cities and the new climate economy · the new climate economy the global commission on the economy...

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Page 1: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998
Page 2: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY

Page 3: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

CONTENTS

Page 4: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998
Page 5: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

EU27: INCREASING CO2 EMISSION ONLY FOR TRANSPORT

Page 6: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

Page 7: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

Page 8: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

WAVES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

Page 9: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998
Page 10: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998
Page 11: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

THE EVOLUTION OF URBAN ACCESSIBILITY PATHWAYS

Page 12: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

THE SELF-REINFORCING CYCLE OF SPRAWL AND AUTOMOBILE DEPENDENCE

Page 13: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

URBAN FORM AND INFRASTRUCTURE: LOCKING IN MOBILITY PATTERNS

Page 14: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

IMPACTS OF URBAN TRANSPORT MODES

Space Consumption Environmental impact

Page 15: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

LONDON | LOCATION OF WORKING AND LIVING

Page 16: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

CONGESTION: LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY IN URBAN AREAS

Page 17: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

TRAFFIC FATALITIES

Page 18: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

HEALTHIER LIFESTYLES

Page 19: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

SOCIAL EXCLUSION: PERIPHERALISATION OF THE DISADVANTAGED

SAO PAULO RIO DE JANEIRO BUENOS AIRES

BOGOTA LIMA

Page 20: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998
Page 21: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY VALUE ADD AS % OF TOTAL

Page 22: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998
Page 23: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

TOTAL STOCK IN MOTOR CARS

Page 24: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

UK DEPARTMENT FOR TRANSPORT TRAFFIC FORECASTS VS. ACTUAL

Page 25: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

WASTE IN FUEL, CARS, AND ROADS CAUSED BY AUTOMOBILITY

Page 26: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES: FULL MOBILITY, 1/3 OF VEHICLES

Page 27: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

POLICY DISTORTIONS

Page 28: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

UK REAL COST OF TRANSPORT AND INCOME

Page 29: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

HIGHWAY TAXES & FEES AS SHARE OF TOTAL PUBLIC ROAD EXPENDITURES

Page 30: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

COPENHAGEN CYCLING

MEDELLIN METROCABLE

PARIS VELIB

BOGOTA TRANSMILENIO

HONG KONG RAIL PROPERTY POLICY

DELHI BRT

BERLIN E-MOBILITY

LONDON CONGESTION CHARGE

SAO PAULO BUSES

NYC CYCLING ZURICH TRAMS

Page 31: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

ADDRESSING MARKET DISTORTIONS

Page 32: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT ADOPTATION

Page 33: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998

PATH-BREAKING TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Page 34: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998
Page 35: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998
Page 36: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998
Page 37: CITIES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY · THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Citie¾ . Al-INH 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1990 1992 1 994 1996 1 998