cis 105 survey of computer information systems
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CIS 105 Survey of Computer Information Systems. Essential Concepts and Terminology Study Unit Three. File. A named collection of data (such as a computer program, document, or graphic) that exists on a storage medium such as a hard disk, floppy disk, or CD-ROM. . Directory. . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
CIS 105
Survey of Computer Information Systems
Essential Concepts and Terminology
Study Unit Three
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
File. A named collection of data (such
as a computer program, document, or graphic) that exists on a storage medium such as a hard disk, floppy disk, or CD-ROM.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Directory. A list of files contained on a
computer storage device.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Folders. PC. The subdirectories that can
contain files or other folders. Macintosh. Same as directories on
a PC.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Memory. The computer circuitry that holds
data waiting to be processed.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Storage. The area in a computer where data
is retained to be used again later. Storage devices retain information after the device is turned off.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Volatile Memory. Memory contents that are erased
when a computer is shut off.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Saving. Transfer of data to a storage
device.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Read-Write Media. Storage disks that allow a
computer to both read and store (write) data. Examples are CD-RW and floppy disks.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Sequential Access. A form of data storage (such as a
computer tape) that requires a device to read or write data one record after another starting at the beginning of the medium.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Random-Access. The ability of a storage device to
go directly to a specific location rather than searching sequentially from a beginning location. Magnetic disks are random-access storage media.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Pits. Microscopic indentations on optical
storage media used by laser beams to read patterns of data on the surface of disks. The light-sensing reading device receives no light from a pit and returns a "0" signal.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Land. Flat, reflective areas on optical
storage media the bounces laser light, returning a "1" signal.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Online Storage. Immediately available storage
which does not require a user action, such as inserting media. Typically, a hard disk is a personal computer's online storage device.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Near-Online Storage. Secondary storage that requires
insertion of media. Storage readily made available by user action.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Access Time. The estimated time for a storage
device to begin reading data on a disk, usually measured in milliseconds for disks and nanoseconds for RAM.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Nanosecond. One-billionth of a second.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Solid State Disk. A high-capacity storage device
with rapid access time, comparable to hard disks. The device stores up to 8 GBs of data and uses batteries to provide data involatility.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Double-Density (DD) Floppy Disk.
A type of disk with a higher storage capacity (800 K) due to increased disk density.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
High-Density (HD) Floppy Disk.
A disk that stores more data than a double-density disk, up to 1.44 MB.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Write-Protect Tab. A sliding notch on floppy disks
that, when open, protect disks from being overwritten or deleted.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Tracks. Concentric or spiral storage areas
created in series during formatting on storage medium.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Sectors. Pie-shaped subdivisions of tracks
on storage media.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Clusters. Groups of sectors on a storage
medium that, when accessed as a group, speed up data access.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
File Allocation Table (FAT). A table of information recording
the physical location of files on storage medium.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Fragmentation. Storage of a data file in non-
contiguous clusters.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Activity Light. An indicator that illuminates while
the head is reading or writing data on a disk, indicating not to press the eject button.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Formatting. The process of preparing a
magnetic disk to store information. The process of a disk drive's head laying down the magnetic pattern of tracks and sectors.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Hard Disk. One or more magnetic disk
platters providing high-capacity, high-speed online storage.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Platters. Fixed, rapidly-rotating magnetic
storage component disks of a hard disk.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Head Crash. A collision between the read-write
head and the surface of a hard disk platter, resulting in disk damage.
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Partition. A section of a disk established to
operate as if it were a separate disk.
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Positioning Performance. The speed at which a drive can
position the read/write head to begin transferring data.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Transfer Performance. The speed at which a drive can
transfer data.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Spindle Speed. The number of revolutions per
second at which hard disk platters rotate.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Hard Disk Controller. A circuit board on the mother
board, on an expansion card, or in a hard drive that acts as an interface between the CPU and the hard disk.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).
An interface standard used for attaching peripheral devices such as drives, scanners, and other peripherals. Pronounced "scuzzy."
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Disk Cache. A type of RAM used to temporarily
store information read from a disk, dramatically improving up hard disk performance.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Archiving. The process of moving data off a
primary storage device to a long-term storage medium such as a CD-ROM or removable magnetic medium.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Backup. A duplicate copy of data.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
CD-ROM. A read-only, optical disk storage
medium that uses laser technology to read data. An acronym for compact disc read-only memory.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
CD-ROM drive. A device that uses laser
technology to read data from a CD-ROM. CD-ROM drive speed is stated in multiples of 150,000 bits per second, such as 2x or 4x.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
Multisession CDs. A CD that allows a device to write
(burn) data during more than one session.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
CD-R. An optical disk technology used to
create CD-ROMs and audio CDs. An acronym for compact disc-recordable.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
CD-RW. An optical disk technology that
allows data to be written onto a CD, then changed much like on a floppy or hard disk. An acronym for compact disc-rewritable.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
DVD. An optical storage medium similar to
CD-ROM, except with higher storage capacity (up to 17 GB). The acronym for "digital video disc" or "digital versatile disc.” DVD-ROM drives are downwardly compatible with CD-ROM.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3
PC Card (PCMCIA Card). A credit-card-sized circuit board,
typically used to connect a modem, memory, network card, or storage devices to a notebook computer.
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CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 3 Created by James Q. Jacobs
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