood

Withstand and regulate large blood pressure fluctuations


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Types of Blood vessels: Arteries

Muscular (distributing) arteries

medium sized vessels tunica media more smooth muscle;

less elastin

major area of vaso-constriction &dilation to regulate blood flow


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The Vessels

Arterioles (diameter of 0.3 mm or less)

- smallest arteries; lead to capillary beds

- close to capillaries - single layer of musclespiralling around the endothelial lining

- regulates blood flow to capillary


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The Vessels

Capillaries

Smallest vesselsdiameter just large enough fora red blood cell

walls consist of tunica intima only

(i.e. layer of endothelium)

thinness facilitates exchange ofmaterials


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The Human Heart

The heart is a muscle

It pumps blood throughthe body

There are upper andlower chambers on thetwo sides of the heart

The upper are called atria The lower are called

ventricles


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I. Anatomy of the Heart

A. Coverings

1. Pericardium

fibrous pericardium

serous pericardium

parietal pericardium

visceral pericardium

B. Heart wall layers

1. Epicardium(visceral pericardium)

protects heart

2. Myocardiumcardiac muscle

3. Endocardiumepithelial/ connective/ fibers


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C. Chambers, Vessels, and Valves

1. Four chambers

upper chambersrt and left atria

Collects blood

lower chambersrt and left ventricle

pumps blood from heart

2. Arteries

carry blood away from heart

3. Veins

blood toward heart


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4. Valves

AV valves

Tricuspidrt atrium

Bicuspid or mitral - lt atrium

Semilunar valves

Pulmonary semilunar (pulmonary trunk)

Aortic semilunar (aortic arch)

II. Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation

A. Pulmonary pathway

oxygenated bloodrt ventricle from rt atrium

myocardium (rt ventricle) contracts


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low oxygen blood through pulmonary semilunar

pulmonary trunk -> arteries -> lungs

oxygenated blood -> rt & lt pulmonary veins ->

left atrium

B. Systemic pathway

Oxygenated blood -> Lt atrium to Lt ventricle

Left ventricle contracts ->aortic semilunar

Aortic arch -> arteries to tissues

oxygen depleted blood from tissues ->

veins to heart -> rt atrium (vena cava)


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Passage of Blood Through the

Heart Blood follows this sequence through the heart:

superior and inferior vena cava right atrium

tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonarysemilunar valve pulmonary trunk and arteries

to the lungs pulmonary veins leaving the lungs

left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta to the body.


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The relationship between the systemic and pulmonary circulations


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Blood supply to the heart

Arterial supply

The heart is supplied with arterialblood by the right and left coronaryarteries, which branch from the aortaimmediately distal to the aortic valve

The coronary arteries receive about 5%of the blood pumped from the heart,although the heart comprises a smallproportion of body weight

This large blood supply, especially tothe left ventricle, highlights the

importance of the heart to bodyfunction

The coronary arteries traverse theheart, eventually forming a vastnetwork of capillaries


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Heart Valves

For a pump to work right the liquid must goonly in one direction

Valves are flaps in the heart that keep bloodflowing in one direction

The tricuspid valve is between the right atriumand the right ventricle

The bicuspid valve is between the left atriumand the left ventricle


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Exchange of gasses in the lungs


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More jobs

Gets nutrients from the gastric system anddistributes to the tissues

Gets wastes from the tissues and takes them to

the lungs (CO2) and kidneys (waste chemicals)

Helps regulate temperature of the body

More blood to the skin to lower temp

Less blood to the skin to raise temp


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Arteries

Carry blood away fromthe heart

Carry blood under high

pressure Round in shape and have

thick, muscular walls


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Veins

Carry blood to the heart

Carry blood under lowblood pressure

They are flat in shapeand have little muscle

They have one-wayvalves to keep bloodflowing in one direction


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Malaria

Malariais a mosquito-borne infectious disease ofhumans and other animals caused

by eukaryotic protists of the genus Plasmodium. The

disease results from the multiplication of Plasmodium

parasites within red blood cells, causing symptoms that

typically include fever and headache, in severe cases

progressing to coma or death

Anopheles mosquitoesMalaria-causing mosquitoes.


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Cure/ Preventions

Prevention Strategies

Preventing malaria in the first place is betterthan needing a cure. If you live in, or will be

visiting, an area where the risk for malaria ishigh, malaria prevention strategies arerecommended. Curing Malaria WithMedications

Taking specific medications that can be used asa cure.


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Dengue

Dengue fever also known as breakbone fever,is an infectious tropical disease caused bythe dengue virus. Symptoms

include fever, headache,muscle and joint pains,and a characteristic skin rash that is similar tomeasles.

Aedes Aegypti- Dengue-causing mosquito


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The typical rashseen in denguefever


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Cure/ Prevention

Dengue mosquitoes bite during daytime. Protectyourself from the bite.

Wear full-sleeve clothes or long dresses to cover the

hands and legs.

Use repellents.

Use mosquito coils and electric vapour mats duringthe day to prevent dengue.


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HEART ATTACK

Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardialinfarction(AMI), commonly known as a heart attack,results from the interruption of blood supply to a part ofthe heart, causing heart cells to die. This is mostcommonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a coronaryartery following the rupture of a vulnerableatherosclerotic plaque, which is an unstable collectionof lipids (cholesterol and fatty acids) and white bloodcells (especially macrophages) in the wall of an artery. The

resulting ischemia (restriction in blood supply) andensuing oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a sufficientperiod of time, can cause damage or death (infarction) ofheart muscle tissue (myocardium)


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Cure/ preventions

Thrombolytic medications are used to break up clots

blocking the artery.


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Hypertension

Hypertension (HTN) or high blood pressure is a cardiacchronic medical condition in which the systemic arterialblood pressure is elevated. What that means is that the heart

is having to work harder than it should to pump the bloodaround the body. Blood pressure involves two measurements,systolic and diastolic. Normal blood pressure is120/80 mm/Hg. High blood pressure is anything above

140/90 mm/Hg


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Disorder of CVS Hypertension

Hypotension

Congestive heart failure

Cardiac Arrhythmia

Angina Pectoris

Arteriosclerosis

Myocardial Infarction


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Hypertension

Essential hypertension

Benign (chronic ) hypertension

Malignant ( accelerated) hypertension

Secondary hypertension

Kidney disease

Endocrinal disorders


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Cardiac arrhythmia

Sinus bradycardia

Sinus tachycardia

Asystole

FibrillationAtrial fibrillation

Ventricular fibrillation

Heart block


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Prepared by: Group 4 Heart


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Gonzales, Kathleen Rae E.

Mari, Peter Paul C.


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Beltran, Elizalyn S.

Jacinto, Ephraim Ross B.


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Turla, Justin Randall G.

Mrs. Lilibeth M. Mayor

circulatory system sweethearts

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