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Networking Basics &Cisco Shoaib IqbalIT Engineer Date: 10-02-2014

Networking Basics

NetworkConnectivity of two or more than two devices so that they can communicate with each other.

Network = Connectivity + Communication Network = Hardware + Software

Local Area Network (LAN) A high speed network that covers a relatively small geographic area, contained within a single building or campus.

Wide Area Network (WAN) A network that spans large geographical locations, usually to interconnect multiple LANs.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) A network that spans several LANs across a city-wide geographic area.Network Types

Five Components of Communication

Sender Receiver Medium Protocol Message

Rules that govern the method by which devices share data and services.Protocol

Types of Communication

Topology

Mesh Topology

Star Topology

Bus Topology

Ring Topology

Hybrid Topology

internet is two or more networks that can communicate with each other.

Internet is collaboration of more than hundreds of thousands of interconnected networks.Internet

Established in 1947, the International Standards Organization (ISO) is a multinational body dedicated to worldwide agreement on international standards.

In 1978, Open System Interconnection (OSI) model was introduced.OSI Model ISO is the organisation. OSI is the model.

OSI Model7. Application6. Presentation5. Session4. Transport3. Network2. Data Link1. Physical

OSI Model-Division of Layers7. Application6. Presentation5. Session4. Transport3. Network2. Data Link1. PhysicalLower LayersMiddle LayersUpper Layers

Each layer deals with one aspect of networkingLayer 1 deals with the communication mediaEach layer communicates with the adjacent layersIn both directionsEx: Network layer communicates with:Transport layerData Link layerEach layer formats the data packetEx: Adds or deletes addresses

The Function of a Layer

OSI Model

A message begins at the top application layer and moves down the OSI layers to the bottom physical layer. As the message descends, each successive OSI model layer adds a header to it. A header is layer-specific information that basically explains what functions the layer carried out. Conversely, at the receiving end, headers are striped from the message as it travels up the corresponding layers.

OSI in Action

OSI Layers Description

Hubs

Switches

Routers

IP Phones

Network Security Products

Commonly Used Network Devices

Cisco SystemsHPHuaweiZTEJuniper NetworksD-LinkTelco SystemsAlcatel-LucentArista NetworksMellanoxNetwork Devices Manufacturers

Cisco Systems

Cisco is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Jose, California, that designs, manufactures, and sells networking equipment.Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by two members of Stanford University computer support staff: Leonard Bosack who was in charge of the computer science department's computers, and Sandy Lerner, who managed the Graduate School of Business' computers.The name "Cisco" was derived from the city name, San FranciscoThe logo is intended to depict the two towers of the Golden Gate Bridge.

Company Overview

Cisco Systems Logo Concept Ciscos logo is depicting two towers of Golden Gate Bridge

Golden Gate Bridge

Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Today, networks are an essential part of business, education, government and home communications.Cisco Internet Protocol-based (IP) networking solutions are the foundation of these networks.

Company Overview

In 1984, Ciscos first product which consisted of exact replicas of Stanford's "Blue Box" router and a stolencopy of the University's multiple potocolroutersoftware.Between 1992 and 1994, Cisco acquired several companies inEthernet switching, such asKalpana, Grand Junction, and most notably, Mario Mazzola's Crescendo Communications which together formed theCatalystbusiness unit.Company Overview contd

Routers and switches

Security and surveillance

Voice and conferencing

Wireless

Network storage systemsCiscos Products List

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciscohttp://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/solutions/small_business/resource_center/articles/connect_employees_and_offices/networking_basics/

References

ODSI11 St John's RoadStourbridge West Midlands DY8 1EJPhone: 0203 005 9500Email: sales@odsi.co.ukAbout ODSI

UK OfficeWeb: www.odsi.co.uk

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